Getting Started with APA Citation Style

Getting Started with APA Citation Style What is APA Style? This Getting Started library handout covers frequently used citation forms and refers to the Manual (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, BF 76.7 P83 2010) and the Guide (APA Style Guide to Electronic References, BF 76.7 P83 2012 Ref). Unless otherwise stated below, section and page numbers referred to are from the Manual. General Rules Begin your reference list on a new page at the end of your essay. Put the word References centered about one inch from the top of the page. Formatting: The preferred APA font is 12-point size. Double-space between all lines of text, including the reference list. Have uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) on all sides. Hanging indents should be used for the reference list entries. This means that all lines after the first line of each entry should be indented one half inch from the left margin. (In Word, CTRL-T for the hanging indent). Arrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author. Use only the initial(s) of the author's given name, not the full name, with a space between the initials. If a work has no author or editor, move the title to the author position and alphabetize by the first word of the title other than A, An, or The. If the reference list includes two or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order (oldest first). If entries are by the same author with the same year, put them in alphabetical order by first letter of the title. Add a lower case letter (a, b, etc.) after the year, within the parentheses, e.g. (2002a). Capitalize only the first letter of the first word in the article or book title. Proper nouns are also capitalized as well as the word following a colon (subtitle). Journal titles should have every major word capitalized. Italicize journal titles, volume numbers and even the comma following the journal title. Do not italicize chapter titles, articles or issue numbers (i.e., the number which appears in parentheses after the volume number). References cited in the text must appear in the reference list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and original works cited in secondary sources, which are cited in the text only and are not included in the reference list. Remove all hyperlinks in the Reference List. Many publishers now assign a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to journal articles, which provide a persistent link to its location on the internet. Provide the DOI if it is available. Reference to the database is no longer necessary with a DOI. If no DOI is available, provide the journal home page URL (do a Google search for the journal website) Abbreviations for page and pages ( p. and pp. ) are used before page numbers of newspaper articles and articles in edited books but not before page numbers of articles appearing in magazines and scholarly journals. What Kinds of Sources Do I Document? Direct quotations from a book, article, film, letter, email, lecture, etc. Ideas you draw from a source but present entirely in your own words Paraphrases and summaries of books, journal articles, pamphlets Single words, short phrases, sentences and longer passages quoted from books or articles Statistics Legislation Note of appreciation to UBC-Okanagan for permission to use parts of their APA Guide. APA Citation Style, JIBC Library, August 2015 1

How Do I Introduce Sources in My Essay? In order to make your paper coherent and accurate, use the following suggestions to introduce sources into your work: Boyd argues, describes, explains, claims, asserts, refers to, cites Santos contends, compares, speculates, hypothesizes, concludes, recommends Citations in Text In-text citations appear within the text of your paper. This is how you give credit to your sources (i.e. the books/articles/websites you have used). In-text citations may be either a direct quote or a paraphrase. The main difference between a direct quote and a paraphrase is that, for a direct quote, you must include quotation marks and the page number(s) or other specific locator (i.e. paragraph number). Put the closing punctuation (i.e. period) after the page citation. If your direct quote is more than 40 words, indent the full quote 5-7 spaces, double-spaced, in the body of your paper, no quotation marks; cite the quoted source, with page numbers, AFTER the final punctuation mark. Please note that a page or paragraph number is encouraged (Manual, 2010, p. 171) when paraphrasing a source, and is required when quoting directly. Examples in this Getting Started Guide include page numbers for direct quotations and paraphrases. For electronic sources without page numbers, use the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not apparent, cite the section heading and the paragraph number following it (Manual, sec. 6.05 p. 171). (Myers, 2000, para. 5) (Butler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1) Order multiple works within the same parentheses as they appear in the reference list (Manual, sec. 6.16 p.177). Past research (Heschl, 2001, 2005; Noonan & Johnson, 2002a, 2002b) has shown For citations to original works taken from secondary sources, which you should use sparingly (Manual, sec. 6.17 p. 178), list the work you have read (secondary source) in the reference list and in-text add the words as cited in to the parenthetical citation. In this example, only Gattrell will appear in the reference list. Berringer s study found (as cited in Gattrell, 2012). Within a paragraph, when the name of the author is part of the narrative, there is no need to include the year in subsequent non-parenthetical references (Manual, sec. 6.11 p. 174). Kurtz (2013) reported that cultural safety. Kurtz also found. Examples: Direct quote Watson (2007) explained that it is very important to learn how to cite using the APA style (p. 22). According to the librarian, it is very important to learn how to cite using the APA style (Watson, 2007, p. 22). Paraphrase According to Appleby and Peach (2006), fruits and vegetables are generally accepted as the healthiest food choices (p. 47). Fruits and vegetables are generally accepted as the healthiest food choices (Appleby & Peach, 2006, p. 47). 2

