Chapter 1 : Cite This For Me: Harvard, APA, MLA Reference Generator Guide To Legal Citation And Sources Of Citation Aid A Canadian Perspective Citation machine: format & generate citations apa, mla, citation machineâ helps. Launched in October, we began with the mission of helping students create perfect citations in a fraction of the time. Without even realizing it, you do it already in your everyday life in little ways. We do this because it gives credibility to what we say, but also because it credits the originator of the information and allows others to follow up if they need more information. Formal citing done for papers and projects takes this a step further. In addition to the reasons mentioned above, citing sources in academia provides evidence of your research process and helps you avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is a word you never want to hear describing your work. What Are You Citing?: Answering this question is usually the first step in creating a citation. Cite This For Me has you covered. How Does This Work? Immediately start citing by clicking on the website or journal article icon. From there, a form will pop up and show you all of the information you should look for in your source. You can create a citation at any time and also go back and edit it as many times as you want. To help you save even more time and effort when citing websites, books, and journal articles, Cite This For Me will automatically find reference information and fill out some of the form for you. When citing these sources, you start off with a search bar that assists you in finding the source you are referencing. Did you know there are literally thousands of citations styles in the world? Fortunately, Cite This For Me has a lot of them! Understanding it All Beyond simply creating references or citations, most citation styles have additional guidelines about paper formatting, in-text citations, and other details. Cite This For Me citation guides covers a lot of this additional information, so your paper is more properly prepped and less likely to get points taken off for these details. Keep up with the latest articles by following us on Facebook or Twitter. Whenever you are on a page you wish to use as a source, simply click the Cite This For Me extension button to generate a citation for it. Click here to get the add-on. You can copy and paste your citations from Cite This For Me into your paper, project, or document. It helps you identify any information that may still need a citation created for it. To sum it all up: Sign up by clicking here. Page 1
Chapter 2 : Overview // Purdue Writing Lab Sources of citation aid -- Chapter 8: Sources of citation aid -- statutes and subordinate legislation -- 1. Canadian statutes and regulations -- 2. English statutes and regulations -- 3. Author, Title of the Book, edition place of publication: Carswell, at HG Beale, ed, Chitty on Contracts: If a multi-volume work uses the same title for all volumes, treat the volume designation as a pinpoint see below. Use the name on the title page of the book, including titles such as The Honourable, Professor, Lord. Do not include academic degrees or other credentials, such as Q. Include any initials the author uses; if more than one, do not leave spaces e. Example with two authors: Joost Blom et al Editor: Example with one editor: Michael Geist, ed, In the Public Interest: Follow examples under author above if more than one editor. Use eds for editors. Include the full title. If there is a sub-title, precede it with a colon as shown in the Geist example above. Capitalize the title according to the conventions of the language of the title, regardless of the capitalization used on the title page. Use ed for edition. Abbreviate as follows, which is different from the format used for law reporter series: Do not use superscripts. If there is no edition statement, then 1st ed is assumed. Use the first place of publication listed on the title page or verso. Use the English spelling if it exists e. Use the name on the title page. Omit terms of corporate status e. Use the copyright date of the book unless a specific year of publication is given. To refer the reader to a specific page or section, add a reference following the publication information. It is important to let the reader know how current the book was when you consulted it. You will find the records of when the loose-leaf book was updated at either the front or back of the book. LexisNexis, loose-leaf updated, release 16 vol 2 at para Chapters in Books Some books are not written by a single author or authors. Rather, an editor may compile a collection of essays around a common theme. Irwin Law, at Journal Articles General format: Some journals are published exclusively in electronic format. Author, "Title of Article", online: Use the name on the title page of the article, including titles such as The Honourable, Professor, Lord. Do not include academic degrees or other credentials. See more notes above in the Books section. See notes above in the Books section. If there is a volume number for the journal, include the date in parentheses. If the journal does not use volume numbers, put the date in brackets e. Including the issue number for journals if you can find it. Note that many older references to journals will include the volume number only. The use of the issue number was reserved for the few journals that restarted the page number with each issue, to make finding an article