CITATION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY DURING

Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 431-449 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ CITATION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY DURING 2008-2017 1 A.RUBINANDHINI, 2 DR. P. GOMATHI 1 Ph.D. Research Scholar, DLIS,Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamilnadu, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Library and Information Science Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamilnadu, India. 1 jarubi22@gmail.com, 2 gomathi148@gmail.com Abstract Citation analysis is taken to mean the analysis of the citation or references, which form part of the article in the journal. The main objectives of the citation analysis are to evaluate and to interpret citation received by articles, authors, institutions and other aggregates of scientific activities. The present study focused on the citation analysis of International Journal of Medical Microbiology during 2008-2017. The data were downloaded from the Web of Science database. The maximum number of published in the year 2012 and the records were 575. The degree of collaboration ranges from 0.95 to 1 and the average degree of collaboration is 1.04. The single authors Vs multiple authors in the International Journal of Medical Microbiology during the period of 2008 to 2017. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation analysis, International journal of Medical Microbiology, hip pattern, Web of Science, Bibexcel. 1.1 Introduction Bibliometric is of recent relatively a new one, which has emerged as a research front in its own right in information science. It is now being vigorously pursued and with the result, it has been found that onefourth of all the articles published in library and Information Science periodicals are on bibliometric and its related topics. It has also been found that many of the Social Science and Science periodicals are also carrying a large number of articles on bibliometrics. 431

1.2 Bibliometric The Bibliometric study is a quantitative study of various aspects of literature on a particular topic and is used to identify the pattern of publication authorship, citation and or secondary journal coverage with the objective of getting an insight into the dynamics of the growth of knowledge in the area under consideration. Bibliometric has gained significance in recent years, because of its practical application in different library operations and services. It is estimated that out of total periodical literature published in library and information science at the global level 25% are on bibliometric studies. Web of Science Web of Science (Previously known as Web of Knowledge) in an online subscription-based scientific citation indexing service originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) now maintained by Clarivate Analytics (Previously the Intellectual Property and science business of Thomson Reuters), that provides a comprehensive citation. About the Journal The International Journal of Medical Microbiology, formerly the Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on microbiology published by Elsevier. Journal Former names Published by Established : International Journal of Medical Microbiology : Zentrabatt fur Bakteriologie : Elsevier : 1887 (Friedrich Loeffer) Impact factor : 4.173 (2011) Editor Frequency Citation index : Jorg Hacker : Year/ one volume (8 issues) : Web of Science REVIEW OF LITERATURE Nosheen Fatima Warr Nosheen Fatima Warraich & Sajjad (2016) this study evaluates Pakistan Journal of Library and Information Science (PJLIS) is an HEC recognized journal published by the Department of Library and Information Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore. A total of 111 432

publications from 11 issues of PJLIS was published during 1995 to 2010. It has an outstanding contribution to the dissemination of LIS research on the national and international level as it publishes both in print and electronic format. A bibliometric analysis of contributions published in the PJLIS from 1995 to 2010 has been presented in this paper. An attempt has been made to study all 11 issues of this journal on the basis of different parameters, viz., author productivity, extent of authors collaboration, authors institutional affiliation, authors geographic affiliation, type of publication, language of papers, number of citations used per article, length of papers, and year-wise distribution of papers. Ansal, A. (2013) in these studies evaluate DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology (DJLIT), formerly known as DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, is a peer-reviewed, open access, the bimonthly journal. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the journal to assess the pattern of growth of the research output published in the journal, pattern of authorship and geographic distribution of output, subjects covered and citation analysis of the references attached to the papers and change them over two different periods (2001-2006) and (2007-2012). It is found that 391 papers were published during the period of study (2001-2012). The maximum number of articles (65) was published in 2012. Ipsita Panda, Bulu Maharana, Durllav Charan Chhatar(2013) this paper analyses, publication and citation patterns in the Journal of Information Literacy (JIL) an open access journal from 2007-2012. The results show that the number of research articles 68 (51.9%) is highest among other types of publications such as book reviews 36 (27.49), conference papers 27 (20.61%), etc. The majority of contributions 94 (71.75%) emanating from the UK and other countries have a very meager contribution. Almost all the papers 124 (94.65%) are from academic institutions and a very few papers 7 (5.35) are from non-academic institutions. The citations demonstrated that individual research 90 (68.7%) is much higher than collaborative research. Baby, K., & Kumaravel, J. P. S. (2012) the study examined bibliometric analysis of relative growth rate and the priority index of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology. The period from 2006 to 2010 are taken for this present study. The study covers the publication output, Relative growth rate and doubling times of the productivity, Subject-wise productivity, Priority and specialization index, hip Pattern and Degree of collaboration. Thanuskodi, S. (2012) the paper brings out the results of a bibliometric analysis of the journal titled "Indian Journal of Agricultural Research" for the period from 2001 to 2010. The data were downloaded from the journal's website. This study aims at analyzing the research output performance of agricultural scientists on 433