According to the APA Style Guide to Electronic References (p. 6), when a DOI is available it should be included in your reference list, in one of the following formats: doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2005.09.013 OR http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2005.09.013 PRINT articles follow the same format WITHOUT the DOI or URL (if print article has a DOI, include it) JOURNAL ARTICLES double space references Journal article: Retrieved online with digital object identifier (DOI) (p. 198 #1) Walsh, Z., & Kosson, D. S. (2007). Psychopathy and violent crime: A prospective study of the influence of socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Law and Human Behavior, 31(2), 209-229. doi:10.1007/s10979-006-9057-5 Citation in text: (Walsh & Kosson, 2007, p. 227) Journal article: Retrieved online with DOI: Three to five authors (p. 198 # 1 & p. 177 table 6.1) Rush, K., Adamack, M., Gordon, J., Lilly, M., & Janke, R. (2013). Best practices of formal new graduate nurse transition programs: An integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(3), 345-356. http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.06.009 In text: First citation: (Rush, Adamack, Gordon, Lilly, & Janke, 2013, pp. 346-347) Subsequent citation to a different passage from the same source: (Rush et al., 2013, p. 354) Journal article: Retrieved online with DOI: Six or seven authors (p. 198 #1) Robinson, C., Pesut, B., Bottorff, J. L., Mowry, A., Broughton, S., & Fyles, G. (2009). Rural palliative care: A comprehensive review. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(3), 253-258. doi:10.1089/jpm.2008.0228 First and subsequent citations in text: (Robinson et al., 2009, p. 255) Journal article: Retrieved online with no DOI: Eight or more authors: Advance online publication (p. 198 #2 & p. 199 #5) Bottorff, J. L., Carey, J., Mowatt, R., Varcoe, C., Johnson, J. L., Hutchinson, P.,... Wardman, D. (2009). Bingo halls and smoking: Perspectives of First Nations women. Health & Place. Advance online publication. Retrieved from http://www.journals.elsevier.com/health-and-place/ First and subsequent citations in text: (Bottorff et al., 2009, para. 2) When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors names in the reference, then insert three spaced dots (an ellipsis - p. 172), and add the last author s name (p. 184). Journal article: Retrieved online with no DOI: Give URL of the journal home page (even if retrieved from a database) (p. 199 #3) Mathieson, C. M., Bailey, N., & Gurevich, M. (2002). Health care services for lesbian and bisexual women: Some Canadian data. Health Care for Women International, 23(2), 185-196. Retrieved from http://www.tandf.co.uk /journals/titles/07399332.asp In text: First citation: (Mathieson, Bailey, & Gurevich, 2002, p. 190) Subsequent citation to a different passage from the same source: (Mathieson et al., 2002, p. 200) Hint: Google the journal title to locate URL. 3

