Cable Television in Japan Evolution to 4K and IP Japan Cable Laboratories ITU Workshop The Future of TV for the Americas 26 November 2018 Bogota, Colombia
Japanese Cable Television The first Japanese cable television station began operation in 1955, two years after Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) started television broadcasting, to retransmit NHK programs to a spring resort 150 kilometers north of Tokyo. As of March 2018, cable television reaches 52.6% of Japanese households, with 31.2 million subscribers (households). Cable Television Channels News, sports, movies, etc Retransmission Terrestrial TV and Broadcasting Satellite (BS) Community Channel Local programming by Cable TV stations Cable TV Station Video On Demand TV Station Fiscal year 2017 Number of Commercial Operators: 291 Total Commercial Revenues: 503.1 billion JYen Internet & IP Telephony 2
Yearly Increase of Cable Television Subscribers 10K households Penetration % 3500 3250 3000 2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 17 式 20 RF IP :RF Multicast 方式 Penetration Penetration (RF) :IP マルチキャスト方 : 普及率 : 普及率 (RFのみ) 35.9 33.2 31.1 26.8 1788 21.8 1654 1514 1300 38.2 38 10 1913 40.6 40.3 17 2061 42.9 42.3 23 2194 44.9 44 46 2301 48 46.7 70 2471 50.4 48.8 90 2602 51.6 51.8 51.5 52.2 52.3 52.3 52.6 49.6 50 49.8 50.4 50.6 50.7 51 109 97 101 96 94 91 98 2767 2817 2852 2885 2930 2656 2707 50 40 30 20 1000 750 500 789 943 1044 10 250 0 0 10 1998 年度 11 年度 12 2000 年度 13 年度 14 2002 年度 15 年度 16 2004 年度 17 年度 18 2006 年度 19 年度 2008 年度 21 年度 22 2010 年度 23 年度 24 年度 25 2013 年度 26 年度 27 2015 年度 28 年度 29 2017 年度 平成 22 年度までの統計値は 自主放送を行う旧許可施設及び旧電気通信役務利用放送法の登録を受けた者の設備 ( 旧有線役務利用放送設備 ) の加入世帯数 普及率の推移 (Mar 2018) (Source: MIC) Fiscal year 3
Yearly Increase of Cable Television Revenue 100 Million JYen 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Total revenue (incl. telecom revenue ) Cable TV revenue Operating costs Operating revenue 8,320 9,088 9,238 10,358 10,567 12,520 12,853 13,538 7,101 7,399 6,534 5,812 4,807 5,061 4,746 4,257 4,667 5,134 5,437 5,177 4,930 5,030 4,975 5,003 5,031 3,076 3,330 3,533 3,850 4,050 4,883 4,757 4,364 4,3094,623 4,474 4,607 4,468 4,468 4,492 2,956 3,057 3,244 3,467 3,762 120 272 288 383 288 382 358 511 555 420 456 423 507 535 539 2002 H14 H15 2003 H16 2004 H17 2005 H18 2006 H19 2007 H20 2008 H21 2009 H22 2010 H23 2011 H24 2012 H25 2013 H26 2014 H27 2015 H28 (Fiscal) (Source: MIC) 4
Broadband Services Subscribers (10k subscribers) Fixed Broadband FTTH DSL CATV internet 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 3,964 3,980 4,001 4,022 4,025 4,055 4,073 4,104 4,149 4,185 4,178 4,205 4,230 4,236 4,260 4,279 2,565 2,593 2,630 2,656 2,699 2,724 2,752 2,782 2,829 2,862 2,895 2,925 2,963 2,985 3,007 3,030 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 424 407 392 623 624 631 643 661 665 671 673 679 682 686 685 689 690 691 689 375 358 343 332 320 310 299 288 251 241 233 224 215 2014.6 2014.9 2014.12 2015.3 2015.6 2015.9 2015.12 2016.3 2016.6 2016.9 2016.12 2017.3 2017.6 2017.9 2017.12 2018.3 (Source: MIC) 5
4K 6
