APA Citation Fmatting Guidelines Overview APA citation is a specific set of guidelines f acknowledging infmation that you have found in books, articles, newspapers, magazines, etc whenever you need to use that infmation in a professional, academic assignment. This handout includes many resources to assist you in understanding APA citation, previewing APA citation, and using APA citation. Table of Contents What is APA Citation?...2 Terms you need to know:...2 How to do In-text Citation & References list entries f the most commonly used reading materials...4 Books...4 News Articles (online)*...5 News Article (online) auth unknown...5 Newspaper Article...6 Chapter of a Book*...6 No Auth? Look here!...7 No date? Look here!...7 Kean-language ( other feign language) texts...7 Journal Article...8 Webpage...9 Video...9 Video (TED talks [online])...10 Gov't ganization auths...11 Quotations...12 1. SR Writing...12 2. Direct Quotations...13 3. Indirect Quotations...15 References List (sample)...16 1
What is APA Citation? APA stands f American Psychological Association. This ganization publishes journals and decided to make a standard set of guidelines regarding citation f auths who wanted to put an article in an APA journal. What is APA citation? In university, you often gather infmation when preparing presentations, repts, essays, etc. Of course, you also use your own ideas, too. When you use infmation you gathered from another person (, from a website, etc.), professs & other expect you to admit that you browed that infmation. You can admit that you browed infmation from someone by using & a references list (in the APA style). Otherwise, it's considered stealing someone else's idea & you are committing plagiarism. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the practice of taking someone else's wk ideas and passing them off as one's own [ideas] (Oxfd American Dictionary, n.d.). Plagiarism is a fm of dishonesty and is considered a very serious problem. If you commit plagiarism, your profess will probably reduce your grade, even give you a zero. How can I do references list? Continue browsing this handout f me infmation. 1. First, you'll need to know where the infmation you browed came from. Was it on a website? Was it in a book? Was it in a magazine? 2. After you know where it came from, find that type of material in the list (the list starts at: How to do.. - see the Table of Contents). N.B. Although there are many different sources of infmation you might need to use, only the most commonly used ones f our course are included in this handout. F example, if you need to acknowledge infmation you heard in a speech, the guidelines f how to do that are not in this handout. Ask your instruct f me infmation. Terms you need to know: surname (family name) given name f most Westerners: the 2 nd name is their surname: Gegeanna Hall --> Hall is my surname f most Westerners: the 1 st name is their given name: Gegeanna Hall --> Gegeanna is my given name f most Keans, their first syllable is their surname: (Lee Hyi) --> Lee is her surname. f most Keans, their 2 nd & 3 rd syllables are their given name: (Lee Hyi) --> Hyi is her given name. initial the first letter of someone's f Keans, it depends on 2
date (year) of publication cite references list paraphrased (verb: paraphrase) (given) name(s): f Westerners: Gegeanna Hall --> G. Mark Anthony Leiden --> M. A. how the person writes their name: Hyi --> H. Jeong Ho --> J. H. f books, the copyright date (year). f news articles, the date the article was published ( posted online) to quote someone (directly indirectly) as a source of infmation (i.e. to show evidence) something you add inside a sentence to show that infmation used in the sentence came from another auth. It includes auth's surname, date of publication, and page number only if you are using a direct quote. F example: Wilkes (1998) repts that bees are harmless if you first spray smoke at them. Bees are harmless if they have first been sprayed with smoke, which disients them (Wilkes, 1998). Accding to Hwang (2001), the taste of honey depends on the bees' sources of pollen; sunflowers make excellent honey (p. 123). a line of specially fmatted infmation which tells the auth, date of publication, title, source (book, magazine title, etc.), and other imptant infmation which tells exactly what you read while writing your essay. F each book/article/etc. which you cite while writing your assignment, there is one Hwang, J. H. (2001). Bees in their natural habitat: revisiting the field. Journal of the Natural Sciences, 32 (1), 120-127. a list located at the end of your document of all the sources you have cited. The list must be ganized alphabetically accding to the (first) auth's surname. If a citation takes up 2 lines of text, the second line (and all subsequent lines) should be indented. written entirely in your own wds and writing style that is, not copying the iginal auth's wds writing style N.B. This guide will show you how to write an and a f several types of document (such as book, journal article, news article, and so on). 3