122 Journal article: Retrieved online with no DOI: Posted to preprint archive: No pagination (p. 200 #6) Gabora, L. (2007). Self-other organization: Why early life did not evolve through natural selection. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Retrieved from http://cogprints.org /5583/01/soo.htm Citation in text: (Gabora, 2007, para. 5) The exact URL is used because the article is informally published (p. 200). Journal article: Print version with no DOI: Discussed in a secondary source (p. 199 #3) Kolb, B., & Cioe, J. (1998). Absence of recovery or dendritic reorganization after neonatal posterior parietal lesions. Psychobiology, 26(2), 134-142. Citation in text: Diamattia and Kesner s study (as cited in Kolb & Cioe, 1998, p. 140) In this example, Kolb & Cioe is the secondary source, which you have read Diamattia and Kesner do NOT appear in the reference list Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English. Online magazine article: Use exact date (p. 200 #8) Wells, P. (2009, July 28). Our universities can be smarter. Maclean s. Retrieved from http://www2.macleans.ca/ Citation in text: (Wells, 2009, para. 15 ) Online newspaper article: Give URL (even if retrieved from a database); Use exact date (p. 200 #11) Cernetig, M. (2009, August 11). Opinion: Crafty Campbell knew the dangers of HST. The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved from http://www.vancouversun.com/ Citation in text: (Cernetig, 2009, para. 5) Give the URL of the home page when the online version of the article is available by search to avoid non-working URLs (p. 201). Magazine article: Print version. Use exact date MacQueen, K. (2009, September 21). Who stole Reid s Haida art pieces? Maclean s 122(36), 22. Citation in text: (MacQueen, 2009, p. 22) Newspaper article: Print version. No author. Use exact date. (p.200 #9; p.176 #6.15) Hitchhiking robot s U.S. trek meets grisly end. (2015, August 3). The Globe and Mail, p. A2. Citation in text: ( Hitchhiking, 2015, p. A2) 4

BOOKS, CHAPTERS, SHORT STORIES & MORE double space references For more multiple author examples, see Journal Articles section Book: 1-2 authors (p. 203 #18) More, H. W., & Miller, L. S. (2015). Effective police supervision (7 th ed.). Waltham, MA: Anderson Publishing. Citation in text: (More & Mitchell, 2001, p. 24) Book: 3-5 authors (p. 203 #18) Whitelaw, B., Parent, R. B., & Griffiths, C. T. (2004). Community-based strategic policing in Canada (2 nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Thomson Nelson. Citation in text: First Citation: (Whitelaw, Parent, & Griffiths, 2004, p. 23) Subsequent: (Whitelaw et al., 2004, p. 47) Book: Corporate author: Author as publisher (p. 203 2 nd bullet) American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Citation in text: First citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010) Subsequent: (APA, 2010, p. 27) Edited book (p. 202 sec. 7.02) Hare, R. D., & Schalling, D. (Eds.). (1978). Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research. Chichester, NY: Wiley. Citation in text: (Hare & Schalling, 1978, p. 26) Chapter in an edited book (p. 204 #25) Porter, S., Woodworth, M., & Doucette, N. (2007). Memory for murder: The qualities and credibility of homicide narratives by perpetrators. In S. Christianson (Ed.), Offenders' memories of violent crimes (pp. 115-134). New York, NY: Wiley. Citation in text: (Porter, Woodworth, & Doucette, 2007, p. 120) Short story reprinted in an Anthology Brand, D. (2005). At the Lisbon Plate. In R. Brown & D. Bennett (Eds.), Canadian short stories (pp. 371-386). Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada Inc. (Original work published 1994) Citation in text: (Brand, 2005/1994, p. 371) Book with no author or editor. Title takes place of author. (p. 205 #30; p.176 #6.15) Library and information studies. (2nd ed.). (2007). Halifax, NS: Information Today. Citation in text: (Library, 2007, p. 24) E-version of print book with DOI (Guide, p.16 #14) Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071393722 Citation in text: (Schiraldi, 2001, p. 23) 5