Cable TV Telco Broadcasters Overview of 4K/8K Services in Japan Terrestrial Broadcasting Satellite 110 E Commun. Satellite 110 E CS124 /128 Overview of 4K/8K Services in 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 RHCP:Right-Hand Circular Polarization LHCP:Left-Hand Circular Polarization March 2015 Aug 2016 Japan Experimental 4K/8K (ch.17) Apr 2017 Sky Perfect TV 4K (Commercial Service) Experimental 4K (JCSAT-110A LHCP) Research Dec 2018 Commercial 4K8K (RHCP & LHCP) Commercial 4K (LHCP) NTT Plala IP VoD/Linear AcTVila IP VoD Oct 2014 Nov 2015 Hikari TV 4K IP-VOD 4K IP-Linear Dec 2014 4K AcTVila 3 Cable TV 4K Mar 2017 BS ch.17 Retransmission Dec 2018 4K8K Satellite Retransmission Advanced Cable Dec 2015 Cable 4K (RF) Apr 2016 Cable 4K (IP) Cable TV 4K IP VOD Cable TV 4K RF VOD May 2015 Apr 2016 Milplus 4K J:COM On Demand : The Association for Promotion of Advanced Broadcasting Services : Japan Cable and Telecommunications Association 7
Shipment of 4K TV in Japan (k units) Source: Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA) 4K TV shipped (Cumulative) % of household with 4K TV (of 52 mil. household) 8
Retransmission of 4K8K Satellite service Japanese Broadcasting Satellite (BS) will start carrying 4K and 8K channels, starting December 1, 2018 Many of those programming will be retransmitted by cable operators throughout Japan Broadcasters 256QAM 256QAM 64QAM E/O Cable HE HFC FTTH Cable Access Lines V-ONU *4K STB HDMI 4K/8K 4K 8K 4K TV *8K STB not available yet This retransmission will benefit cable operators because:- 4 million 4K panel TV sets have been sold in Japan, but they cannot receive this 4K DTH services which use new technology Consumers with such 4K panel TVs will have to use either a new satellite receiver, or a new cable STB 9
JLabs 3 rd Generation STB 4K UHDTV Multidevice Remote Viewing on the road 3 rd Gen STB Remote control EPG Personalized Portal Mirroring Services for and in collaboration with tablets and smartphones 10
4K services supported by 3 rd Gen. STB RF/IP Service CAS/DRM Multiplexing HDR RF IP Cable 4K Multi2 (64 bit) MPEG-2 TS Advanced Cable ACAS (AES128*) MPEG-2 TS HLG** Satellite 4K Re-transmission ACAS (AES128*) MMT: MPEG Media Transport (ISO/IEC 23008) Cable 4K IP Marlin (AES128) MPEG-2 TS Video on Demand Multiple DRM based on CENC (Common Encryption Scheme) (ITU-T J.1005/1006) MPEG-2 TS * In compliance with MovieLabs (United States) specification for Enhanced Content Protection (ECP) **Hybrid Log Gamma (ITU-R BT.2100) HLG** 11
Migration to IP 12
IP Multicast in Japan IP Multicast services yet to take off in Japan, especially in cable TV. 10k households 3500 RF IP Multicast 3250 90 109 98 97 101 96 94 91 3000 2750 70 2500 46 2250 2471 2000 2301 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2602 2656 2707 2767 2817 2852 2885 2930 (Source: MIC Japan 2017) Most of the 1 million IP multicast subscribers above are actually belong to Telco (NTT and KDDI). Currently only a few cable operators provide IP multicast IP retransmission of 4K/8K satellite services may change this situation 13