agricultural science subjects. The analysis covers mainly the number of articles, authorship pattern, subject wise distribution of articles, average number of references per articles, forms of documents cited, year wise distribution of cited journals etc. Research Design The Structure of the research design is analytical that adopt the detailed analysis of secondary data using a range of bibliometric and scientometric tools, techniques and formula along with standard statistical techniques. Objectives of the Study To identify the year of publication To find out the Relative Growth Rates and Doubling Time To identify the language wise publication To find out the type of document wise publication To analysis of authorship pattern To examine the year wise authorship pattern To identify the year wise degree of collaboration To find out the average keywords To study the Country collaboration Methodology and Limitation of the Study The required data were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database for the period 2008 to 2017. It can be seen that nearly 3107 bibliographic records of contribution in the field of International Journal of Medical Microbiology over the period of 10 years. The researcher applied the search strings "International Journal of Medical Microbiology" that has used for the data extraction from the database of SCI, SSCI, and A&HCI to download the records based on the above strings. A total of 3107 records were downloaded and analyzed by using the Bibexcel software applications as per the objectives of the study. This research study explores the growth rate and relative growth level during the study period. The study aims to analyze the thrust areas of research concentration on International Journal of Medical Microbiology research. It is analytical in nature with the suitable statistical tools, applications in strengthening the empirical validity. Application of Statistical tools The researcher has applied percentage analysis and average score analysis and applied the following statistical tools: 434

Relative Growth Rate Doubling Time for the Publications Degree of Collaboration Relative Growth Rate (RGR) The relative growth rate is the increase in the number of publications/pages per unit of time. Here, one year is taken as the unit of time. The mean relative growth rate R (1-2) over a specified period of interval can be calculated from the following equation suggested by Mahapatra R (1-2) = W2 - W1/T2-T1 Where, R = Mean relative growth rate over the specific period of interval W1 = log w1 (Natural log of initial number of publications/ pages) W2 = log w2 (Natural log of initial number of publications/pages) T2-T1 = Unit difference between the initial time and final time. Therefore, 3.5.2 Doubling Time A direct equivalence exists between the relative growth rate and doubling time. If the number of publications/pages on a subject doubles during a given period, then the difference between the logarithms of the numbers at the beginning and at the end of the period must be the logarithms of the number 2. This difference has a value of 0.693. Thus, the corresponding doubling time for publication, and pages can be calculated by the following formula Doubling Time (Dt) = 0.693/R Therefore, Doubling time for publications Dt (a) = 0.693/R (a) The Degree of Collaboration The degree of collaboration is defined as the ratio of the number of collaborative research papers to the total number of research papers in the discipline during a certain period of time. The formula suggested by Subramanyam is used. It is expressed as 435

DC=Nm/Nm+Ns Where, C is the degree of collaboration in a discipline. Nm is the number of multi-authored research papers in the discipline published during a year. Ns is the number of single-authored papers in the discipline published during the same year. Using this formula, the degree of collaboration is determined. Bibexcel Bibexcel is toolbox developed by Olle Persson from Umea University (Sweden). This software is designed to assist a user in analyzing bibliographic data, or any data of a textual nature formatted in a similar manner. The idea is to generate data files that can be imported into Excel or any program that takes tabulated data records, for further processing. This toolbox includes a number of tools, some of them visible in the window and others hide behind the menus. Many of the tools can be used in combination to achieve the desired result. Pajek Pajek developed by Vladimir Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar. This is freely available Software Program run on Windows. Pajek is able to execute various kinds of network analysis and visualization activities. Data analysis and Interpretations This chapter deals with the analytical part of the thesis for the framed with databases, Bibexcel Citation Index from the Web of Science database. Analytical tools such as the relative growth rate of the continents and the doubling time for research output in the area of International Journal of Medical Microbiology are used. Table 1 Year of publications Year Records Cumulative records % Cumulative % 2008 557 557 17.92 17.92 2009 497 1054 15.99 33.91 2010 81 1135 02.60 36.51 2011 517 1652 16.6 53.11 2012 575 2227 18.50 71.61 436