E-version of print book with no DOI (p.203 #19) Silvia, P. J. (2007). How to write a lot: A practical guide to productive academic writing [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com Citation in text: (Silvia, 2007, p. 15) Chapter in an e-book Shah, P. K., & Chyu, K-Y. (2003). Unstable angina. In M. H. Crawford (Ed.), Current diagnosis & treatment (2 nd ed., Chapter 4). Retrieved from http://www.statref.com/ Citation in text: (Shah & Chyu, 2003, General Considerations section, para. C) Electronic book from an online library (Guide, p.17 #16) Mishra, A. K., & Mishra, K. E. (2012). Becoming a trustworthy leader: Psychology and practice. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com Citation in text: (Mishra & Mishra, 2012, p. 10) Provide the home page of the online library (ebrary, EBL, Google Books, etc.) rather than the full URL. Books are easily available by search and some sites require log-in credentials (Guide, p. 17). EBSCO ebook Academic (p.204 #22) Dawes, B. (2013). Indigenous North American drama: A multivocal history [Monograph]. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com Citation in text: (Dawes, 2013, p. 15) Electronic-only book. Use n.d. for no date. Instead of publisher, use doi or URL (p.203 #20) O Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemid=135 Citation in text: (O Keefe, n.d., p. 26) Open Textbook McCartney, S., & Parent, R. (2015). Ethics in law enforcement. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. Retrieved from http://opentextbc.ca/ethicsinlawenforcement Citation in text: (McCartney & Parent, 2015, p. 92) Multi-volume work (p. 204 #23) Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959-1963). Psychology: A study of science (Vols. 1-6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Citation in text: (Koch, 1959-1963) Encyclopedia article (p. 203 sec. 7.02 & p. 205 #29) Lindgren, H. C. (2001). Stereotyping. In The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (Vol. 4, pp. 1617-1618). New York, NY: Wiley. Citation in text: (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617) Entry in a reference work: No author. Entry title replaces author. Schizophrenia. (1993). In Merriam-Webster s collegiate dictionary (10 th ed.). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Citation in text: ( Schizophrenia, 1993, p. 234) 6

Entry in an online reference work: With author: With DOI (Guide, p. 18 #22) American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Dissociative disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5 th ed.). http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.411590 Citation in text: (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 29) Entry in an online reference work. No author. No DOI. (p. 170-171 & p. 205 #30) Muscular system: Introduction. (2010). In Anatomy & Physiology Online. Retrieved from http://www.primalonlinelearning.com Citation in text: ( Muscular system, 2010, Introduction section, para. 1) Dynamed Dynamed. (2015, January 13). Acetaminophen poisoning. Retrieved July 24, 2015 from http://web.ebscohost.com Citation in text: (Dynamed, Diagnosis section, Blood tests, 2015) Include Retrieval date as content will likely change Published conference proceedings: No DOI (p. 207 #39) Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38. Perspectives on Motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Citation in text: (Deci & Ryan, 1991, p. 240) If the publisher is a university and the name of the state or province is included in the name of the university, do not repeat the name in the publisher location (p. 187, Manual). Statistics Canada Statistics Canada. (2010). Child and spousal support: Maintenance enforcement survey statistics 2009/2010. (Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-228-X). Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-228-x/85-228-x2011000- eng.htm Citation in text: (Statistics Canada, 2010, p. 25) Dissertation: Retrieved from a database (p.207 #7.05; 208 #40, #41) Aguiar, L. (2001). The dirt on the contract cleaning industry in Toronto: Cleanliness and work reorganization (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (AAT NQ67931) Citation in text: (Aguiar, 2001, p. 2) Master s thesis: Retrieved from an institutional database (p.207 #7.05; 208 #40, #41) Gibson, L. S. (2007). Considering critical thinking and History 12: One teacher's story (Master s thesis). Retrieved from https://circle.ubc.ca/ Citation in text: (Gibson, 2007, p. 14) 7

