79th lesson( レッスン第 79 回 ) (25-50 mins) Today s Pattern( 今日のパターン ) I d rather / I d sooner ( 仮定法 助動詞 would rather / sooner) Today s Sentences( 今日の例文 ) I d rather be a doctor than an architect. ( 私は建築家より医師になりたいです ) I d sooner leave than stay in this house. ( 私はこの家にいるよりむしろ出たいです ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Objectives of this material( このテキストの目的 ) 1. Broaden word expressions, not only to understand but also to construct them. ( 基本文型を理解するだけでなく 使いこなせるようになる ) 2. Gain confidence in speaking by completing simple practice conversations. ( 簡単な会話練習から始めて 英会話の自信をつける ) 3. Feel your progress and enjoy English! ( 自分の上達を実感し 英語を楽しむ ) Page 1
Previous Lessons Review( これまでのレッスンの復習 ) (5-10 mins) Directions: Practice the sentence pattern of your previous lessons.( これまで勉強したパ ターンを復習しましょう ) 0-1. Type 2 Conditional Clauses I see. Has he mentioned to you the progress of his research? Not yet. If he me about it, I have helped him. 0-2. Type 3 Conditional Clauses If you d been me, what would you have done? If I d been you,. 0-3. Mixed Conditional Clauses If you could do any job, what would you like to do? If I had a choice, I. 0-4. I wish, If only What s your greatest regret in life? I wish I. That s sad. Yes. If only. 0-5. It s (about / high) time I am scared of heights since I was young. I know. That s the reason why you can t ride a plane. I think it s high time you. Page 2
Grammar Review( 文法の復習 ) (5-10 mins) 1. We use I d rather and I d sooner to express preference. We can use them to refer to the present or the future. I d rather / sooner be a doctor than an architect. We can also refer to the past, if we want to express what should have happened before. If I could choose again, I d rather / sooner have been a doctor than an architect. We can omit the verb in negative short answers. Are you coming with us? No, I d rather not. Note that though both expressions can be used for the same purpose, I d sooner suggests a more passive preference than I d rather. Thus, for the previous example, I d rather is more appropriate. 2. We can refer to other people after I d rather. I d rather Jack left on an earlier train. We use the past tense of be after I d rather (+ person) to refer to the present or the future. I d rather she were / was happy. Note that both were and was can be used, depending on whether it is used formally Page 3
or not. We use the past perfect form of be after I d rather (+ person) to refer to the past. I d rather you had been present. 3. I d rather (he didn t), etc. Negative response: Frank is going to buy a motorcycle. I d rather he didn t. Affirmative response: Frank won t give up his present job. I d rather he did. We do not have to repeat the main verb in a complete sentence You always go without me; I d rather you didn t. Page 4
[would rather / would sooner] このレッスンでは むしろ したい / だといいのに の意味を表す would rather would sooner の用法を学習します would rather のあとに原形動詞 ( または現在完了形 ) がくる場合は一般的な助動詞として 主語と過去形動詞 ( または過去完了形 ) がくる場合は仮定法表現として扱われます なお さまざまな助動詞の用法については今後のレッスンで学習します 助動詞 :[would rather / would sooner + 原形動詞 ] このパターンは たいてい than とともに用いられ するくらいなら むしろ したい という意味を表します 過去のことを表す場合は 原形動詞のかわりに現在完了形 (have + 過去分詞形 ) が用いられます 例文 : I d rather be a builder than an architect. ( 私は建築士よりむしろ大工になりたいです ) If I could choose again, I d sooner have been a builder than an architect. ( もう一度選べるなら 私は建築士よりむしろ大工になりたかったです ) 仮定法 :[would rather + 人 + 過去形動詞 ] このパターンは がむしろ だといいのに という仮定を意味します 現在のことを仮定している場合は過去形動詞が用いられ 過去のことを表す場合は過去完了形 (had+ 過去分詞形 ) が用いられます 例文 : I d rather she were / was happy. ( むしろ彼女が幸せならいいのですが ) I d rather you had been present. ( むしろあなたがいればよかったのですが ) 返答や繰り返しの際には 次の例文のように動詞を省略することができます 例文 : Frank is going to buy a motorcycle. - I d rather he didn t. ( フランクはバイクを買おうとしています 買わなければいいのですが ) Frank won t give up his present job. - I d rather he did. ( フランクは今の仕事をあきらめないでしょう あきらめればいいのですが ) Page 5