easier. Now, many journals are available online and are not bound together as a single volume and so it makes sense to include the issue number. Abbreviate the full title of the journal. Case Comments A case comment is a special type of journal article. Often, a journal article will comment on a case, and perhaps compare and contrast a case with others, with no mention of the term, "case comment. Sometimes, an article will actually indicate that it is a case comment. These articles may, or may not, have a title. Do not include the case name if it is a part of the title. After the bibliographic information, introduce the word or phrase with sub verbo, which means "under the word. Examples for the print and electronic versions of the two Canadian encyclopedias follow. The CED is currently in its 4th edition shorten to 4th. The online version, available via WestlawNext Canada, sometimes refers to the Ontario or Western versions; include this information in your citation if it is provided. CED West 4th, vol 49, title at para CED 4th, Remedies 6. Note that in the print version and online version, available via Lexis Advance Quicklaw, a shortened designation for subjects is used. Page 2
Chapter 3 : Canadian Legal Research Duke University School of Law Ebook Guide To Legal Citation And Sources Of Citation Aid A Canadian Perspective currently available at racedaydvl.com for review only, if you need complete ebook Guide To Legal Citation And Sources Of Citation Aid A Canadian. Legal research List of entries about Legal research Below you will find specific information on legal research, where you may choose a link from the list to get started. In this label about legal research American Encyclopedia of Law, we look in more detail at: The entries cover court systems, precedent, case reporting system including regional and state reporters, headnotes and the West Key Number System, citations, and case finding, statutes, constitutions, and legislative history, and secondary sources including treatises, law reviews, digests, and restatements. Gain an edge and make smarter decisions with more content about Legal research. But we do it because we believe our perspective matters â because it might well be your perspective, too. If everyone who reads our entries, who uses it, helps to support it, our future would be much more secure. A legal reference book which lists and explains commonly used legal abbreviations. Legislation enacted into law. A bill that has passed both houses of the legislature, been enrolled, ratified, signed by the governor [â ] Action Action in United States Action Definition Lat. A doing of something; something done. The term is, in legal usage, confined to practice, having no technical meaning, in the substantive law, except in the French law, in which it denotes shares in a company, [â ] Adjudication Adjudication in the United States The judicial act of making a judgment in a legal action. Adjudication involves formal decision making processes as a court moves to a final judgment in a lawsuit. Adjudication requires, at minimum, notice to all parties that a decision is being sought, and an [â ] Administrative Agency Administrative Agency in the United States Administrative Agency in Environmental Law An administrative division of government created either by the executive head of the government the president for federal agencies, the governor for state agencies or by the legislative branch. Some [â ] Administrative Law Administrative Law in the United States The body of law that concerns the powers of and procedures to be used by administrative agencies. Administrative Law Judicial Function also includes the law that creates such agencies and the provisions that define the extent to which agency decisions [â ] Advance Sheets Advance Sheets in United States Practical Information Note: Some of this information was last updated in See national reporter system in U. For a meaning of it, read Advance Sheets in the Legal Dictionary here. West has expanded the treatise to include other dispute resolution forums, such as mediation and arbitration. So for [â ] American Digest System American Digest System in the United States The American Digest System divides the law into major topic categories which are further divided into more specific subcategories â each subcategory is assigned a number. The number assigned to the subcategory is called a KeyNumber. Some of this information was last updated in A legal encyclopedia that gives comprehensive textual statements of American case law. They provide introductory overviews on legal topics, usually explaining the current state of the law, [â ]. Page 3
Chapter 4 : Citation Machine: Format & Generate Citations â APA, MLA, & Chicago Guide To Legal Citation And Sources Of Citation Aid A Canadian Perspective PDF Format Guide To Legal Citation And Sources Of Citation Aid A Canadian Perspective Tang. Download PDF version of guide for print I. Introduction The Goodson Law Library has extensive holdings in Canadian law, emphasizing English language material, housed either in the reference collection or on Level 1 under call numbers beginning with KE. The collection is arranged beginning with national statutes, followed by administrative codes, gazettes, case digests and reporters, and then other material, such as treatises. Following the national collection, the provincial collections are arranged in a similar fashion. Canadian law journals are shelved on Level 4 with Law Periodicals, alphabetically