Brochure: No date: Corporate author same as publisher (Guide, p. 21 #33) Justice Institute of British Columbia. (n.d.). Relevant focused ready: Strategic plan 2015-2020 [Brochure]. Retrieved from http://www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/main/pdf/jibc-strategic-plan-2015-2020.pdf First citation in text: (Justice Institute of British Columbia [JIBC], n.d., p. 7) Subsequent in text: (JIBC, n.d., p. 10) 6.13 p. 176 Manual & Table 6.1 p. 177 Groups as Authors & whether to abbreviate WEB DOCUMENTS do not include retrieval dates unless the document may change over time double space references Webpage Mulhauser, G. (2009). An introduction to cognitive therapy & cognitive behavioural approaches. Retrieved from http://counsellingresource.com/types /cognitive-therapy/ Citation in text: (Mulhauser, 2009, para. 6) Web report: Corporate author same as publisher (p. 205 #31) (p. 176 sec. 6.13 & p. 177 Table 6.1 Groups as Authors & whether to abbreviate) United Nations Development Program. (2009). Human development report. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/ First citation in text: (United Nationals Development Program [UNDP], 2009, p. 72) Subsequent in text: (UNDP, 2009, p. 35) Web report: Author different from the publisher (p. 205 sec. 7.03) Identify publisher as part of retrieval statement (p. 206 #33) Shields, M., & Wilkins, K. (2006). Findings from the 2005 National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses (Report No. 83-003-XPE). Retrieved from Canadian Institute for Health Information website: http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/products /NHSRep06_ENG.pdf Citation in text: (Shields & Wilkins, 2006, p. 17) Direct reference to a website When citing an entire website (but not a specific document on that site), no entry is required on the Reference List. Citation in text: The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation website (http://www.cbc.ca/) provides the latest news from around the world. Webpage: no author Air India trial jury abruptly dismissed. (2010, March 8). Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/air-india-trial-jury-abruptlydismissed-1.921057 Citation in text: ( Air India trial, 2010, para. 4) Online codes & standards (p. 176 sec. 6.13 & p. 177 Table 6.1 Groups as Authors & whether to abbreviate) National Fire Protection Association. (2014). NFPA 1021: Standard for fire officer professional qualifications. Retrieved from http://codesonline.nfpa.org First citation in text: (National Fire Protection Association [NFPA], 2014, section 7.2) Subsequent in text: (NFPA, 2014, section 5.3) 8

Wiki entry: No author. No date = n.d. (Guide, p. 19 #24) Auscultation. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved September 6, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kelowna Citation in text: ( Auscultation, n.d.) Include Retrieved from date as material may CHANGE over time Online forum posting (p.215 #74) Sailor, S. (2015, July 20). Re: How much wind or sea state is too much? [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://forums.catalina.sailboatowners.com/ showthread.php?p=1212924#post1212924 Blog posting (p. 215 #76) Kiume, S. (2007, August 17). Loneliness isn t good [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2007/08/17/loneliness-isnt-good/ Citation in text: (Kiume, 2007) MEDIA double space references App (Guide, p. 29-30, #60-63) Diabetes. (2011). In Epocrates Essentials for iphone (Version 3.14) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from http://www.epocrates.com/products/iphone/index.html Citation in text: ( Diabetes, 2011, section title) Use section # or heading title for in-text citation DVD / Video (p.209, sec 7.07) Gandy, D. (Producer). (2003). Cardiac emergencies [DVD]. Carrollton, TX: FETN. Citation in text: (Gandy, 2003) Movie (including documentaries) (p. 209 section 7.07) Browne, C., McUsic, M. (Producers), & Schroeder, J. A. (Director). (2013). Dear Mr. Watterson: An exploration of Calvin & Hobbes [Motion picture]. Los Angeles, CA: Fingerprint Films. Citation in text: (Browne, McUsic, & Schroeder, 2013) ONLY include Retrieved on www.netflix.com IF it is an original Netflix production Netflix Include Netflix retrieval statement for an ORIGINAL Netflix production Fincher, D., Spacey, K., Roth, E., Donen, J., Brunetti, D., Davies, A. (Producers),... Willimon, B. (Creator). (2013 present). House of cards [Television series]. Retrieved from http://www.netflix.com Citation in text: (Fincher et al., 2013-present) This example shows how to cite more than 7 authors (or producers/creators) For single episode, see below: Television series-single episode Painting or photograph retrieved from the internet (Guide p. 27 #51 & #52) Colville, A. (1987). Woman with revolver [Painting]. Retrieved from http://alexcolville.ca/gallery/alex_colville_1987_woman_with_revolver/ Citation in text: (Colville, 1987) Use [Photograph] if you are referring to a photograph instead of a painting. 9

