http://bellevuecollege.edu/asc/writing Additional APA Documentation Legal Materials Common abbreviations in reference list documentation: Cong. U.S. Congress H.R. House of Representatives S. Senate Reg. Regulation Res. Resolution C.F.R. Code of Federal Regulations F. Federal Reporter F.2d Federal Reporter, Second Series F. Supp. Federal Supplement U.S.C. United States Code Cong. Rec. Congressional Record Fed. Reg. Federal Register aff d affirmed Court Cases In the text of the document, cite the name of the case in italics and the year of the decision. If more than one year is given, cite all years. Note that only v. is used between names for in-text citations. Within a sentence: Broward v. Smith (1976) At the end of a sentence: (Broward v. Smith, 1976) For works with no identified author, give the first few words of the reference list entry and date. The typical reference list entry for court decisions gives the title or name of the case, e.g., party vs. party (in plain text); the citation, usually to a volume and page of one of the books where published cases can be found; and finally, in parentheses, the exact court and the date of the decision. Basic format: Name vs. Name, Volume Abbreviated Source Page (abbreviated Court Year). Example: Broward vs. Smith, 250 F. Supp. 1179 (W.D. Wash. 1976). This example means the decision was rendered by the federal district court for the Western District of Washington in 1976. It appears in volume 250 of the Federal Supplement and starts on page 1179 of that volume. For more information about how to cite legal references, consult the most recent edition of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (18th ed., 2005). Bellevue College does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, language, sex, sexual orientation, including gender identity or expression, disability, or age in its programs and activities. Please see policy 4150 at www.bellevuecollege.edu/policies/. The following people have been designated to handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies: Title IX Coordinator, (425)564-2641, Office C227, and EEOC/504 Compliance Officer, Office R130, (425) 564-2266.
Appealed Cases (from APA manual, (6 th ed.) p. 218): In-text citation: Durflinger v. Artiles (1981/1984) Reference list entry: Durflinger v. Artiles, 563 F. Supp. 322 (D. Kan. 1981), aff d, 727 F.2 nd 888 (10 th Cir. 1984). Explanation: This decision was rendered by the federal district court for the District of Kansas in 1981. On appeal, the decision was affirmed by the 10 th Circuit Court of Appeals in 1984. Cases Decided by the U.S. Supreme Court (APA manual, (6 th ed.) p. 219): Reference list entry: Brown v. Board of Educ., 347 U.S. 483 (1954). Maryland v. Craig, 110 S. Ct. 3160 (1990). The first citation is to the United States Reports.... The second citation is to the Supreme Court Reporter. Use this source when the volume of the United States Reports in which the case will appear has not yet been published. Statutes (APA manual, (6th ed.) pp. 219-220): In the text of your paper, cite the popular or official name of the act (if any) and the year of the act: Mental Health Systems Act (1988) or Mental Health Systems Act of 1988 In the references list entry, include the source and section number of the statute, and in parentheses, give the publication date of the statutory compilation, which may be different from the year in the name of the act (p. 219). Some states may use chapter or article numbers instead of section numbers. Basic format: Name of Act, Volume Source section number (year). Example: Mental Health Systems Act, 42 U.S.C. 9401 (1988). Note: the section symbol is found in the Symbols menu in MS Word under the tab Special Characters. Federal Regulations (APA manual, (6 th ed.) p. 223): In-text citation format: Title/Number (year) Reference list entry format: Title/Number, Volume Source xxx (year). Example: FDA Prescription Drug Advertising Rule, 21 C.F.R. 202.1 (2006).