How to do In-text Citation & References list entries f the most commonly used reading materials Books F a book with one auth: Surname, initial. (date of. Book title. City: Publisher. Gladwell's (2008) book discusses specific facts which contributed to Christopher Langan's current situation. Christopher Langan's life is less well known than J. Robert Oppenheimer because of Langan's environment when he grew up (Gladwell, 2008). Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: the sty of success. New Yk: Little, Brown, and Company. F a book with 2 me auths: Surname & surname (date of (surname & surname, date of Tapscott & Williams (2006) describe techniques f enabling businesses to keep up with the changing economic landscape. The prosumer is a unique type of character which modern business are taking advantage of (Tapscott & Williams, 2006). Surname, initial., Surname, initial. (date of. Book title. City: Publisher. Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. D. (2006). Wikinomics: how mass collabation changes everything. New Yk: Penguin Group. 4
News Articles (online)* Surname, initial. (year, date of. Article title. News source title. Retrieved date you viewed the article, from URL Choe (2010) repts that the increase in charcoal use f cooking has brought with it a rise in the popularity of kilns f hot, purifying saunas. A recent rept in the NY Times describes the resurgence in kilns' popularity and not just f charcoal (Choe, 2010). Choe, S. (2010, August 26). Kiln saunas make a comeback in South Kea. New Yk Times. Retrieved September 8, 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/27/wld/asia/27iht-kiln.html News Article (online) auth unknown Don't wry if it's not possible to indent the URL.Just leave it as is. Article title (date of (Article title, date of Article title. (year, date of. News source title. Retrieved date you viewed the article, from URL Space race over befe it began? (2010) discusses the recent fallout of the NASA budget cuts. NASA's recent budget cuts are a cause f concern (Space race over befe it began?, 2010) Space race over befe it began? (2010). Space-X Frontlines. Retrieved October 30, 2010 from http://space-xfront.com/space-race-over-early.html 5
Newspaper Article Lee (2009) discusses the new policy from Seoul designed to encourage me children. The may of Seoul announced new government subsidies to encourage families to have me children (Lee, 2009). Surname, initial. (date of. Article title. Newspaper name, p. page number. Lee, J. (2009, September 1). Childbirth incentives to be expanded. The Kea Herald, p. 3. Chapter of a Book* Note: Use this if you are citing a chapter of a book where the chapters of the book are written by different auths! Hardy's (2008) wk discusses recent research into Mongshell's effectiveness against cancer. Mongshell has recently been illuminated as an alternative cancer-prevention therapy (Hardy, 2008). Surname, initial. (date of. Chapter title. In Initial. Surname (Ed.) Book title (p. pages-of the chapter). City: Publisher. Hardy, G. (2008). Mongshell: the new kid on the block?. In G. Hong (Ed.), Advances in non-standard cancer therapy. (p. 23-77). New Yk: Ronald House. * this type of citation is only necessary if the chapter is part of an edited book (that is, not a book written by one auth only) We need the book edit's name. 6
No Auth? Look here! If there is no auth (check carefully!), then use one of these options instead of the auth: the title an abbreviated (shtened) fm of the title Title (date of (Title, date of Title. (date of. City: Publisher. The Oxfd American Dictionary (2007) discusses specific situations in which responsible is a proper wd choice. At times, accountable is a preferred alternative to responsible (The Oxfd American Dictionary, 2007). The Oxfd American Dictionary. (2007). Boston: Oxfd Publishing. No date? Look here! If there is no date (check carefully!) then use this instead of a date: (n.d.) Kean-language ( other feign language) texts Surname, initial. (date of. Original book title [translated book title in English]. City: Publisher. 7 Rulfo (2006) discusses Hispanic culture and society through literature. The literature of the time revolved around social upheavals (Rulfo, 2006). Rulfo, J. (2006). Pedro Paramo: Colleccion letras Hispanicas [Hispanic Writings] (J. Gonzalez, Ed.) Mexico: Catedra. If there was an edit translat, put that in parenthesis.
