DAY OnE Meeting January 26 2019
Building Confidence in Your Speaking
STAGE FRIGHT Public Speaking=biggest fear of all WHY? MISPERCEPTIONS The Solution: To see things as they are, not what you see them as out of fear Your perceptions Of the audience- they don t know how freaked out you are (according to research) Of your speech-believe you have something to say Of yourself- you ve got to believe in yourself and your purpose
You are a victim of your own perceptions if you believe that: your audience is aware of everything that you do wrong in a speech your speech is a performance rather than a time of sharing and you have little to offer either as a person or speaker.
Strategies to overcome fright Know the symptoms- Sweat, butterflies, rapid movement, strange words come out, headache you might as well be fighting Vikings. Strategies: lots and lots, use what works for you.
Strategies in advance of program Be extremely well prepared. Join or start a Toastmasters club for extra practice Get individual or group presentation skills coaching. Listen to music. Read a poem. Anticipate hard and easy questions. Organize. Absolutely memorize your opening statement so you can recite it on autopilot if you have to. Practice, practice, practice. Especially practice bits so you can spit out a few minutes of your program no matter how nervous you are. Get in shape. I don't know why it helps stage fright, but it does.
Take a quick walk. Take quick drinks of tepid water. Double check your A/V equipment Don't drink coffee or tea with caffeine. Concentrate on your ideas. Hide notes around the stage area so you know you have a backup if you happen to draw a blank. Concentrate on your audience. Do isometrics that tighten and release muscles. Shake hands and smile with attendees before the program. Say something to someone to make sure your voice is ready to go. Go somewhere private and warm up your voice, muscles, etc. Use eye contact. Go to a mirror and check out how you look. Breathe deeply, evenly, and slowly for several minutes. Don't eat if you don't want to
Strategies when the program begins If legs are trembling, lean on lectern /table or shift legs or move. Try not to hold the microphone by hand in the first minute. Don't hold notes. The audience can see them shake. Use three-by-five cards instead. Take quick drinks of tepid water. Use eye contact. It will make you feel less isolated. Look at the friendliest faces in the audience. Joke about your nervousness. "What's the right wine to go with fingernails?"
Confidence Content-have something worthwhile to say Organization-plan out well in advance Notes-notecard, outline, not too many words Friendliness-warm attitude towards audience Impression-positive attitude, I m glad to be here Dedication- practice, practice, practice Empathy-sincere understanding of the feelings of others Newness- originality, different slant, fresh approach Conviction-believe in what you say Enthusiasm-get fired up, controlled emotion
General presentation Tips Know your audience Dress for occasion Respect the other side Good Posture Eye contact-- especially when explaining impacts or stating impactful stats
Debate fundamentals Topic: What is the Best Dessert? CLAIM Main idea WARRANT Evidence IMPACT Why does it matter? These three parts make up one point in your argument. To be as convincing as possible, you will need to have two or more of these. Icecream is the best dessert because it is delicious and inclusive. Ice cream is popular in many cultures because it has so much variety. There really is something for everyone. According to Professor Ice of Princeton University in 2018, there is an infinite amount of ice cream flavors in the world. The amount of ice cream flavors goes to show that there truly is a type of ice cream for everyone. Desserts make people happy, thus it is imperative that the best one is a dessert that everyone has equal the opportunity to enjoy. Ice cream does not favor vanilla or chocolate lovers, savory or sweet lovers; it highlights and appreciates diversity unlike many other desserts.
Basic refutation tips Falsify warrant Outweigh Impacts Non- unique Arguments Take out links/recognize fallacy According to icecreamisbad.com in 1964, there are only 50 flavors of ice cream. Biased and outdated source Ice cream can sometimes cause a brain freeze, therefore it is not the best. The fact that ice cream champions diversity by giving everyone equal opportunities to deliciousness. Oreos are vegan so they are better for the environment and don t exclude those with dietary restrictions. There are plenty of vegan ice cream options as well. Ice cream is cold. If we make ice cream the best dessert, markets will think no one wants to eat hot food and only sell cold goods. Just because a cold dessert happens to be the best, doesn t mean everyone dislikes hot foods.
Fallacies Most Common: Straw Man: Attacking an argument your opponent didn t claim/exaggerating your opponent's argument so that it seems unreasonable. Is Ought: Saying that just because something is one way it should be that way (Ex. Since Marijuana is illegal it should always be illegal) False Dichotomies: When you suggest that there are only two possible outcomes when there are alternatives. (Ex. Either we attack North Korea or all Americans will die) Slippery Slope: Basically it s reaching for a connection. (Ex. Abortion leads to a decrease in the value of morality, which leads to the end of the world)
Fallacies cont. Circular reasoning: This is basically repeating the claim and never providing support for the premises, or, in other words, repeating the same argument over and over again (Ex: I can t believe people eat dog. That s just plain gross. Why? Because it s a dog, of course. How could someone eat a dog?) Appeal to authority: When people base their entire argument on one person s opinion on the issue (Ex: Lebron James says that drinking gatorade will make you live longer, therefore gatorade makes people live longer) Bandwagon: The basic fallacy of democracy: that popular ideas are necessarily right (Ex: The Rachel Haircut in the 1990 s everyone is doing it so I will too )
IS THIS SOURCE RElIABLE????
Is this source reliable
YES! -You can tell by the title that the article uses experts to justify what is being said. -A good sign is that it uses quotes integrated into the article. -Also NPR is known to be a non-biased source
NO! -Aside from the fact that this website looks like it was made in 1995, they quote no sources and use very fake looking pictures to justify their claim instead of concrete evidence.
TRICKY -This source is just barely not credible, because though the UN is usually an unbiased source but they are addressing what they look over so they would likely hide negative details.