2013 489 2716 15.73 87.34 2014 142 2853 04.57 91.91 2015 121 2979 03.89 95.8 2016 78 3057 02.51 98.31 2017 50 3107 01.60 100 Total 3107 100 This table denotes that the year wise output of International Journal of Medical Microbiology at world level from 2008 to 2017. From the tables, we could clearly see the there are about 3107 total outputs brought out by the bibliometric on the International Journal of Medical Microbiology the year wise analyses indicate the increasing trend. The maximum numbers of articles published in the year of 2012 records were 575 (18.50%), the second place of published articles in the year 2008 were 557 (17.92%),and the third place of an article published in the year 2011 records were 517(16.6%) The least records of the total output in the year 2017, records were 50 (01.60%) respectively. Figure 4.1 Year of publication Table 2 Relative Growth Rate (R(C)) and Doubling Time (DT) for citations Year Records Cumulative Log 1 Log 2 R(C) Mean(R(C) Dt(c) Mean Dt(c) 2008 557 557-6.32 - - 2009 497 1054 6.32 6.96 0.64 1.08 2010 81 1135 6.96 7.03 0.07 0.276 9.9 3.032 2011 517 1652 7.03 7.40 0.37 1.87 2012 575 2227 7.40 7.70 0.3 2.31 437

2013 489 2716 7.70 7.90 0.2 3.46 2014 142 2853 7.90 7.95 0.05 13.86 2015 121 2979 7.95 7.99 0.04 0.068 17.32 2016 78 3057 7.99 8.02 0.03 23.1 2017 50 3107 8.02 8.04 0.02 34.65 18.473 The Relative Growth Rate and Doubling Time of publications were given in the above table. It can notice that the Relative Growth Rate of publication decrease from the rate of 0.64 in 2008 to 0.02 in the year 2017. The mean relative growth for the first five years (i.e. 2008 to 2012) showed a growth rate of 0.276 whereas the mean relative growth rate for the last five years (i.e. 2013-2017) reduced to 0.068 The corresponding Doubling Time for different years gradually increased from 1.08 in 2009 to 34.65 in 2017. The mean Doubling Time first five years (i.e. 2008-2012) was only 3.032 which were increased to 18.473 during the last five years (i.e. 2013-2017). Thus, as rate of growth of publication was decreased the corresponding Doubling Time was increased. Table 3 Languages wise distribution Name of the Language Records Cumulative Records % Cumulative % English 3105 3105 99.94 99.93 German 2 3107 0.06 100 Total 3107 100 These table 3 highlights on the language wise distribution of reach output given by International Journal of Medical Microbiology the overall period covers 2 different languages. The majority of bibliometric publishing their reserved output in the English language was 3105 (99.94%) followed by German 2 (0.06%) records. 438

Figure 3.1 Language wise distributions Table 4 Document type Publications Name of the Documents Records Cumulative Records % Cumulative % Meeting Abstract 2235 2235 71.93 71.93 Article 623 2858 20.05 91.98 Review 157 3015 05.05 97.03 Article; Proceedings Paper 66 3081 02.12 99.15 Editorial Material 18 3099 0.57 99.72 Correction 7 3106 0.22 99.94 Letter 1 3107 0.03 100 Total 3107 100 The result of the analysis of the type of documents showed that the documents were in seven different forms. The maximum record of Meeting Abstract observed more than 2235 (71.93%) of output performance. The form of Article stands to be the second position with 623 (20.05%) over the study period. The form of Review stands to be third position with 157 (05.05%) over the study period. The form of Article; Proceeding Paper stands to be fourth position with 66 (02.12%) over the study period. The Editorial Material stands to be fifth position with 18 (0.57%) over the study period. The Correction stands to be sixth position with 7 (0.22%) over the study period.the least position forms observed from the study are letter it has shown 1(0.03%). Table 5 hip pattern S.no No. of. Records Cumulative Records % Cumulative % 1 Single Author 116 116 03.73 03.73 2 Two 216 332 06.95 10.68 3 Three 400 732 12.87 23.55 4 Four 551 1283 17.73 41.28 5 Five 506 1789 16.28 57.56 6 Six 420 2209 13.51 71.07 7 Seven 317 2526 10.20 81.27 8 Eight 201 2727 06.46 87.73 9 Nine 141 2868 04.53 92.26 439

