in the eyes of Europe Research Workshop, Beijing Report on media analysis from French-speaking Belgium
Introducing the media Papers: La Libre Belgique 54500 readers Le Soir TV: 96000 readers RTBF news broadcast Public service 700000 viewers
Part 1: Comparison between the different media 1. Volume of news Volume of News Average per week % of total La Libre Belgique 178 13,7 49,3 Le Soir 165 12,7 45,7 RTBF 18 1,4 5,0 Total 361 27,8 10 5% Vo lum e o f n ew s 46 % 49% La Libr e B elgiq ue Le S oir R TB F
2. Distribution of Sources La Libre Belgique International sources Domestic sources 30 16,5 124 68,1 Unsure / n/a 28 15,4 Total number of sources 182 10 8 La Libre Belgique Distribution of sources percentages Internationa l sources Domestic sources Unsure / n/a Le Soir International sources domestic sources 35 20,1 124 71,3 Unsure / n/a 15 8,6 Total number of sources 174 10 8 0,0 7 0,0 6 0,0 5 0,0 4 0,0 3 0,0 2 0,0 1 0,0 0,0 L e S o i r D is t r ib u t io n o f s o u r c e s p e r c e n t a g e s In te rn a t i o n a l s o u rc e s d o m e s ti c s o u r c e s U n s u re / n / a
2. Distribution of Sources RTBF International sources Domestic sources 0 18 10 Unsure / n/a 0 Total number of sources 18 10
2. Distribution of Sources La Libre Belgique Belga (Local news wire) Agence France Press (Non-local news wire) Percentage against total coverage of 9 2,5 28 7,6 La Libre Belqigue percentages of the most frequent news agencies against the total coverage of and its regional organisations 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Belga (Local news wire) Agence France Press (Non-local new s wire) Le Soir Belga (Local news wire) Agence France Press (Non-local news wire) Percentage against total coverage of 6 1,6 31 8,4 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Le Soir percentages of the most frequent news agencies against the total coverage of and its regional organisations Belga (Local news wire) Agence France Press (Non-local news wire)
3. Foci of Domesticity La Libre Belgique 3rd 35 19,7 30 16,9 Local 62 34,8 regional 51 28,7 Total 178 10 35,0 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 La Libre Belgique Focus of domesticity in percentages 3rd Local regional Le Soir 3rd 45 27,3 34 20,6 Local 53 32,1 regional 33 Total 165 10 3 5,0 3 2 5,0 2 15,0 1 5,0 Le Soir Focus of domesticity in percentages 3rd A sia Local regional
3. Foci of Domesticity RTBF RTBF Focus of domesticity in percentages 3rd 4 22,2 3 16,7 Local 9 5 regional 2 11,1 Total 18 10 5 3 1 3rd Local regional
4. Distribution of Degree of Centrality La Libre Belgique La Libre Belgique Distribution of degree of centrality in percentages Minor 135 75,8 Secondary 37 20,8 Main 6 3,4 Total 178 10 8 7 5 3 1 Minor Secondary Main Le Soir Percentage Le Soir Distribution of degree of centrality in percentages Minor 132 8 Secondary 28 17,0 Main 5 3,0 Total 165 10 9 8 7 5 3 1 Minor Secondary Main
4. Distribution of Degree of Centrality RTBF RTBF Distribution of degree of centrality in percentages Minor 12 66,7 Secondary 5 27,8 Main 1 5,6 Total 18 10 7 5 3 1 Minor Secondary Main
5. Distribution of evaluation La Libre Belgique La Libre Belgique distribution of evaluation in percentages Neutral 141 79,2 Positive 19 10,7 Negative 18 10,1 Total 178 10 9 8 7 5 3 1 Neutral Positive Negative Le Soir Le Soir distribution of evaluation in percentages Neutral 132 8 Positive 12 7,3 Negative 21 12,7 Total 165 10 10 8 Neutral Positive Negative
5. Distribution of evaluation RTBF RTBF distribution of evaluation in percentages Neutral 16 88,9 Positive 0 Negative 2 11,1 Total 18 10 10 9 8 7 5 3 1 Neutral Positive Negative
6. Framing La Libre Belgique La Libre Belgique frame in percentages Development 2 1,1 Economy 54 30,3 Environment 10 5,6 Social affairs 70 39,3 Politcs 42 23,6 Total 178 10 45,0 35,0 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 Development Economy EnvironmentSocial affairs Politcs
6. Framing Le Soir Le Soir frame in percentages Development 1 0,6 Economy 42 23,6 Environment 9 5,1 Social affairs 75 42,1 45,0 35,0 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 Development Economy EnvironmentSocial affairs Politcs Politcs 38 21,3 Total 165 92,7
6. Framing RTBF Development 0 Economy 2 11,1 Environment 1 5,6 5 3 RTBF frame in percentages Social affairs 6 33,3 Politcs 9 5 1 Developmentf Economy EnvironmentSocial affairs Politcs Total 18 10
7. Frame Economy La Libre Belgique Economy subframe State of Economy 4 7,4 Agriculture 0 Trade 2 3,7 Industry 30 55,6 5 3 1 Economy subframe La Libre Belgique in percentages Business/Finance 17 31,5 Energy 1 1,9 Regional Integration 0 State of Economy Agriculture Trade Industry Business/Finance Energy Regional Integration Total 54 10