Exercise 1( エクササイズ 1) (3-6 mins) Directions: Repeat after your tutor.( 講師に続けて言ってください ) Example( 例文 ): I d rather be a builder than an architect. ( 私は建築家よりむしろ大工になりたいです ) 1-1. I d rather live in Europe than in the United States. ( アメリカよりもヨーロッパに住む ) not tell you what to do. ( どうすればいいかあなたに話さない ) you went to my house to pick me up. ( あなたが私を迎えに私の家へ行った ) Sarah went on a trip with Jake than with Mike. ( サラはマイクとではなく ジェイクと旅行に行った ) 1-2. I d sooner leave with my mom. watch baseball than football. have been a professor than a banker. sleep than go to school. Page 6
Exercise 2( エクササイズ 2) (3-6 mins) Directions: Complete the exercise below to make a sentence.( 下の文章を完成させてください ) Example( 例文 ): I d sooner leave than stay in this house. ( 私はこの家にいるよりむしろ出たいです ) 2-1. I d rather a book than watch TV all day long. ( 私は一日中テレビを見るよりむしろ本を たいです ) 2-2. I d rather she join the volleyball team. She spends less time focusing on her studies. ( バレー部に入るより彼女には ほしいです 勉強に集中する時間が少ないので ) 2-3. She always leaves the country alone and I d rather she. ( 彼女はいつもひとりで国を離れるので 私は彼女に ほしいです ) 2-4. I d sooner not near the fireplace. ( 私は暖炉のそばよりも したいです ) 2-5. If I were a billionaire, I d sooner the world than deposit all the money in the bank. ( 私が百万長者だったら 銀行に貯金するよりも世界を したいです ) fireplace: 暖炉 Page 7
Exercise 3( エクササイズ 3) (3-6 mins) Directions: Match the words below to make a correct sentence or phrase. There may be multiple combinations. Choose the best answer.( 左と右の言葉を組み合わせて文を完成させてください 対応する組み合わせはひとつとは限りませんが その中で最も適切な答えを選びなさい ) I d rather 3-1. live an earlier flight. 3-2. you caught present during the board meeting. 3-3. she had leaked the exam answers. 3-4. have been been honest with me. 3-5. you hadn t in my home country than in other countries. I d sooner 3-6. make a living than take a cab. 3-7. spend time with my family about my future. 3-8. wait for the next train as an engineer than any other job. 3-9. be worrying than stay at home. 3-10. watch the fireworks than work overtime. leak: 漏らす / 漏れる board meeting: 役員会議 make a living: 生計を立てる Page 8
Exercise 4( エクササイズ 4) (3-6 mins) Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor.( 講師と会話を練習しましょ う ) Where would you sooner be? In Las Vegas or New York? I d sooner <am / be / is> in New York. Your sister told me that she cancelled her flight to New York. Yes, that s right. She d rather <took / take / taken> the second flight than the first one. Why? She d rather <go / gone / went> with her husband than travel alone. Will you join them once they re there? Sadly, I won t. I d rather <visit / give / arrive> them some time alone. That s okay. Oh, I have to leave now. You should. You might be late for your appointment. I d rather you <catch / caught / will catch> an earlier train. Page 9
Exercise 5( エクササイズ 5) (3-6 mins) Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor.( 講師と会話を練習しましょ う ) Do you prefer to live in the countryside or in the city? ( 地方と都市部だったらどっちに住みたい?) I d rather. ( 私は したいな ) Are you going to live there by yourself? ( 一人暮らしするの?) No. I d rather. ( ううん したいな ) How about your job? ( 仕事はどうするの?) I d sooner. ( どちらかといえば したいな ) Are you going to rent an apartment there? ( アパートを借りるの?) Yes. I d rather. ( うん したいな ) Page 10
Exercise 6( エクササイズ 6) (5-10 mins) Directions: Practice and enjoy a free talk with your tutor.( 講師とフリートークを楽しみ ながら練習してください ) Guide Questions from the tutor:( 講師は次の質問で会話を始めます ) 6-1. Would you rather be the leader or a member of a group? Why? 6-2. Would you rather study by yourself or with a teacher? Why? 6-3. Would you sooner take a high paying job that you don t enjoy doing or a low paying job but you enjoy doing? Why? 6-4. Would you rather stay at home or go out partying on Friday night? Why? Page 11