BBN ANG 141 Foundations of phonology 13 The shape of things to come Péter Szigetvári Dept of English Linguistics, Eötvös Loránd University szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 1/ 17
language change linguistic systems constantly change szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 2/ 17
language change linguistic systems constantly change linguistic systems do not change uniformly szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 2/ 17
language change linguistic systems constantly change linguistic systems do not change uniformly some speakers adopt a new form, others do not szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 2/ 17
language change linguistic systems constantly change linguistic systems do not change uniformly some speakers adopt a new form, others do not some words under the scope of the change are altered, others are not szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 2/ 17
language change linguistic systems constantly change linguistic systems do not change uniformly some speakers adopt a new form, others do not some words under the scope of the change are altered, others are not to predict the directions of change we must examine how younger speakers speak szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 2/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) RP is today considered outdated, old-fashioned, posh, funny szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) RP is today considered outdated, old-fashioned, posh, funny Estuary English Cockneyfied RP szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) RP is today considered outdated, old-fashioned, posh, funny Estuary English Cockneyfied RP proposals for the name of today s standard szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) RP is today considered outdated, old-fashioned, posh, funny Estuary English Cockneyfied RP proposals for the name of today s standard General British (GB) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) RP is today considered outdated, old-fashioned, posh, funny Estuary English Cockneyfied RP proposals for the name of today s standard General British (GB) Current British English (CUBE) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
Standard British English the standard of the 20th century: RP (Received Pronunciation, also known as Public School English) RP is today considered outdated, old-fashioned, posh, funny Estuary English Cockneyfied RP proposals for the name of today s standard General British (GB) Current British English (CUBE) Standard Southern British English (SSBE) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 3/ 17
th-fronting [T] > [f] and [D] > [d] or [v] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 4/ 17
th-fronting [T] > [f] and [D] > [d] or [v] [T] > [f] without restriction: eg think [fink], path [pa:f], month [m@nf], pathetic [p@fétik], faithful [féjff@l] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 4/ 17
th-fronting [T] > [f] and [D] > [d] or [v] [T] > [f] without restriction: eg think [fink], path [pa:f], month [m@nf], pathetic [p@fétik], faithful [féjff@l] [D] > [v] after a vowel or glide: eg mother [m @v@], bathe [bejv], without [wiváwt] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 4/ 17
th-fronting [T] > [f] and [D] > [d] or [v] [T] > [f] without restriction: eg think [fink], path [pa:f], month [m@nf], pathetic [p@fétik], faithful [féjff@l] [D] > [v] after a vowel or glide: eg mother [m @v@], bathe [bejv], without [wiváwt] [D] > [d] elsewhere: eg then [den], the cat [d@ kát], although [o:ld @w] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 4/ 17
th-fronting [T] > [f] and [D] > [d] or [v] [T] > [f] without restriction: eg think [fink], path [pa:f], month [m@nf], pathetic [p@fétik], faithful [féjff@l] [D] > [v] after a vowel or glide: eg mother [m @v@], bathe [bejv], without [wiváwt] [D] > [d] elsewhere: eg then [den], the cat [d@ kát], although [o:ld @w] mergers hearth=half, Ruth=roof, thallic=phallic, thawed=ford, thin=fin, third=furred, thorn=faun, thought=fort/fought, three=free, throws=froze; clothe=clove, lather=larva, nether=never, oaths=oaves, then=den, thence=dense, there=dare, they=day, etc szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 4/ 17
palatalization: in stressed syllable RP osbe CUBE GA EAnglia pure j j j j beauty j j j j few j j j j music j j j j new j j j/ Tuesday j j ٠duke j j à thuja j j lewd j suit j Zeus j chew Jew rule cube j j j j szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 5/ 17
further cases of palatalization s S before palatals miss you mis j0w mis j0w disregard disr@ga:d disr@ga:d Israel IzrEjl IZrEjl question kwests@n kwests@n stupid sts0wpid StS0wpId szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 6/ 17