Executive Orders (APA manual, (6 th ed.) pp. 223-224): In text: Executive Order no. 11,609 (1994) or (Executive Order No. 11,609, 1994) In reference list: Exec. Order No. xxxxx, 3 C.F.R. Page (year). Example: Exec. Order No. 11,609, 3 C.F.R. 586 (1971-1975), reprinted as amended in 3 U.S.C. 301 app. at 404-07 (1994). Explanation: Executive orders are reported in title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations; this one appears on page 586. Provide a parallel citation to the United States Code (U.S.C.) or, if U.S.C. is unavailable, to the United States Code Service (U.S.C.S.). Groups as Authors If a government agency, corporation, or association is the only identified author of a source, the first in-text citation should spell out their name, then, if applicable, an easily identified abbreviation may be used for subsequent citations (APA manual 6 th ed., pp. 176, 177): First in-text citation: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2003) Subsequent citations: NIMH (2003) Parenthetical format, first in-text citation: (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003) Subsequent parenthetical citations: (NIMH, 2003) Group, no abbreviation: University of Pittsburg (2005) or (University of Pittsburg, 2005) Personal Communications Personal communications (e.g., conversations, email, phone interviews, class lectures, instant message chats, anything not archived and retrievable) are to be cited in text only. Give the initials and family name of the communicator, and the exact date if possible. Example: C.K. Gingerschott (personal communication, April 14, 2011) found a shocking trend among student attitudes. The instructor found a shocking trend among student attitudes (C.K. Gingerschott, personal communication, April 14, 2011). If there is an archive of the communication, the source should be documented as to where it can be recovered. See APA manual (6 th ed.) p. 212. 3
Secondary Sources A primary or original source is preferred, but if it is unavailable, or not in English, put the secondary source in the list of references. In the text, name the original work, then in parentheses, as cited in the secondary source. For example, you refer to a researcher s findings that were mentioned in a book by someone else: Fujita revealed (as cited in D Angelo, 2009) that... or..., which was revealed by Fujita (as cited in D Angelo, 2009). In the references list, give the entry for the book authored by D Angelo. Online Communities Online Sources These may include blogs, newsgroups, online forums, and discussion groups, and electronic mailing lists. For in-text citations, as always, give the author(s) s last name and the year. Reference list entry format: Author or screen name. (Year, Month day). Title of message [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL The author name is the usual last name, initials or a screen name, if that is all there is. The date is when the material was posted. After the date, give the message subject line or thread in plain text. In square brackets, describe the message. The URL should be where the message can be found again, and the name of the list to which the message was posted should be mentioned if it is not part of the URL. Blog post (APA manual (6th ed.) p. 215 #76): PZ Myers. (2007, January 22). The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/ the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php A comment on the posting would be thus: MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/ the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php 4
Video blog post (APA manual (6th ed.) p. 215 #77): Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vja83klqxzs Note the title of the video is not italicized, and only the first word is capitalized. Entire electronic book (APA manual (6th ed.) p. 203, #19): O Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemid=135 Electronic book chapter (APA manual (6th ed.) p. 204, #24): Strong, E. K., Jr. & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel Research Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140-146). doi:10.1037/10762-000 If no DOI, then give the URL or database name. Online reference work (APA manual (6th ed.) p. 205, #29): Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism Other Media Sources Film or video recording (APA manual (6th ed.), p. 209, #49): Producer, I. B. (Producer), & Director, Z. B. (Director). (Year). Title of motion picture [Motion Picture]. Country of Origin: Studio. Carr, P. (Producer), & Sommers, S. (Director). (2004). The mummy [DVD]. New York, NY: MCA Universal Home Video. American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://www.apa.org/videos Podcast (APA manual (6 th ed.) p. 210 #50): Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/ 5
Episode from a television series (APA manual (6 th ed.) p. 210 #51): Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive Producer), House. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting. Music recording (APA manual (6 th ed.) p. 210 #52): In-text citations, include side and band or track numbers: Shadow and the Frame (lang, 2008, track 10). References list entry: lang, k.d. (2008). Shadow and the frame. On Watershed [CD]. New York, NY: Nonesuch Records. References American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.) Washington, DC: APA. Nova Southeastern University Libraries. (2009, July). Citing Sources Using APA Manual (6th ed.) 4 Library Handbook. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/library/dils/teachinghandouts/apa/apa_6th_ed.pdf Jordan, A. (2009, November). Citing Sources Using APA Manual (6th ed.) Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/library/dils/teachinghandouts/business/busbriefapa.pdf 6