Podcast: Retrieved from the Internet (p. 210 #50) Green, C. D. (Producer). (2006, October 9-15). Thomas Blass on Stanley Milgram's shocking studies of obedience [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.yorku.ca/christo/podcasts/ Citation in text: (Green, 2006) Radio Broadcast (p.209, sec 7.07) Camper, R. V. (2007, July 14). [Radio broadcast]. Vancouver, BC: CBC. Citation in text: (Camper, 2007) Streaming video (e.g. YouTube) (Guide, p. 26) NewsBeFunny. (2012, April 10). Sweet Brown original report [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uds-ocntswo Citation in text: (NewsBeFunny, 2012) If the person who posted the video s real name is available provide it in the format Author, A. A. followed by the username inside square brackets. When only the username is available give it without the brackets (Guide, p. 26). TED Talks Newton, A. (2010, June 10). Newton Aduaka: The story of Ezra [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/newton_aduaka_tells_the_story_of_ezra Citation in text: (Newton, 2010) Television series single episode (p. 210 #51) MacIntyre, L. (Reporter). (2006). Money, truth and spin [Television series episode]. In H. Cashore (Producer), The fifth estate. Toronto, ON: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Citation in text: (MacIntyre, 2006) If no episode title, include, for example, Season 1, Episode 3 NOTES & HANDOUTS double space references According to the APA Style Guide to Electronic References (p. 31) you should treat lecture notes and class handouts that are only available via course management software (such as Blackboard), or from someone who attended the lecture, as personal communication. Personal communication (p. 179 sec. 6.20) Includes letters, phone calls, email messages, and interviews. Because they include unrecoverable data, they are NOT included in the reference list. Citation in text: M. Burton (personal communication, August 1, 2009) Class notes, handouts & PowerPoint slides in Blackboard (p. 179 sec. 6.20) Cite information from your own personal notes from a lecture as a personal communication and refer to it only in the body of your essay. Citation in text: In a lecture on November 16, 2014, to an ENG 105 class, Professor Smith said... 10

Online lecture notes or PowerPoint Slides. Include in Reference List as they are recoverable by researchers. (Guide, p.31 #69) Brieger, W. (2005). Lecture 3: Recruitment and involvement of trainees [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health OpenCourseWare website: http://ocw.jhsph.edu /courses /TrainingMethods ContinuingEducation/lectureNotes.cfm Citation in text: (Brieger, 2005 p. 2) Only include name of website if NOT obvious from URL or author 11

LEGAL CITATION Double space references In text includes specific section and subsection or page/paragraph number Revised Statutes of Canada: Official version retrieved from http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/ Criminal Code, RSC (1985) c C-46 Citation in text: (Criminal Code, 1985, s 318(1)(a)) When official version is in e-format, you do NOT need to indicate the electronic source Charter of Rights and Freedoms (print or official online version; no retrieval statement required) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 7, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c11 Citation in text: (Canadian Charter, 1982, s 6(2)(b)) Revised Statutes of British Columbia: Retrieved from a database (e.g. QuickScribe) Treaty Commission Act, RSBC 1996, c 461, (QS) Citation in text: (Treaty Commission Act, 1996, s 5(1)) Revised Statutes of British Columbia: Unofficial version retrieved from website, include retrieval statement Parental Liability Act, SBC 2001, c 45. Retrieved from http://www.bclaws.ca/ Citation in text: (Parental Liability Act, 2001, s 7(3)(b)) Regulations of British Columbia (print version) Child Care Licensing Regulation, BC Reg 332/2007 Citation in text: (Child Care Reg, 2007, s 3(24)(2)) Case Law: Neutral citation (identifies case only, not where located or retrieved) Year=2005 (no parentheses) B.C. Supreme Court 836=Number assigned by Court R v Pickton, 2005 BCSC 836 Citation in text: (R v Pickton, 2005, para. 10) Case Law: Print Source 239=Volume Number Canadian Criminal Cases, 3 rd series 233 = starting page B.C. Court of Appeal R v Ellard (2008), 239 CCC (3d) 233 (BCCA) Citation in text: (R v Ellard, 2008, p. 239) Case Law: Retrieved from the Canadian Legal Information Institute CanLII (canlii.org) R v Glowatski, 1999 CanLII 5608 (BCSC) Citation in text: (R v Glowatski, 1999, para. 17) Case Law: Retrieved from a database (e.g. Quicklaw) R v Ellard (2008), BCJ no 1689 (QL) (BCCA) Citation in text: (R v Ellard, 2008, para. 8) Examples are based on Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation. Also known as The McGill Guide Available at the JIBC Library, Reference Section, KE 259 C36 2014 For examples and explanations, visit the LEGAL SOURCES tab at http://libguides.jibc.ca/apa 12