Journal Article F an article with one auth: Bowen (2009) gives a handy new pattern which is hampered by its poly written directions. We noted a few mis-measurements in the pattern which were not covered in the instructions (Bowen, 2009). Surname, initial. (date of. Article title. Journal title, volume number, first page number-last page number. Bowen, M. E. (2009). Crafty capes f winter. Sew Stylish, 23, 45-47. F an article with 2 me auths: Dolce & Gabanna (2008) presents a strong case f the invisible zipper in silk clothing. Silk clothing required the extra wk of installing invisible zippers to keep the fabric smooth (Dolce & Gabanna, 2008). Surname, initial., & Surname, initial. (date of. Article title. Journal title, volume number, first page number-last page number. Dolce, X. & Gabanna, V. (2008). Merits of invisible zippers. Fashionista, 88 (1), 77-87. 8
Webpage Surname, initial. (date of. Page/article title. Website name. Retrieved date you visited the webpage from URL Accding to Fadeyev (2009), web design requires considering the user; fm fields should be large and clearly labeled. Making fm fields large and located below their titles helps your sign-up page appear clean and easy to navigate (Fadeyev, 2009). Fadeyev, D. (2009). 10 useful usability findings and guidelines. Smashing Magazine. Retrieved October 3, 2009 from http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/09/24/10-usefulusability-findings-and-guidelines/ Video Surname of produce & Surname of direct (date of production) production) *If no auth known: A shtened fm of the title of the video (date of production) Producer's surname, initial. (Producer), & Direct's surname, initial. (Direct). (date of production). Video's title. [Video] Country of 9 The situation regarding Khampa nomads in Tibet is displayed in all its heart-breaking reality in The last black tents (2009), which briefly describes the nomads' fced relocation. Making people aware of, among other things, the fced relocation of the Khampa of Tibet is a step towards solving the Mekong River's problems (The last black tents, 2009).
production: studio/news company which produced the video. *If no auth known: Shtened fm of video's title. [Video] (date of production). Country of production: studio/news company which produced the video. The last of the black tents [Video]. (2009). Radio Free Asia. (In this example, we don't know exactly where the video was produced; probably China, but - as far as we know that was only where the recding was done. If we could be sure, we'd write: The last of the black tents [Video]. (2009). China/Radio Free Asia. Video (TED talks [online]) N.B. This uses APA fmatting rules f video Weblog posts. Accding to (Sandberg, 2010), women haven't been welcomed into leadership positions very warmly. Women haven't been welcomed into leadership positions (Sandberg, 2010). Auth. (Year, Month Date). Title [Video file]. Retrieved from URL Sandberg, S. (2010, December 21). Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/sheryl_sandberg_why_we_have_t oo_few_women_leaders.html 10
Gov't ganization auths first time you mention it Full name of gov't ganization [Abbreviated name] (date of (Full name of gov't ganization [Abbreviated name], date of any subsequent mentions Abbreviated name (date of (Abbreviated name, date of Full name of gov't ganization [Abbreviated name]. (date of. Title. City: Publisher. Ministry of Education [MOE] (2009) published new guidelines f English textbooks that include an emphasis on creative writing activities. It was discovered that these writing guidelines included an increased onus on instructs to provide feedback (Ministry of Education [MOE], 2009). MOE (2009) fces instructs to fetch their dusty thesauruses and make use of these aged tomes. The new guidelines were met favably by students (MOE, 2009). Ministry of Education [MOE]. (2009). Late 2000s guidelines f writing instruction: secondary education level. Seoul: Auth. 11