10 Ten 82 2950 02.63 94.89 11 > Ten 157 3107 05.05 100 Total 3107 100 The total numbers of articles were collected from Web of Science database during the year the total number record was 3107. From bibliometric analysis, authorship productivity obtained an important role of work. Here analyses more than ten authors of this study. The number of articles was produced by multi authors. Four authors contribute more paper in this study with 551(17.73%).The second most contributed records by five authors with 506(16.28%). Third position by six authors record with 420(13.51%), followed by the record 317(10.20%) by seven authors, followed by three author contribute 400(12.87%) record, lowest number of papers was published by ten authors with 82(02.63%). Table 6 Year wise authorship pattern No. of. Single Author Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total % 25 13 15 14 39 18 5 2 - - 131 4.21 27 37 15 47 78 28 12 7 3 1 255 8.20 87 75 16 60 24 52 9 11 9 6 349 11.23 111 108 9 91 95 91 20 15 7 4 551 17.73 92 96 7 86 103 71 12 24 9 4 504 16.22 73 64 5 82 86 65 18 10 10 6 419 13.48 52 42 3 53 55 66 10 13 14 6 314 10.10 43 24 4 29 36 31 14 12 5 5 203 6.53 26 15 2 17 27 27 14 8 3 4 143 4.60 440

Ten 11 9 4 17 9 9 9 5 5 3 81 2.60 >Ten 10 14 1 21 23 31 19 14 13 11 157 5.05 Total 557 497 81 517 575 489 142 121 78 50 3107 100 The author productivity of international journal of medical microbiology during the 2008 to 2017, the highest amount of researcher in the year of 2008 by four authors 111 records. This followed by 108 records were produced by four authors from 2009, 103 records were formed by five authors from 2012 respectively. The lowest level of output is observed in the year 2017 by two authors and followed by the year 2010 by above ten authors the record were 1. Among the year wise contribution of authorship productivity is 551 records by four authors, followed by the records 504 by five authors, followed by the records 419 by six authors got third position. The minimum number of records was found by ten authors the records are 81. Table 7 Year wise Degree of collaboration Years Single Author Multiple Author Total (NS) (NM) (NS+NM) DC 2008 25 532 557 0.95 2009 13 484 497 0.97 2010 15 66 81 o.81 2011 14 503 517 0.97 2012 39 536 575 0.93 2013 18 471 489 0.96 2014 5 137 142 0.96 2015 2 119 121 0.98 2016 0 78 78 1 2017 0 50 50 1 Total 131 2976 3107 1.04 441

The table shows the details about the year wise degree of collaboration which indicate tend in single and multiple authors during 2008 to 2017. The degree of collaboration ranges from 0.95 to 1 and the average degree of collaboration is 1.04. The DC is calculated by using the formula K. Subramanian, 1982: The formula is where; DC = Degree of Collaboration Nm = Number of Multi Ns = Number of Single Ns=131 Nm=2976 DC = 2976/2976+131 =2976/3107 = 0.95 Table 8 Ranking of author s (top 25) Row Labels 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Grand Total Rank Range Peters G 10 10-6 15 13 4 1 1 60 1 Heesemann J 14 10 3 7 7 7 4 1 53 2 Becker K 9 9-7 13 7 2 1 2 1 51 3 Herrmann M 3 12 1 14 11 5 1 2-1 50 4 Karch H 10 10-13 6 8 1 - - - 48 5 Witte W 11 7 2 12 11 3 - - - - 46 6 Autenrieth IB 8 8 2 9 9 6 - - 3-45 7 Schmidt MA 9 8-9 6 6 1 1 - - 40 8 Kaase M 5 6-13 7 7-1 1-40 8 Gatermann S 4 3-16 10 5-1 - - 39 10 442

