YAYASAN WIDYA BHAKTI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS SANTA ANGELA TERAKREDITASI A Jl. Merdeka No. 24 Bandung 022. 4214714 Fax.022. 4222587 http//: www.smasantaangela.sch.id, e-mail : smaangela@yahoo.co.id 043 URS is member of Registar of Standards (Holding) Ltd. ISO 9001 : 2008 Cert. No. 47484/A/0001/UK/En ENGLISH MODULE UNIT 1 Talking about habits & Adverbs to express attitude Compiled by: Theresia Riya Vernalita Herwanti, S.Pd
GRAMMAR TALKING ABOUT HABITS There are some ways to talk about habits: I. Used to OR would + infinitive General use: We use used to and would to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past. USED TO Used to + infinitive is used to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past. He used to smoke, but now he stops. I used to play soccer with them. Used to (with permanent state) If we talk about state or situation (verbs such as be/ think/ love/ hate/ want, etc), we can only use used to. She used to be an intellectual person. When I was six, I used to love Barbie doll. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 2
WOULD 1. Remember would is a modal auxiliary verb. So: There is no s in verbs of the third person singular Questions and negatives are made without do After would, we use the infinitive without to 2. Remember, we cannot use would to talk about permanent state or situation (state verbs). X When I was a kid, I would think that fairy s real. When I was a kid, I used to think that fairy s real. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 3
3. Would is only used for expressing repeated actions (action verbs). They would play slime and squeezy when they re at primary school. Mrs Watt would pinch my cheek when I did something wrong. II. always + continuous tense is used to talk about things which occur frequently and which the speaker finds annoying. He s always complaining about something! III. Will + infinitive is used to talk about habitual behaviour. Frequency adverbs can also be added. She ll sometimes spend the whole day reading IV. Tend to + infinitive is used to make general statements about the habitual actions and situations of groups of people or individuals. British people tend to drink tea rather than coffee. I tend not to get up very early on Sundays. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 4
ADVERB ORDER We can put adverbs and adverb phrases at the front, in the middle or at the end of a clause. 1. The front position of the clause is the first item in the clause: Suddenly I felt afraid. Yesterday detectives arrested a man and a woman in connection with the murder. 2. The end position of the clause is the last item in the clause: Why do you always have to eat so fast? 3. The mid position is between the subject and the main verb: Apples always taste best when you pick them straight off the tree. 4. Where there is more than one verb, mid position means after the first auxiliary verb or after a modal verb: The government has occasionally been forced to change its mind. (after the first auxiliary verb) You can definitely never predict what will happen. (after a modal verb) We mightn t ever have met. (after the modal verb and before the auxiliary verb) [English Module, Unit 1] Page 5
5. In questions, mid position is between the subject and the main verb: Do you ever think about living there? 6. Adverbs usually come after the main verb be, except in emphatic clauses: She s always late for everything. 7. When be is emphasized, the adverb comes before the verb: Why should I have gone to see Madonna? I never was a fan of hers. (emphatic) ADVERBS TO EXPRESS ATTITUDE 1. Annoyingly in a way that causes irritation or annoyance Annoyingly, he was still wearing that smirk, his pale eyes narrowed into near slits. 2. Regrettably used to express apology for or sadness at something She said that regrettably, the only other available public building in the area was across the Kilkenny border. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 6
3. Admittedly used to express a concession or recognition that something is the case He is admittedly a visual genius, but he was often accused of fetishizing violence in his films. 4. Hopefully It is to be hoped that. Hopefully the road should be finished by next year. 5. Honestly: Used to emphasize the truthfulness of a statement Honestly, darling, I'm not upset. 6. Obviously In a way that is easily perceived or understood; clearly. Obviously, everyone has to do what they think is right. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 7
7. Surely Used to emphasize the speaker's firm belief that what they are saying is true and often their surprise that there is any doubt of this. If this is true, surely each outlet should be doing all it can to ensure holiday-makers make return visits. 8. Certainly Used to emphasize the speaker's belief that what is said is true. It is certainly worth spending a few hours exploring here, even if you choose not to spend the night. 9. Understandably In a way that can be understood. This book offers an example of how to write clearly and understandably about the history of modern art. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 8
EXERCISE I Circle the correct words. 1. I was quite rebellious / respectful / traditional when I was a child. I never did what my parents told me. 2. Mollie is an outgoing / unconventional / insecure girl. She s not very confident in herself. 3. A lot of young children are respectful / outgoing / self-centred and don t think about others feelings. 4. You were very outgoing / unconventional / rebellious when you were younger. You made friends easily. 5. Some teenagers try to be traditional / insecure / unconventional by wearing different clothes to everyone else. 6. Paul was a demanding / rebellious / traditional child. He always needed a lot of attention. EXERCISE II Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first sentence using the word given. 1. Helen never stops making her sister upset. UPSETTING Helen her sister. 2. As a child, I was quite rebellious. USED I as a child. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 9
3. It s typical for most teenagers to not do what their parents tell them. TEND Most teenagers what their parents tell them. 4. When I was younger, I visited my grandparents every weekend. WOULD I every weekend when I was younger. 5. It s normal for younger siblings to copy their elder brothers or sisters. WILL Typically, their elder brothers or sisters. EXERCISE III Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list. get let have say get make 1. It really on my nerves when my sister borrows my clothes. 2. I need to a word with my brothers about their behaviour. 3. Don t keep your problems to yourself. It ll things worse. [English Module, Unit 1] Page 10
4. Have you ever something you regretted later? 5. Why don t my parents me be, and stop asking me questions? 6. I ve my eye on you, so don t do anything bad! [English Module, Unit 1] Page 11
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References Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 4th ed. Cambridge: University press. http://www.grammarbank.com/ Retrieved on: 7 August, 2015 http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/gramma r/learnit/learnitv317.shtml [English Module, Unit 1] Page 13