IPTV IPTV vs. Internet TV In Japan, IPTV and Internet TV is not the same... Transmitted over quality managed IP network by means of Priority control, or Fixed bandwidth assignment Video and audio quality equivalent to RF Broadcasting Special case of IPTV which makes use of IP multicast is called IP Broadcasting Internet TV Transmitted over open internet (best effort network) Video and audio quality subject to network conditions such as congestion In most cases, unicast is used 14
Classification of Broadcasting over IP Managed IP Network (Quality equivalent to RF broadcast) Retransmission IPTV IP Broadcasting Hikari TV (NTT plala) DTV & Satellite Linear Services Cable channels Hikari TV au Hikari (KDDI) Cable 4K IP Non-Linear Services (such as VOD) Hikari TV video Open Internet (Best Effort) Internet TV NHK World TV DAZN Abema TV Hikari TV Netflix Hulu Milplus Amazon Youtube TVer NOD (NHK) Cable services (Definition by Japanese Ministry) 15
Those watching Internet TV on TV sets spend less hours watching ordinary TV programs People who watch IP video in addition to TV programs spend more time doing so than those who just watch TV programs However, the former spend 34 minutes less to watch TV programs than the latter (min/day) 200 100 0 MINUTES SPENT ON WATCHING TV AND VIDEO USING TV SETS 15.4 11.8 14.8 1.8 3.9 16.8 42.8 97.9 People who watch both TV and Video 34 min 6.7 45.7 128.9 6.1 People who watch TV only Game DVD/Blue Ray YouTube & like Free video TVOD SVOD Recorded TV On-air TV Source: MIC committee paper (http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000534315.pdf) 16
Increase of OTT Subscribers in Japan The increasing number of OTT subscribers will affect TV viewing on cable television ( Unit 万契約 of 10k ) 1,200 Estimated number of OTT Subscribers in Japan 2,852 ( Unit 万契約 of 10k ) 3,000 2,580 1,000 2,280 1,016 2,500 合計 Total OTT 874 800 1,853 785 750 715 1,675 625 665 703 585 600 545 510 1,249 1,502 400 200 0 457 977 400 370 377 259 337 238 303 255 235 217 215 160 195 174 226 243 175 155 205 135 115 113 117 128 143 158 173 125 139 157 176 100 50 65 75 2015 29 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Amazon Prime Video 2,000 dtv 1,500 Netflix 1,000 Hulu TVer 500 U-Next 0 17 Source)Ovum WTVIS ( as of November 2017) 17
May-04 Oct-04 Mar-05 Aug-05 Jan-06 Jun-06 Nov-06 Apr-07 Sep-07 Feb-08 Jul-08 Dec-08 May-09 Oct-09 Mar-10 Aug-10 Jan-11 Jun-11 Nov-11 Apr-12 Sep-12 Feb-13 Jul-13 Dec-13 May-14 Oct-14 Mar-15 Aug-15 Jan-16 Jun-16 Nov-16 Apr-17 Sep-17 Feb-18 Increase of broadband traffic per subscribers (kbps) 350.0 (3.4GB per day) 316.9 300.0 +28% 276.3 250.0 247.7 212.9 200.0 179.5 150.0 Download traffic 119.9 145.7 100.0 50.0 0.0 80.0 72.0 64.7 53.8 10.6 12.1 12.7 13.3 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.4 19.5 21.6 24.8 26.3 22.2 20.9 20.1 18.3 18.6 18.8 21.9 23.2 25.0 25.5 12.1 13.9 16.9 17.5 19.0 21.0 23.2 25.0 27.2 31.0 35.6 37.9 37.0 39.9 44.0 45.8 48.9 97.6 34.6 28.4 37.8 46.6 37.8 43.0 28.2 Upload traffic (Source: MIC Japan) 18
Partnership with OTT providers OTT is doing some harm to cable operators, but they can co-operate with OTT in various ways such as: Reselling Incorporating OTT channels into cable channels (Unified EPG) Charging cable subscribers use of OTT services on behalf of OTT providers 19
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