Mellmann A 6 6-10 8 5-2 1-38 11 von Muller L 1 5-10 10 7 1 1 1-36 12 Vogel U 8 3 1 11 5 4-3 - - 35 13 Gastmeier P 10 9 1 2 2 8-2 - - 34 14 Szabados F 5 6-15 4 3 - - - - 33 15 Wieler LH 5 6-6 4 6 4 1 - - 32 16 Gross U 2 4 1 7 10 4 2-1 1 32 16 Zipfel PF 8 7-9 4 2 1 - - - 31 18 Kock R 3 2-4 10 7 2 1 1 1 31 18 Frosch M 10 7-6 4 2-1 - - 30 20 Hammerschmidt 1 5-11 4 7 1 - - - 29 21 Dobrindt U 3 5 2 7 4 5 2 1 - - 29 21 Friedrich AW 8 3-6 5 4-1 - 2 29 21 Peschel A 9 6 1 5 3 4-1 - - 29 21 Solbach W 7 2-7 6 5-1 - - 28 21 This table indicates the Ranking of the author (top 25) authors who published more records related to the International Journal of Medical Microbiology. According to the table result shows Peters G was publishing more records; on overall total, he published 60 records for the journal. Heesemann J (53 records) and Becker K (51 records) getting a second and third place on that table. Table 9 Country Collaboration top 25 S.No Name of the Country Records % 1. Germany 2543 64.75 2. USA 182 4.63 3. UK 96 2.44 4. Austria 95 2.41 5. Switzerland 93 2.36 6. France 89 2.26 7. Netherlands 82 2.08 8. Sweden 61 1.55 9. Spain 59 1.50 10. Italy 46 1.71 443

11. India 43 1.09 12. Iran 41 1.04 13. Peoples R China 35 0.89 14. Denmark 31 0.78 15. Brazil 26 0.66 16. Australia 25 0.63 17. Japan 24 0.61 18. Czech Republic 23 0.58 19. Ireland 21 0.53 20. Canada 16 0.40 21. Russia 16 0.40 22. Hungary 15 0.38 23. Argentina 15 0.38 24. Poland 13 0.33 25. Taiwan 12 0.30 Total 3927 100 Trend of collaboration, research is increasing among countries in the International Journal of Medical Microbiology research, the total number of collaborations 3927. In the above image, it reveals that a large number of records are published by the country was Germany 2543 (64.75%) in the first position, the second position of USA 182 (4.63%) and the third position of UK 96 (2.44%) respectively. The data document filed was taken for the analysis with a help of Any separator in the Bibexcel tool. As a result out file was obtained. On the basis net file was created. The net file was called from the Pajak. From the Pajak highly cited map was created. 444

Figure 9.1 country collaboration Table 10 Keyword wise distributions (top 10) S.No Keyword Records % 1. ESCHERICHIA-COLI 106 2.54 2. IDENTIFICATION 92 2.21 3. VIRULENCE 83 1.99 4. STRAINS 81 1.94 5. INFECTION 78 1.87 6. EXPRESSION 71 1.7 7. IN-VITRO 50 1.2 8. RESISTANCE 46 1.1 9. BIOFILM FORMATION 46 1.1 10 GENE 46 1.1 This table shows mostly used keywords in the International Journal of Medical Microbiology during the period from 2008 to 2017. Mostly used keywords are ESCHERICHIA-COLI 106 (2.54%) times, and second place is IDENTIFICATION 92 (2.21%) times used, and then followed by VIRULENCE word is used 83 (1.99%) times used respectively. 445

Figure 10.1 keyword wise distributions Findings and Conclusion The bibliometric studies are regularly used to assess the journal research publication and to generate information that could be used by policy makers and expert s.this study has proven to be a useful tool in the assessment of Research output of the Citation Analysis of International Journal of Medical Microbiology 2008 to 2017. This study has highlighted the Bibliometric analysis to measure various factors such as the Growth of the article, Year of Publication, Relative growth Rates and Doubling time, hip pattern, Language wise distribution, Document type, Country wise Records. The maximum number of published in the year of 2012 records were 575 (18.50%) of total output. The minimum records of the total output in the year of 2017 records were 50(01.60). The majority of bibliometric publishing their reserved output in the English language was 3105 (99.93%) followed by German 2 (0.06%) records. The maximum record of Meeting Abstract observed more than 2235 (71.93%) of output performance. The minimum preferred forms observed from the study are letter it has show 0.03%. Germany is the top producing country with 2543 Records (64.75 %), USA with 182 Records (4.63%), the UK with 96 Records (2.44%). The overall study period has witnessed a mean Relative Growth Rate of 0.276. In general, the relative growth rate of publication of all sources in International Journal of Medical Microbiology output has shown an increasing trend. The overall study period has witnessed a mean doubling time as 18.473. The degree of collaboration ranges from 0.95 to 1 and the average degree of collaboration is 1.04. References 1. Sm, Z. A., & Rahman, M. A. (2017). Nutrition literature of Bangladesh: a bibliometric study. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 13(1), 35-43. 2. Warriach, N. F., & Ahmad, S. (2016). Pakistan Journal of Library and Information Science: A bibliometric analysis. Pakistan Journal of Information Management & Libraries (PJIM&L), 12. 446

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