further cases of palatalization s S before palatals miss you mis j0w mis j0w disregard disr@ga:d disr@ga:d Israel IzrEjl IZrEjl question kwests@n kwests@n stupid sts0wpid StS0wpId t/d ts/dz before palatals try traj tsraj drink drink dzrink szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 6/ 17
further cases of palatalization s S before palatals miss you mis j0w mis j0w disregard disr@ga:d disr@ga:d Israel IzrEjl IZrEjl question kwests@n kwests@n stupid sts0wpid StS0wpId t/d ts/dz before palatals try traj tsraj drink drink dzrink alogether string strin stupid stj0wpid StSrIN StS0wpId szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 6/ 17
the anticlockwise vowel shift szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 7/ 17
the anticlockwise vowel shift e 0 U o E æ a O A,6 szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 7/ 17
the anticlockwise vowel shift e 0 E æ a U o O A,6 RP CUBE e E æ a ai Aj 6 O O: o: U 0 szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 7/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: fool [fuwl], school [skuwl], Gould [guwld] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: fool [fuwl], school [skuwl], Gould [guwld] split: ruler one who rules [ruwl@] vs ruler stick [r0wl@] the birth of a new phoneme szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: fool [fuwl], school [skuwl], Gould [guwld] split: ruler one who rules [ruwl@] vs ruler stick [r0wl@] the birth of a new phoneme GOAT [ow] > [@w] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: fool [fuwl], school [skuwl], Gould [guwld] split: ruler one who rules [ruwl@] vs ruler stick [r0wl@] the birth of a new phoneme GOAT [ow] > [@w] Cola [k@wl@], solar [s@wl@] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: fool [fuwl], school [skuwl], Gould [guwld] split: ruler one who rules [ruwl@] vs ruler stick [r0wl@] the birth of a new phoneme GOAT [ow] > [@w] Cola [k@wl@], solar [s@wl@] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: goal [gowl], pole [powl], gold [gowld] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
GOOSE- and GOAT-fronting & split GOOSE [uw] > [0w] Hewlett [hj0wl@t], hooligan [h0wl@g@n] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: fool [fuwl], school [skuwl], Gould [guwld] split: ruler one who rules [ruwl@] vs ruler stick [r0wl@] the birth of a new phoneme GOAT [ow] > [@w] Cola [k@wl@], solar [s@wl@] but not before word-final/preconsonantal [l]: goal [gowl], pole [powl], gold [gowld] split: wholly [howlij] vs holy [h@wlij] another new phoneme szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 8/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] null [n @w], mental [ménto] (unstressed [@]+vocalized [l] is [o]) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] null [n @w], mental [ménto] (unstressed [@]+vocalized [l] is [o]) mergers szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] null [n @w], mental [ménto] (unstressed [@]+vocalized [l] is [o]) mergers fill [fiw], feel [fijo] [fiw] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] null [n @w], mental [ménto] (unstressed [@]+vocalized [l] is [o]) mergers fill [fiw], feel [fijo] [fiw] tell [tew], tale [tejo] [tew] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] null [n @w], mental [ménto] (unstressed [@]+vocalized [l] is [o]) mergers fill [fiw], feel [fijo] [fiw] tell [tew], tale [tejo] [tew] Cal [kaw] (=cow) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
l-vocalization [l] > [w] unless followed by a vowel mill [miw], felt [fewt] but Millie [milij], fellow [fel@w] null [n @w], mental [ménto] (unstressed [@]+vocalized [l] is [o]) mergers fill [fiw], feel [fijo] [fiw] tell [tew], tale [tejo] [tew] Cal [kaw] (=cow) gull [g@w] (=go) szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 9/ 17
GOAT-fronting & l-vocalization go goal code cold earlier gow gowl kowd kowld fronting g@w k@wd vocalization gow kowd now g@w gow k@wd kowd szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 10/ 17
GOOSE and GOAT glide fronting GOOSE [0w] > [0j] goose [g0js], two [t0j] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 11/ 17
GOOSE and GOAT glide fronting GOOSE [0w] > [0j] goose [g0js], two [t0j] GOAT [@w] > [@j] goat [g@jt], moment [m@jm@nt] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 11/ 17
GOOSE and GOAT glide fronting GOOSE [0w] > [0j] goose [g0js], two [t0j] GOAT [@w] > [@j] goat [g@jt], moment [m@jm@nt] may be blocked by a following [l] fool [fuwl], goal [gowl] szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 11/ 17
changes in the vowel inventory I kit Ij fleece I: near E dress Ej face E: square a trap Aj price aw mouth A: palm O lot oj choice o: thought 0 foot 0w goose (0: cure) @ strut @w goat @: nurse szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 12/ 17
