DEFINITION IS - an expression of comprehension. - used to remove ambiguities. MAN rational animal DEFINIENDUM DEFINIENS
MAN IS A RATIONAL ANIMAL. Subject DEFINIENDUM Predicate DEFINIENS LOGICAL CATEGORIES PREDICATES " PREDICABLES Classifications of Predicates " PREDICAMENTS Universal Categories/ Classifications of Being
PREDICABLES " GENUS the class/genera under which the subject belongs. MAN IS AN ANIMAL. " SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE the distinctive characteristic that singles out the subject from the other members of the genus. MAN IS RATIONAL.
PREDICABLES " SPECIE the essence of the subject. specie = genus + specific difference MAN IS A RATIONAL ANIMAL. " PROPERTY a characteristic of the essence that flows from the specie. - a necessary accident MAN IS CAPABLE OF LEARNING.
PREDICABLES " ACCIDENT a characteristic of the subject that is not necessary to it. MAN IS TALL.
PREDICAMENTS - also known as the Aristotelian Categories - Substance and the Nine Accidents
PREDICAMENTS " SUBSTANCE that which can exist in itself and for itself. - substare to stand on its own. THE NINE ACCIDENTS that which may or may not exists in the subject.
PREDICAMENTS THE NINE ACCIDENTS accidents within the substance " QUANTITY having extended and measurable parts (How much? How may?) " QUALITY formal modification present in the substance or in another accident.
PREDICAMENTS Kinds of Qualities " Habit permanent quality -action done with ease, mastery, frequency and pleasure " Entitative (the leaf is green) " Operative (chickens cluck) " Disposition non-permanent quality
PREDICAMENTS Kinds of Qualities " Capability and Incapability " Capability power and strength for action. " Incapability shortcoming of strength " Form and Figure " Form shape of artificial things " Figure share of natural things
PREDICAMENTS Kinds of Qualities " Passion and Passive Modification " Passion quality resulting to some alteration; psychological change/reaction. " Passive Modification physiological evidence of passion.
PREDICAMENTS THE NINE ACCIDENTS circumstantial determinations " RELATION reference of one substance to another. " ACTION motion of a substance inducing a change to another " PASSION reception of change from another substance
PREDICAMENTS THE NINE ACCIDENTS circumstantial determinations " TIME (TERMINUS) When? " PLACE (LOCUS) Where? " POSTURE (SITUS) disposition of its parts, position " HABIT (HABITUS) external vestment
DEFINITION - BY DENOTATION: " Examples " Ostensive (by gesture/pointing) " Quasi-ostensive definitions (by gesture and description) - BY CONNOTATION: " Synonymous Definition " Operational Definition " Definition by Genus and Specific Difference
DEFINITION Rules on Definition by Genus and Specific Difference: Specie = Genus + Specific Difference - Must state the essential attributes of the subject.
DEFINITION Rules on Definition by Genus and Specific Difference: " MUST NOT BE CIRCULAR. To run is the act of running. (the definiendum should not appear in the definiens)
DEFINITION Rules on Definition by Genus and Specific Difference: " MUST NEITHER BE TOO BROAD NOR TOO NARROW. A dog is a vertebrate. (genus, too broad) A dog is brown. (accident, too narrow)
DEFINITION Rules on Definition by Genus and Specific Difference: " MUST NOT BE EXPRESSED IN AMBIGOUS, OBSCURE AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE. God is the Master of my life. (figurative) Prayer is a deliberate utterance of repressions and propaganda. (obscure)
DEFINITION Rules on Definition by Genus and Specific Difference: " MUST NOT BE EXPRESSED IN THE NEGATIVE WHILE IT CAN BE POSITIVE. The couch is a piece of furniture that is not a bench. Exemptions: privative words. Baldness is the absence of hair on the head.
The end is the termination of an activity.