by title. Quicklaw currently as of October requires individual user registration while issues with IP access are restored. Current Law School students, faculty, and staff may contact the Reference Desk for registration information. Contains lists of primary sources and an extensive treatment of Canadian law databases. This is a good, concise introduction to Canadian resources which includes checklists to follow in researching. Tjaden, Ted, Researching Canadian Law. Includes an introduction to the Canadian legal system and information about both print and online resources. Treatises The Law Library owns many treatises on Canadian law. Most are classified under KE and are located on Level 1. Among the basic texts explaining the Canadian legal system are: Forcese, Craig, The Laws of Government: The Legal Foundations of Canadian Democracy, 2d ed. McCormack, Nancy and Melanie R. Delves into the historical background for Canadian law. Gives basic legal concepts and a description of the Canadian legal system. Additional treatises on particular legal topics can be found in the Duke Libraries Catalog with a subject search for [topic] â Canada; e. The "Essentials of Canadian Law" series, published by Irwin Law, is an excellent starting place for many Canadian legal subjects. The database vlex provides electronic access to many of the recent titles in that series, which are also available in print at the library. Other recommended treatises for specific legal topics can be found on the Canadian Legal Research and Writing Guide Suggested Textbooks page. Encyclopedias and Digests Another good place to start your research is one of the digests or encyclopedias of Canadian law. The online version combines and updates the text of two separate print encyclopedias, both no longer updated in print at the Goodson Law Library: C21, updated through in print, which focuses on federal law and provincial law of the Western portion of Canada. Entries in the Digest provide a textual summary of the law with extensive footnotes to primary sources. Quicklaw also contains JurisClasseur Quebec, a French-language encyclopedia covering Quebecois law, and the Canada Digest, a compilation of various topical digest services. Users may search or browse the various digest subtopics to access the case law summaries, which date back to The Canadian Abridgment, 3d ed. This comprehensive work includes case digests, statute and case citations, a consolidated table of cases and an Index to Canadian Legal Literature Reference Indexes which includes both treatises and periodicals. C will help you use this work in print. To access Canadian case law by topic online, see Section V. Provincial courts hear cases involving provincial law and most federal law cases. Although there are variations, all the provinces have developed a system with trial courts of general jurisdiction whose names vary from province to province whose decisions may be appealed to courts of appeal. Canada has a Federal Court of limited jurisdiction, known until as the Exchequer Court, which hears such matters as copyright, patents, and claims against the federal government. The decisions of both federal and provincial courts may be appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, which is also the constitutional court. The website of the Supreme Court of Canada provides a good explanation of the Canadian judicial system. Finding case law for Canada is similar to finding case law in the United States. There are reporters for the provincial, territorial, and federal courts. Canadian decisions are also available in electronic format on Quicklaw, Lexis Advance, Westlaw, HeinOnline, and free websites. The reporters available through Duke include: Coverage of this official publication begins in Since all decisions have been reported in both French and English. This reporter series Page 4
contains all appellate cases but only a selection of trial cases. Exchequer Court decisions are located in the official publication, Reports of the Exchequer Court of Canada, from to, and Canada Law Reports: Exchequer Court of Canada both at KE A23 from to its demise in Supreme Court of Canada KE Beginning with, a commercially produced reporter, National Reporter KE D66 is a weekly report of both provincial and federal cases throughout Canada. It began in and is presently in its 4th series. Provincial There are two regional reporters that publish provincial decisions. These provinces now have their own reporters and the Law Library does not collect the regional reporter. The Law Library has a selection of the current provincial reporters and some earlier reporter series. Provincial reporters are published for each of the provinces and territories, except for Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, which have a combined reporter. Provincial reports for other areas began only in the late s or early s. Subject Law Reporters Although searchable online databases like Quicklaw and Westlaw have made it easier to quickly locate case law on a certain topic, many subject law reporters are also published for Canada. They include standard areas of law, such as patents, family law and securities, as well as some that you may not expect, such as human rights. Case Updating As in United States legal research, all cases must be updated Canadians generally refer to updating cases as "noting up". It is possible to update cases from the Supreme Court of Canada and other federal courts, as well as from some specialized and