Professional Media over IP Networks An Introduction Peter Wharton Happy Robotz
SDI has been the backbone of video facilities for over 20 years
SDI has been the backbone of video facilities for over 20 years SDI signals are like freight trains Robust, Reliable & Affordable Standardized and Universally Interoperable Simple to troubleshoot linear signal flows Non-blocking Routing and Switching Deterministic, timed, essential for live production But Poor Scaling & Leveraging of Technology Advancements
Why the move to IP? Commoditization of hardware and cost savings IT industry development spend and rate of technology growth Unified facility infrastructure and technology Technology education and availability of skilled personnel Software-defined facilities and workflows Flexibility, adaptability, scalability
Video over the Internet has existed for almost as long as SDI Why can t we just leverage that technology?
An End-to-End Workflow DBS Internet Remote Production Fiber Network & Studios Master Local TV Station Station Master DBS Cable OTA Mobile Web Cable Broadcast ASTC Mobile ASTC 3.0 OTA Web Streaming Internet
An End-to-End Workflow Remote Production
An End-to-End Workflow Internet Remote Production Fiber Network & Studios Master
It s all about getting video from A to B Selecting the right tool for the job Compression Codec (or none) Transport Protocol
Codecs Baseband = uncompressed audio and video (SDI) Codec = COmpression + DECompression Codecs allow video and audio to be transported in less bandwidth s compress baseband video and audio before transmission IRDs (integrated receiver/decoder) decompress A/V to baseband There are several common codecs: MPEG2, MPEG4/H.264, HEVC/H.265, JPEG2000(J2K), VP9, AV1 Every codec has tradeoffs: quality, bandwidth utilization, latency and processing costs & symmetry,
Transport Protocols Transport protocols wrap video, audio and metadata streams much like file wrappers wrap video, audio and metadata essences Wrappers optimize the content for the underlying transport system: Packaging Packetizing Stream identifiers and other metadata Error concealment, correction and recovery capabilities (FEC/ARQ) Security, encryption and DRM Common transport protocols: HLS, MPEG-DASH, MPEG2 TS, uncompressed: SDI, ST 2022-6 and now ST 2110
Web Streaming (OTT) DBS Internet Remote Production Fiber Network & Studios Master Local TV Station Station Master DBS Cable OTA Mobile Web Cable Broadcast ASTC Mobile ASTC 3.0 OTA Web Streaming Internet
The Internet Was Not Invented for Video IT Switches are Like Traffic Circles Delivery is Best Effort Bandwidth is Not Guaranteed and Unpredictable Traffic is Bursty / Latencies are Variable Switches Get Congested Packets Get Reordered and Dropped
Goals of OTT Video Transport Make video work over the Internet Minimize Bandwidth Internet is unpredictable and costly Overcome Erratic and Uncontrollable Network Performance Minimize Receiver Processing and Costs Provide Expected Quality Trade off: Latency Answer: HLS & ABR
How do HLS and ABR and HLS work? Video is created as 10-second (typ.) file chunks Each chunk is created at several bitrates Receiver typically buffers 3 chunks (30 seconds) Receiver requests next chunk in program The speed at which the chunk arrives and the speed of buffer replenishment - determines which bitrate the receiver requests for the next chunk If a packet is dropped, the 3-chunk buffer provides enough time to request a resend This is not really streaming! It s essentially sequential file transfer with big buffers and latency
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Web Streaming 4K Web Streaming Common Transport: HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) Common Codec: H.264 encapsulated in MPEG2 TS Long GOP + resend (ARQ) NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Broadcast, Cable and Satellite Delivery DBS Internet Remote Production Fiber Network & Studios Master Local TV Station Station Master DBS Cable OTA Mobile Web Cable Broadcast ASTC Mobile ASTC 3.0 OTA Web Streaming Internet
OTA / Sat / Cable Common Transport: MPEG2 TS Common Codec: H.264 H.265 (UHD) Long GOP with FEC NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Backhaul (acquisition) DBS Internet Remote Production Fiber Network & Studios Master Local TV Station Station Master DBS Cable OTA Mobile Web Cable Broadcast ASTC Mobile ASTC 3.0 OTA Web Streaming Internet
Common Transport: MPEG2 TS over satellite +ARQ over Internet SDI over dark fiber Common Codec: H.264, H.265 (UHD) Long GOP with FEC J2K (Internet/Fiber) or uncompressed (SDI) Backhaul NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Multi-Camera Live Production DBS Internet Remote Production Fiber Network & Studios Master Local TV Station Station Master DBS Cable OTA Mobile Web Cable Broadcast ASTC Mobile ASTC 3.0 OTA Web Streaming Internet
Common Transport: SDI (uncompressed) IP: SVIP Common Codec: SDI: None IP: SVIP Live Production NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Web Streaming 4K Web Streaming OTA / Sat / Cable Backhaul Live Production NETWORK PERFORMANCE
SVIP (Studio Video / IP) Use IP Networks instead of SDI Unified facility infrastructure Support emerging formats (HDR+WCG, 8K, immersive, ) Challenges: Implement new technologies Leverage potential Build secure networks Utilize Best Practices Integrate broadcast & IT departments NETWORK PERFORMANCE
One last thing. SVIP IP switch fabrics are much more scalable than SDI routers Leaf and spine architectures enable scalable systems Spine 1 Spine 2 Network ler Leaf 1 Leaf 2 Leaf 3 Leaf 4 Leaf n Src Dst Dst Dst Src Dst Dst Dst Src Dst Dst Dst
Today s Schedule 9:00-9:10 9:10-9:30 9:30-10:30 Open and Welcome Peter Wharton SMPTE Membership VP An Introduction to Professional Media Over IP Networks Peter Wharton President Happy Robotz High Dynamic Range: Leverage The the Best Potential TV Picture of You ve IT Ever Seen John Humphrey VP, Business Development Hitachi Kokusai Electric America 11:00-12:00 12:00 1:00 2:00-3:00 3:00-4:00 BREAK Building Scalable Implement Facilities New using Technologies SMPTE ST 2110 John Mailhot CTO of Networking & Infrastructure Imagine Communications Implementation Realities Utilize and Best Best Practices Practices of IP and PTP Karl Kuhn Sr. Field Video Application Engineer Tektronix LUNCH BREAK Security for Professional Bulid Secure Media Networks Over Managed IP Networks Thomas Bause Mason Director of Standards Development SMPTE The People Side: Managing Integrate Broadcast Change and & Skills IT Transition John McCoskey Industry Executive Eagle Hill Consulting Press ESC for main menu