RUNNING HEAD GOES HERE 13 References Air India trial jury abruptly dismissed. (2010, March 8). Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/air-india-trial-jury-abruptly dismissed-1.921057 Baker, F. M., & Lightfoot, O. B. (1993). Psychiatric care of ethnic elders. In A. C. Gaw (Ed.), Culture, ethnicity, and mental illness (pp. 517-552). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica. Brand, D. (2005). At the Lisbon Plate. In R. Brown & D. Bennett (Eds.), Canadian short stories (pp. 371-386). Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada Inc. (Original work published 1994). Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204-232. Christofides, T. C. (2010). Comments on a method of comparison of randomized response techniques. Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference, 140(10), 574-575. Retrieved from http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-statistical-planning-and-inference/ Dawes, B. (2013). Indigenous North American drama: A multivocal history [Monograph]. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com Fridell, L., & Wycoff, M. A. (Eds.). (2004). Community policing: The past, present and future. Washington, DC: Anne E. Casey Foundation and Police Executive Research Forum. Gandy, D. (Producer). (2003). Cardiac emergencies [DVD]. Carrollton, TX: FETN. Jacobs, E., & Spadaro, N. (2003). Leading groups in corrections: Skills and techniques. Lanham, MD: American Correctional Association. Koenigsberg, M. R., Bartlett, D., & Cramer, J. S. (2004). Facilitating treatment adherence with lifestyle changes in diabetes. American Family Physician, 69(2), 309-316. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040115/309.pdf MacQueen, K. (2009, September 21). Who stole Reid s Haida art pieces? Maclean s, 122(36), 22. McDonald, B. (2009, October 3). There s no pain in team [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/

RUNNING HEAD GOES HERE 14 Mulgrew, I. (2012, July 12). B.C. drivers fined under tougher drunk driving regime can t recover costs. The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved from http://www.vancouversun.com Muscular system: Introduction. (2010). In Anatomy & Physiology Online. Retrieved from http://www.primalonlinelearning.com New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12. National Fire Protection Association. (2014). NFPA 1021: Standard for fire officer professional qualifications. Retrieved from http://codesonline.nfpa.org Nikiforuk, A. (2003, September 6). Three for thought: Everything you need to know about fire. Globe and Mail, p. D19. Shah, P. K., & Chyu, K-Y. (2003). Unstable angina. In M. H. Crawford (Ed.), Current diagnosis & treatment (2 nd ed., Chapter 4). Retrieved from http://www.statref.com/ Statistics Canada. (2003). Child and spousal support: Maintenance enforcement survey statistics. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-228-XIE. Ottawa, ON: Author. Standon, J. (2009). The manly sports: The problematic use of criminal law to regulate sports violence. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 99(3), 619-629. doi:0091-4169/09/9903-0619 United Nations Development Program. (2009). Human development report. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/ Whitelaw, B., Parent, R. B., & Griffiths, C. T. (2004). Community-based strategic policing in Canada (2 nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Thomson Nelson. Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L.,... Griffin, W. A. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 843-856.