provincial courts on Westlaw with the "Citing References" tab, as well as with the QuickCITE citator service available on Quicklaw. The other method of updating cases is to use Canadian case citators or "noter-uppers" in print. In order to completely update a case in a print citator, you must search it in each of the series by case name and then go to the paper pamphlets that update the citations. The Canadian Legal Research and Writing Guide includes a comparison and how-to guides for the major case citators. With the passage in of the Canada Act, the British Parliament officially removed itself from the legislative structure of Canada. Simultaneously, the Canadian Parliament passed the Constitution Act,, which consolidated all of the various acts that were considered part of the Canadian Constitution and included a schedule of 30 laws, of which 23 are still in effect. Since then there has been added to the Constitution the Constitution Act, Representation. Z85 C35 is a bilingual commentary with citations to many cases. Bills are read three times in parliament before becoming statutes. Until, the volumes were sessional, which means that they did not correspond to the calendar year. Beginning with, they are annual volumes. Prior editions of the R. Statute consolidation is now an ongoing process at the federal Justice Laws Website. Legislation in the online services will include citing references from later case law and from secondary sources. Provincial The provincial statutes are published in annual volumes. Quicklaw and Westlaw include citing references to statute sections from later case law and commentary. CanLII also includes a legislative citator feature, which has limited historical coverage but works well for citing cases within its scope of coverage. Regulations Certain statutes enable federal or provincial executive agencies to create rules and regulations to govern various areas. These rules and regulations, together with other subordinate legislation, such as orders and municipal by-laws, may be referred to as regulations or statutory instruments. The most recent consolidation of regulations, the Consolidated Regulations of Canada, KE, lists regulations under the name of the enabling statute. Unfortunately, this work does not have an index, and access is only through the Table of Contents. Provincial Provincial statutory instruments are researched in a similar fashion to federal ones. Each province also publishes official gazettes that contain new regulations and amendments of the older ones. Check the online catalog for library holdings of the particular province in which you are interested. Q83 provides a useful basic background as well. General research guides listed in section III also include chapters on Quebec research. This newest code became effective as of January 1, The code is in ten sections: There are also many Canadian law dictionaries shelved in the reference collection, including The Dictionary of Canadian Law, 4th ed. D85 and Canadian Law Dictionary Ref. Citation Manuals The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, 20th ed. U55 contains an extensive list of sources and citation guidance for Canadian legal materials in Table 2. Developed by the McGill University Law Review, this guide has been adopted by several law reviews and courts in Canada. It provides citation information in both English and French. Guide to Foreign and Page 5
International Legal Citations, 2d ed. Contains citation examples for Canadian statutes, case law, and secondary sources. Periodicals Research services such as Westlaw and Lexis Advance include the full text of some Canadian law reviews and legal journals in their legal periodical collections. Additional periodical materials can be accessed via the online Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals. Page 6
Chapter 5 : Research a Topic Harvard Law School epub: Guide To Legal Citation And Sources Of Citation Aid â A Canadian Perspective By Tang Chin-Shih If you are searching for a ebook Guide to Legal Citation and Sources of Citation Aid â A Canadian. Do not omit digits from inclusive page numbers. The year of the publication is followed by a semicolon; the volume number and the issue number in parentheses are followed by a colon; the initial page number, a hyphen, and the final page number, followed by a period, are set without spaces. Compston A, Coles A. Sleep-disordered breathing in multiple sclerosis. Changing conversations, changing culture: A medical education journal club. Investigation of radon and heavy metals in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, high lung cancer incidence areas in China. Materials with Named Authors and Group Name References may occur to material that is prepared by a committee or other group. The following forms should be used under such conditions: Opportunities for improving attainment of quality measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Manag Care. References to Print Books All references to print books should include the following elements: Name of publisher Page numbers, when specific pages are cited When referring to an entire book, not pages or specific sections, use the following format: Twenty-First Century Books; Jones and Bartlett; References to Book Chapters Chapters from books should be capitalized in the same format as journal articles sentence case format and should not use quotation marks. Additionally, inclusive page numbers for the each chapter should be provided. The title of the book, however, should be title cased and italicized, following the print book format. A colon should follow the publication date and no space should be provided between the colon or the page number s and hyphen. Yagyu S, Iehara T. Detection of tumor-derived cell-free DNA in serum for predicting prognosis of neuroblastoma. In Hayat MA, ed. Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis. Editors and Translators Names of editors, translators, translator-editors, or executive, consulting, and section editors are given as follows: Volume Number If the work cited includes more than 1 volume, use Arabic numerals for volume numbers, regardless of whether the publisher used Roman numerals. Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination. Edition Number As with the volume number, use Arabic numerals to indicate an edition, even if the publisher has used Roman numerals, but do not indicate a first edition. If a subsequent edition is cited, the number should be given. The Complete, Authoritative Guide for Parents. Government or Agency Bulletins References to bulletins published by departments or agencies of a government should include the following information, in the order indicated: Visa Bulletin for April Shupbach J, Charity E. US Dept of Veteran Affairs; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Management of alloimmunization during pregnancy. The National Center for Biotechnology Information; Theses and Dissertations Italicize the titles of theses and dissertations. References to theses should include the location of the university or other institution, its name, and year of completion of thesis. If the thesis has been published, it should be treated as any other book reference. University of Manitoba; University of Pennsylvania; Package Inserts Package inserts the printed material about the use and effects of the product contained in the package may be cited as follows: Page 7
Chapter 6 : Citation Machine: American Psychological Association 6th Edition format citation generator for Jhelum - Two Pakistani Canadian brothers married their sisters to get them Canadian nationality. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word or any proper nouns. APA stands for the American Psychological Association, which is an organization that focuses on psychology. They are responsible for creating this specific citation style. The APA is not associated with this guide, but all of the information here provides guidance to using their style. What is APA Citing? This citation style is used by many scholars and researchers in the behavioral and social sciences, not just psychology. There are other citation formats and styles such as MLA and Chicago, but this one is most popular in the science fields. Following the same standard format for citations allows readers to understand the types of sources used in a project and also understand their components. It outlines proper ways to organize and structure a research paper, explains grammar guidelines, and how to properly cite sources. For more information, please consult the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. We cite sources for many reasons. One reason is to give credit to the authors of the work you used to help you with your own research. This is one way to prevent plagiarism. Another reason why we create citations is to provide a standard way for others to understand and possibly explore the sources we used. To learn more about citations, check out this page on crediting work. Also, read up on how to be careful of plagiarism. What does it look like? There are two types of citations. In-text citations are found in the body of the project and are used when adding a direct quote or paraphrase into your work. Reference citations are found in the reference list, which is at the end of the assignment and includes the full citations of all sources used in a project. Depending on the types of sources you used for your project, the structure for each citation may look different. There is a certain format, or structure, for books, a different one for journal articles, a different one for websites, and so on. Scroll down to find the appropriate citation structure for your sources. Even though the structure varies across different sources, see below for a full explanation of in-text citations and reference citations. When using a direct quote or paraphrasing information from a source, include an in-text citation in the body of your project, immediately following it. In-text citations may look something like this: Full Citations Overview Each source used to help with the gathering of information for your project is listed as a full citation in the reference list, which is usually the last part of a project. The structure for each citation is based on the type of source used. Scroll down to see examples of some common source formats. Most citations include the following pieces of information, commonly in this order: Last name, First initial. End this information with a period. In an APA citation, include all authors shown on a source. Our free citation creator will format the authors in the order in which you add them. If your reference list has multiple authors with the same last name and initials, include their first name in brackets. When no author is listed, exclude the author information and start the citation with the title followed by the year in parentheses. When citing an entire edited book, place the names of editors in the author position