7. Frame Economy Le Soir Economy subframe State of Economy 4 9,5 Economy subframe Le Soir in percentages Agriculture 0 Trade 1 2,4 Industry 26 61,9 Business/Finance 11 26,2 Energy 0 7 5 3 1 State of Economy Agriculture Trade Industry Business/Finance Energy Regional Integration Regional Integration 0 Total 42 10
8. Actor representation La Libre Belgique Actor Representati on 159 84,6 South 5 2,7 South East 9 4,8 East 1 0,5 North East 1 0,5 Central 9 4,8 -Pacific 3 1,6 Eurasia 1 0,5 Total number of actors 188 10 9 8 7 5 3 1 La Libre Belgique actor representation in percentages South South East East North East Central - Pacific Eurasia
8. Actor representation Le Soir Actor Representati on Percen tages 138 81,7 Le Soir actor representation in percentages South 3 1,8 South East 9 5,3 East 0 North East 0 Central 16 9,5 -Pacific 3 1,8 9 8 7 5 3 1 South South East East North East Central - Pacific Eurasia Eurasia 0 Total number of actors 169 10
8. Actor representation RTBF actor representation 16 88,9 South 1 5,6 South East 0 East 0 North East 0 Central 0 -Pacific 0 Eurasia 1 5,6 Total number of news items 18 10
8. Actor representation La Libre Belgique actor representat ion ASEAN 3 1,7 ASEM 25 14,0 APEC 3 1,7 n Development Bank Total number of news items 1 0,6 178 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 1 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 La Libre Belgique actor representation in percentages ASEAN ASEM APEC n Development Bank
8. Actor representation Le Soir actor representati on ASEAN 1 0,6 ASEM 19 11,5 APEC 1 0,6 n Development Bank Total number of news items 0 165 12,7 14,0 12,0 1 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 Le Soir actor represenation in percentages ASEAN ASEM APEC n Development Bank
8. Actor representation RTBF actor representati on ASEAN 0 ASEM 6 33,3 APEC 0 n Development Bank Total number of news items 0 18 33,3
9. Metaphors Le Soir La Libre Belgique RTBF 1. represents growth (Emergence of n markets, n Economic growth) 2. Europe is often seen as "in competition" with (mostly in an economic context) 1. represents growth (Emergence of n markets, n Economic growth) 2. Europe is often seen as "in competition" with (mostly in an economic context) 3. Positive movement (pulling, pushing...): n markets are often sees as stimulating European markets to a higher level Too little metaphors
Part 2: Comparison by frame 1. Volume of frames Volume of frames in percentages Politics 89 24,7 Economy 98 27,1 Social Affairs 151 41,8 Environment 20 5,5 Development 3 0,8 45,0 35,0 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 Politics Economy Social Affairs Environment Development Total 361 10
2. Distribution of Sources Political vs Economic frame Political frame International sources domestic sources 10 10,9 72 78,3 Unsure / n/a 10 10,9 Total number of sources 92 10 9 8 7 5 3 1 Political frame distribution of sources in percentages International sources domestic sources Unsure / n/a Economic frame Economic frame distribution of sources in percentages International sources 28 28,3 7 domestic sources 65 65,7 5 3 Unsure / n/a 6 6,1 Total number of sources 99 10 1 International sources domestic sources Unsure / n/a
2. Distribution of Sources Political vs Economic frame Political frame Percentage against total political coverage of Political frame percentages of the most frequent news agencies against the total coverage of and its regional organisations 12,0 Belga 4 4,5 1 8,0 6,0 Agence France Press 4,0 2,0 9 10,1 Belga (Local news wire) Agence France Press (Non-local news wire) Economic frame number s Percentage against total political coverage of Belga 4 4,1 Agence France Press 28 28,6 Economic frame percentages of the most frequent news agencies against the total coverage of and its regional organisations 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 Belga (Local news wire) Agence France Press (Non-local news wire)
3. Focus of domesticity Political vs Economic frame Political frame 3rd 10 11,2 25 28,1 Local 26 29,2 regional 28 31,5 Total 89 10 Economic Frame 3rd 28 28,6 4 4,1 Local 38 38,8 regional 28 28,6 Total 98 10 35,0 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 5 3 1 Political frame focus of domesticity in percentages 3r d Loca l region al Economic frame focus of domesticity in percentage 3rd Local regional