Quotations Quotations will be discussed in the following 3 categies: 1. SR writing 2. direct quotations 3. indirect quotations 1. SR Writing Note: This SR writing section only applies to students in Ms. Hall's Academic Writing courses. When you write an SR (Summary & Response), you are paraphrasing, which means you are describing the article's maj ideas using your own wds (not the auth's wds). Ideally, you will write the entire summary paragraph using your own wds. To do this, you need to follow these guidelines: A. In the first ( second, but first is usually preferred) sentence, be sure to name the source of the article this means you'll include an. B. Don't include an in any of the following sentences. C. Include an f the final sentence of the summary paragraph. An example is here this summary is entirely paraphrased: Choe (2010) describes the recent resurgence in kiln saunas popularity. Although iginally a traditional fm of relaxation and restative treatment in Kea, the kiln sauna fell out of common use when alternative fms of heating and electricity generation came into vogue. However, due to the trend of visiting jjimjilbangs, kiln saunas are seeing a sharp uptick in their patronage. Even companies that do not produce charcoal have opened kilns in an efft to snare a share of the business. Kiln saunas have reinstated their position as a Kean institution (Choe, 2010). N.B. Some professs may require me infmation in the first sentence, such as the newspaper's name. An example is below: (imagine this sentence replacing the first sentence of the paragraph above) An article in the New Yk Times by Choe Sang-hun entitled Kiln saunas make a comeback in South Kea discusses the recent resurgence in kiln saunas popularity (August 26, 2010). N.B. The following sections are suitable f essay writing. 12
2. Direct Quotations Sometimes an auth has written a very appealing, fantastic, amazing sentence! In this case, you may wish to copy part of all of the sentence and put it in your paragraph (, sentence). Example: This sentence is rather amazing. It has visual elements (light of hope, flames...) and shows how eloquent (expressive, articulate) Dr. King was. F a direct quotation, you need: A. the auth/speaker's exact wds B. (around the auth/speaker's wds) C. an Here are the possibilities: Example A Martin Luther King Jr. said of the Emancipation Proclamation, "This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice" (1963). Example B Of the Emancipation Proclamation, it was famously said, "This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice" (King Jr., 1963). Example C (part of the iginal sentence) The Emancipation Proclamation has been famously characterized as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves, uplifting them from the flames of withering injustice (King 13
Jr., 1963). N.B. That example is from a speech. If the sentence is from a book article (with page numbers), you need to include the page number! Example: Here are the possibilities: Example A Dawkins writes that The potential people who could have been here in my place but who will in fact never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of Arabia (1998, p. 7). Example B It can be said that The potential people who could have been here in my place but who will in fact never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of Arabia (Dawkins, 1998, p. 7). Example C (part of the sentence) Dawkins writes that DNA allows f an amazing number of different possibilities, though so few are ever realized; unbn potentialities outnumber the sand grains of Arabia (1998, p. 7). 14
3. Indirect Quotations When the language isn t very fancy, and you can write it just as nicely by yourself, use an indirect quotation. This means you use your own wds. You need to follow these guidelines: A. Use entirely your own wds & writing style. B. Include an Example sentence from a book: Plane crashes rarely happen in the same way they happen in movies. Example A Movies do not often depict plane crashes with any semblance of truthfulness (Gladwell, 2008). Example B Accding to Gladwell (2008), movies do not often depict plane crashes with any semblance of truthfulness. Example C Gladwell writes that movies do not often depict plane crashes with any semblance of truthfulness (2008). 15
References List (sample) Bowen, M. E. (2009). Crafty capes f winter. Sew Stylish, 23, 45-47. Choe, S. (2010, August 26). Kiln saunas make a comeback in South Kea. New Yk Times. Retrieved September 8, 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/27/wld/asia/27iht-kiln.html Dolce, X. & Gabanna, V. (2008). Merits of invisible zippers. Fashionista, 88 (1), 77-87. Fadeyev, D. (2009). 10 useful usability findings and guidelines. Smashing Magazine. Retrieved October 3, 2009 from http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/09/24/10-usefulusability-findings-and-guidelines/ Rulfo, J. (2006). Pedro Paramo: Colleccion letras Hispanicas [Hispanic Writings]. (J. Gonzalez, Ed.) Mexico: Catedra. 16