What do you mean by literature?

Litterae latin (plural) meaning letters. litteratura from latin things made from letters.

Literature- The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field: medical literature.

What is literature review?

A paper that summarizes relevant scholarly material what has been previously published on the topic. It explores the past research looking at it strengths & weaknesses

What it is not It is not like movie review, grade or rate it. Like or dislike is not important

What it is not It is not like expository writing where we use relevant literature to support the discussion of thesis In literature review the literature itself is the subject of discussion

Why literature review?

Six hours spent in the library may save the researcher six months in the laboratory

Highlight major discoveries on the topic. Disagreements or consensus on the issue. Areas of lacunae in the knowledge. Prevents duplication Familiar with various research approaches Justify the need for study Scope for further research.

Foundation for your study.

Literature review required For a review paper. For the introduction (and discussion) of a research paper, masters thesis or dissertation To embark on new area of research For a research proposal

How to search for the literature?

LITERATURE SEARCH Dr. Manjula Patil Asst. Professor, Department of Anatomy, NMC, Bagalkot

Objectives At the of end this session one should be ABLE TO. Define literature search List sources of literature Perform effective electronic literature search Check the authenticity of the information searched

Literature search: A literature search is an organised search for all the literature published on a topic

Sources of Information Text books Research surveys, reports, regulatory and policy documents by government and non-government agencies Journal articles Original, Review articles etc

Availability of these sources Printed material - Text books - Subscribed journals - Bibliographic databases Electronic material - Bibliographic databases

Bibliographical Databases Printed version - Index Medicus (1970-1997) - Excerpta Medica Electronic version - Medline & Pubmed - EMBASE - The cochrane library - NLM,s MEDLARS Databases

How to carry out the literature search?

Formulating a problem Select a topic you are interested in Choose topic with a feasible focus You may start out with a general idea, review the literature and refine the topic

Formulate the question Creating a well focused question is the first step Determine useful keywords and limitations

Key words Example What role does pain have in sleep disorders? The key concepts are: Pain Sleep disorders

Search engines Google Yahoo Pubmed EMBASE The Cochrane Library Other databases

Google Scholar Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Google Scholar index includes most peerreviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, techni cal reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.

Google Scholar

Limitations of Google scholar Google scholar effects Accuracy of field detection Vulnerability to spam Lack of screening for quality

Where to search for medical literature then?

PUBMED

History

Difference between Pubmed, Medline and Medline Plus

MEDLINE National Library of Medicine (NLM ) Provides over 20 million references approximately 5,600 scholarly journals NLM controlled vocabulary, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH )

Pubmed PubMed is a Web-based retrieval system developed by the NCBI at the NLM. It is part of NCBI's vast retrieval system, known as Entrez. PubMed is a database of bibliographic information drawn primarily from the life sciences literature.

Pubmed More than 27 million records representing articles in the biomedical literature Books from NCBI book shelf Most PubMed records are MEDLINE citations. It also includes under process articles which are to be indexed by MEDLINE in future A relatively small number of records that are included in PubMed but not selected for MEDLINE.

PUBMED Citations to author manuscripts of articles published by NIHfunded researchers. PubMed citations often include links to the full-text article on the publishers' Web sites and/or in PMC and the Bookshelf.

Key differences MEDLINE is the largest subset of PubMed. You may limit your PubMed search retrieval to MEDLINE citations In conclusion, PubMed citations come from 1) MEDLINE indexed journals, 2) journals/manuscripts deposited in PMC, and 3) NCBI Bookshelf.

How to search using Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Create account first https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Formulate the question Creating a well focused question is the first step Determine useful keywords and limitations

Key words Example What role does pain have in sleep disorders? The key concepts are: Pain Sleep disorders

What is MeSH? An acronym for medical subject headings. The U.S. National library of medicine's controlled vocabulary (thesaurus). A vocabulary that gives uniformity and consistency to the indexing and cataloguing of biomedical literature. A distinctive feature of Medline. Arranged in a hierarchical manner called the mesh tree structures. Updated annually

Who uses MeSH? Searchers of MEDLINE/PubMed, library catalogues, and other databases use MeSH to assist with subject searching. National Library of Medicine (NLM) indexers use MeSH to describe the subject content of journal articles for MEDLINE.

Components of MeSH Headings Subheadings Supplementary Concept Records Publication Characteristics (or Types)

Boolean logic AND OR NOT