4. Distribution of degree of centrality Political vs Economic frame Political frame Minor 62 69,7 Secondary 24 27,0 Main 3 3,4 Total 89 10 8 7 5 3 1 Political frame distribution of degree of centrality in percentages Minor Secondary Main Economic frame Minor 81 82,7 Secondary 16 16,3 Main 1 1,0 Total 98 10 9 8 7 5 3 1 Economic frame distribution of degree of centrality in percentages Minor Secondary Main
5. Distribution of evaluation Political vs Economic frame Political frame Political frame distribution of evaluation in percentages Neutral 67 75,3 Positive 3 3,4 Negative 19 21,3 Total 89 10 8 Neutral Positive Negative Economic frame Economic frame distribution of evaluation in percentages Neutral 70 71,4 Positive 24 24,5 Negative 4 4,1 Total 98 10 8 Neutral Positive Negative
5. Distribution of evaluation Political vs Economic frame Economic frame local regional total percentage positive 12 10 22 33,3 negative 1 1 2 3,0 neutral 25 17 42 63,6 total 38 28 66 10 33.3% of the local and regional articles are positive Only 3% is negative 91.7% of the positive articles in the frame economy are regional or local (22 out of 24) is considered to have a positive economic impact on Belgium and Europe
6. Subframe analysis Political frame Political subframe Internal 21 23,6 10 8 Political subframe in percentages External 68 76,4 Total 89 10 Internal External
7. Subsubframe analysis Political frame, subframe internal Political frame, subframe internal Percen tages Elections Kyrgyzstan 3 14,3 5 3 Political frame, subframe internal in percentages Terrorism 2 9,5 1 repressive regime of Myanmar Japan-China relations 3 14,3 2 9,5 El ecti ons Kyr gyzstan Terr or ism repressi ve regi me of Myanmar Japan-China rel ations Others Others 11 52,4 Total 21 10
7. Subsubframe analysis Political frame, subframe external Political frame, subframe external number s Percentag es ASEM 24 35,3 Belgian Political Crisis EU-China Relations Obama's n tour 4 5,9 6 8,8 3 4,4 35,0 3 25,0 15,0 1 5,0 ASEM Political frame, subframe external in percentages Belgian EU-China Obama's Political Relations n Crisis tour G20 summit EU-US summit in Lisbon terrorist threat others G20 summit 3 4,4 EU-US summit in Lisbon 2 2,9 terrorist threat 2 2,9 others 24 35,3 Total 68 10
8. Actor representation Political vs Economic frame Political frame 70 76,9 South 2 2,2 Political frame actor representation in percentages South East 3 3,3 East 2 2,2 North East 0 10 8 South South East East North East Central - Pacific Eurasia Central 11 12,1 -Pacific 2 2,2 Eurasia 1 1,1 Total number of news items 91 10
8. Actor representation Political vs Economic frame Economic frame Percentag es 85 85,0 Economy frame distribution of actors in percentages South 2 2,0 South East 3 3,0 East 0 North East 0 5 3 1 South South East East North East Central - Pacific Eurasia Central 6 6,0 -Pacific 4 4,0 Eurasia 0 Total number of news items 100 10
8. Actor representation Political vs Economic frame Political frame ASEAN 4 4,5 ASEM 41 46,1 APEC 4 4,5 n Developm ent Bank Total number of news items 1 1,1 89 56,2 Political frame actor representation in percentages Economic frame ASEAN 0 ASEM 1 1,0 APEC 0 n Development Bank Total number of news items 0 98 1,0 5 3 1 ASEAN ASEM APEC n Development Bank
9. Metaphores Political vs Economic frame Political frame 1. Relations. For example: les liens entre l' Europe et l'asie 2. Growth. For example: l' ASEM n a cessé de grandir Economic frame 1. Growth. For example: La croissance asiatique 2. Size. For example: Le géant tique 3. Competition. For example: talonné par la concurrence asiatique.
as an economic, consuming power Forever 21 opens new store in Illustrating China s rising economic power La Libre Belgique (O3/09/2010), ZSHIZUO KAMBAYASHI/AP La Libre Belgique (25/09/2010), WU HONG/EPA
as an economic, consuming power Cartoon implying that is standing on equal footing with the West in the field of economy Chinese entrepreneur Li Shufu is interested in taking over Belgian car factories La Libre Belgique (01/10/2010) Vince@cartoonbase.com Le Soir (07/10/2010), ER IC DEMURIE/BELGA
as a rising political power Birman minister of Foreign affairs posing between European statesmen European and n statesmen posing at ASEM in Brussels La Libre Belgique (O7/10/2010), Be lga Le Soir (05/10/2010), AFP
as a rising political power Prime ministers of Belgium and South Korea Le Soir (05/10/2010), GOBLET/AFP
as a third world continent Tibetan refugee in Belgium Victims of the floods in Pakistan La Libre Belgique, 02/09/2010, ALEXIS HAULOT Ruins left behind by the Tsunami (2005) in South Le Soir (25/10/2010), Doctors without borders La Libre Belgique (07/09/2010), KEVIN FR AYER/AP
Thank you for your attention!