and follow it with Ed. See below for examples of citing edited books in their entirety and also chapters in edited books. How to Structure Publication Dates: Place the date that the source was published in parentheses after the name of the author. For periodicals, include the month and day as well. If no date is available, place n. How to Structure the Title: Only capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title and the same for the subtitle. Capitalize the first letter for any proper nouns as well. Place this information in italics. End it with a period. Gone with the wind. For articles and chapter titles: Do not italicize the title or place it in quotation marks. The correlation between school libraries and test scores: For magazine, journal, and newspaper titles: Write the title in capitalization form, with each important word starting with a capital letter. The Boston Globe If you believe that it will help the reader to understand the type of source, such as a brochure, lecture notes, or an audio podcast, place a description in brackets directly after the title. Only capitalize the first letter. A state of trance [Audio file]. Abbreviate the state name using the two-letter abbreviation. Place a colon after the location. For journals, magazines, newspapers, and other periodicals, Page 8
place the volume number after the title. Place the issue number in parentheses and do not italicize it. Afterwards, include page numbers. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 57 1, How to Structure the Publisher: The names of publishers are not necessary to include for newspapers, magazines, journals, and other periodicals. For books and other sources: It is not necessary to type out the name of the publisher exactly as it is shown on the source. Exclude the terms publishers, company, and incorporated. Little Brown and Company would be placed in the citation as: Oxford University Press would be placed in the citation as: How to Structure Online sources For sources found online: This stands for Direct Object Identifier. A DOI, or digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters assigned by a registration agency. The DOI is used to identify and provide a permanent link to its location on the internet. The DOI is assigned when an article is published and made electronically. Do not place a period after the DOI number. Open Praxis, 8 2, Looking for an APA formatter? When citing a book, keep in mind: Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles, as well as the first letter of any proper nouns. The full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be stated and italicized. Title of work [E-reader version]. The circle [Kindle version]. A DOI digital object identifier is an assigned number that helps link content to its location on the Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to use it when creating a citation. Notice that for e-books, publication information is excluded from the citation. Investment in early childhood development: Last name of Editor Ed. Archeological lessons from an Apache wickiup. Title of edited book. Citations for Websites Citing a general website article with an author: Year, Month Day published. Title of article or page. Retrieved from URL Example: The tale of two Flaccos. Year, Month Date of Publication. Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: Periodical Title, Volume Issue, pp. The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher Education and Special Education: Page 9
Chapter 7 : A Bluebook Guide for Law Students - Suffolk University JIBC Library: Legal Citation Guide APA does not provide specific guidance on citing Canadian case law and legislation. Generally speaking the "McGill Guide" is used as a guide, although you may find slight differences depending upon which sources you consult. Standard citation to a letter Anfinsen, Christian B. Letter with optional initials for author and recipient Reed W. Letter providing only initials for author and recipient Colt, P. Letter with a title for the recipient rather than a name Mayard, T. Department of State, Washington, DC. Secretary of War Washington, DC. Wells, Horace Hartford, CT. Abram Claude Annapolis, MD. Lybrook Young America, IN. Pina, Luciano Santiago, Chile. Arroyo de Veracruz [Mexico]. Moses Younglove Cornwall, CT. Letter with date estimated Bell, John [Edinburgh, Scotland]. Letter with numbered pages Kerr, J. Auston Chevy Chase, MD. Ramon Cordoba Palacio Medellin, Colombia. Biagio Michetelli Puglia, Italy. El Comerrio newsclipping written by Dr. Letter asking if Halsted could perform a hernia operation on the carpenter of the Army Medical Museum. Wheaton, Levi Providence, RI. Wheaton thanks Younglove for a cowpox sample and describes his experiments with smallpox. Montague for funds to support old nurses. Hennen, John Edinburgh, Scotland. Observations on the cure of syphilis without mercury. Chapter 8 : EasyBib: Free Bibliography Generator - MLA, APA, Chicago citation styles Citation Machineâ helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Cite sources in APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, and Harvard for free. Chapter 9 : Print Sources // Purdue Writing Lab The guide includes examples of citations and a comparison of software that can help with formatting citations. Canadian Legal Citation (Queen's University) This guide walks you through the basics of the Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, also known as the McGill Guide. Page 10