changes in the vowel inventory l-vocalization I kit Ij fleece I: near E dress Ej face E: square a trap Aj price aw mouth A: palm O lot oj choice o: thought 0 foot 0w goose (0: cure) @ strut @w goat @: nurse szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 12/ 17
changes in the vowel inventory l-vocalization I kit Ij fleece Iw bill I: near E dress Ej face Ew bell E: square a trap Aj price aw mouth A: palm O lot oj choice ow ball o: thought 0 foot 0w goose (0: cure) @ strut @w goat @: nurse szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 12/ 17
changes in the vowel inventory GOOSE- and GOAT fronting 2 I kit Ij fleece Iw bill I: near E dress Ej face Ew bell E: square a trap Aj price aw mouth A: palm O lot oj choice ow ball o: thought 0 foot 0w goose (0: cure) @ strut @w goat @: nurse szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 12/ 17
changes in the vowel inventory GOOSE- and GOAT fronting 2 I kit Ij fleece Iw bill I: near E dress Ej face Ew bell E: square a trap Aj price aw mouth A: palm O lot oj choice ow ball o: thought 0 foot 0j goose (0: cure) @ strut @j goat @: nurse szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 12/ 17
changes in the vowel inventory l-vocalization I kit Ij fleece Iw bill I: near E dress Ej face Ew bell E: square a trap Aj price aw mouth A: palm O lot oj choice ow ball o: thought 0 foot 0j goose uw bull (0: cure) @ strut @j goat @w dull @: nurse szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 12/ 17
and now... for something completely different szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 13/ 17
about the test form szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 14/ 17
about the test form cca. 50 multiple choice items, wrong answers are ignored, cca. 1 hour szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 14/ 17
about the test form cca. 50 multiple choice items, wrong answers are ignored, cca. 1 hour the test sheet is A5 size, in 8.3pt font szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 14/ 17
about the test form cca. 50 multiple choice items, wrong answers are ignored, cca. 1 hour the test sheet is A5 size, in 8.3pt font special needs if this format does not fit your eyesight, or if you have any other request, please contact the examiner at szigetvari@elte.hu as soon as possible szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 14/ 17
before the exam what you must bring with you an ID (student card, driving licence, passport), several pens/pencils szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 15/ 17
before the exam what you must bring with you an ID (student card, driving licence, passport), several pens/pencils what you may bring with you snacks, drinks, mascot szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 15/ 17
before the exam what you must bring with you an ID (student card, driving licence, passport), several pens/pencils what you may bring with you snacks, drinks, mascot what you had better not bring with you headphones, tablets, smart phones: these will be required to be turned off and put far away from you szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 15/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions you may take the test sheet with you szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions you may take the test sheet with you you may mark your answers on the test sheet szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions you may take the test sheet with you you may mark your answers on the test sheet you can check the correct answers and your answers on the website of the course a couple of hours after the examination szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions you may take the test sheet with you you may mark your answers on the test sheet you can check the correct answers and your answers on the website of the course a couple of hours after the examination you may complain if you find any errors in the correction szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions you may take the test sheet with you you may mark your answers on the test sheet you can check the correct answers and your answers on the website of the course a couple of hours after the examination you may complain if you find any errors in the correction to access your test result, all you need is your Neptun code szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
after the exam checking your solutions you may take the test sheet with you you may mark your answers on the test sheet you can check the correct answers and your answers on the website of the course a couple of hours after the examination you may complain if you find any errors in the correction to access your test result, all you need is your Neptun code if you do not want others to see your result, you may give a password on the answer sheet szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 16/ 17
sij j0w DE: szp (delg) intro phono 13/the future 17/ 17