Multimedia Systems & Applications 1. More Scenarios for Multimedia Applications Broadcast / Telecommunications convergence 45 Min 2. Für die Multimedia-Kommunikation relevante Netze und Netzzugänge (I. Sebestyen + F. Burkert) Wireline Networks (I. Sebestyen) 30 Min Circuit Switched Networks (I. Sebestyen) Packet Switched Network Internet (B. Hammer) Mobile Networks (F.Burkert) 2.5.2001 Circuit Switched Packet Switched 3. Wireline Broadband Access Technology (xdsl) 60 Min 4. ITU-T Realtime Multimedia Systeme (ITU-T H.3xx) 90 Min ITU-T H.320 ITU-T H.323 ITU-T H.310 5. IETF Relatime Multimedia (VoiP) Systeme (B.Hammer) Dr. Istvan Sebestyen; Siemens AG, ICN M SR3; D-81359 München; Tel.: +49-89-722 47230; Istvan.Sebestyen@icn.siemens.de
LV # 622.776 Multimedia Kommunikation (VK) Broadcast / Telecommunications convergence Scenarios Dr. Sebestyen
Applications Overview and Trends TV / FILM Audio/Video Data Entertainment Information/Multimedia Computer interactivity & intelligent processing Business Information Services Maintenance / Repair CSCW / Teleworking Digital TV Video on Demand Games Archives/Databases Production & Processing Sevices Information Service Telebanking Homeshopping Communication Videophone/-conference Mobile Video Multimedia Mail Industrial applications Process surveillance Security Medicine PACS Telemedicine Communication global access
Broadcasting vs. Telecoms Both broadcasting and telecommunications are important industries and both are playing their respective role in our societies. Both are mature industries and both have been highly successful, since several decades, in terms of building up a large consumer base, huge turnouts, large numbers of radio/tv receivers and telecom terminals used, extensive infrastructures large numbers of workers
Broadcasting vs. Telecoms In the past, they have been evolving separately in different directions as two entirely different entities. Since last two decades, both industries made significant progress in adopting digital technologies. More recently, they embarked into packet-based technologies and the development of multimedia services and applications with the following common features: increased mobility, geographical and time independence, individualisation and personalisation, Interactive and on-demand services, better technical quality and increased security
Broadcasting vs. Telecoms It is important to understand the differences between these separate industries Telecoms is mainly one-to-one Broadcasting is mainly one-to-many - All users tuned to a given channel receive the same content From the all-important perspective of users: Both models will continue to be needed for different types of services and applications Both models have advantages and disadvantages
Broadcasting vs. Telecoms Economists designate free-to-air broadcasting as a public good because the marginal cost of extra viewers or listeners is zero Telecoms operators get more revenue as the use of their networks increases Broadcasters are mainly interested in content Delivery technologies are incidental to them Telecoms operators are mainly interested in delivery systems Content is incidental, but will become more important as the impetus for new services
s Multimedia convergence Broadcaster Service provision Broadcast Network Internet / Telecom Provider Internet Core transport Node Node Headend Headend HFC HFC LMDS LMDS Access Core Network IP, ATM, SDH, WDM POTS POTS ISDN ISDN xdsl xdsl fibre fibre GSM GSM GPRS GPRS UMTS UMTS User Terminal
Broadcasters Sound radio and television are the most important mass media and play a major and irreplaceable part in the lives of the people Radio is simple, ubiquitous, free service, non-expensive receivers, mobile and portable, user-friendly, informative and trusted medium Television is more sophisticated, used in the home/family, provides entertainment, information and education Both radio and TV are in the process of radical changes and move towards digitisation and multimedia
Content The choice of TV services available to the average consumer has increased dramatically, but expenditure on new programmes has not kept pace with this expansion Traditional broadcast services (i.e. one-to-many & one-way) will continue to be important because mass audiences are required to cover the costs of high quality content production Broadcasters will also embrace the opportunities offered by multimedia services and applications, including interactive and on-demand services Users will transform themselves from passive consumers to active creators able to choose the content and presentation to their liking
Broadcast Delivery Broadcasters (content providers) will probably become agnostic about delivery systems The existing analogue terrestrial transmissions will remain attractive because they are almost universally available Radio broadcasters can choose from: AM FM DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Internet & its successors
TV Delivery Systems TV broadcasters will choose from: analogue terrestrial analogue satellite digital satellite (DVB-S) digital terrestrial (DVB-T) digital cable (DVB-C) digital MMDS (DVB-MC & DVB-MS) Internet and its successors UMTS or GPRS broadband radio services (BRAN, MBS)
Digital Audio Broadcasting - DAB Eureka 147 DAB system, first shown publicly in 1988 in Geneva Recommended by ITU-R as a a worldwide standard Terrestrial system using OFDM modulation, very robust, 1.5 Mbs channel, audio and data (multimedia) services 300 million people in 25 countries worldwide are within DAB reach Coverage in the UK is 79% of the population 509 different DAB services are available 225 PSB, 284 CS 25 manufacturers are making 16 different types of consumer products car, home, portable radios and PC cards Prices to fall by 50% or more (to 99) by end of 2001!
UMTS and other radio technologies Stationary PSTN ISDN xdsl DVB cable Pedestrian GPRS UMTS DVB satellite Mobile GSM DAB DVB terrestrial 1 10 100 1'000 10'000 100'000 Bit rate (kb/s)
Digital Video Broadcasting - DVB Family of DVB standards based on ISO MPEG-2 Satellite, Cable, Terrestrial and MMDS De facto worldwide standard, flexible, robust, different bit rates and channels Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) paves the way to multimedia 7 million BSkyB and 1 million OnDigital set-top-boxes in the UK In UK, STB are given away for free different business model than for DAB Terrestrial DVB is bogged down by the spectrum scarcity in Europe
DVB: Aufbau eines Transportstrompakets ein Transportstrompaket = 188 Byte (MPEG2 packet) 4 Byte Header 184 Byte Payload Continuity-Counter Paket-ID (spezifisch für jeden Elementarstrom) Synchronwort 0x47
Aufbau des DVB - Datenstroms Steuerung Service 1 1001011 Video Audio Daten MODULATOR Service 2 1001011 Video Audio Daten MULTIPLEXER DVB-S DVB-T weitere TS DVB-C Service- Informationen
Datenkapazität bei PAL und DVB Pal 100% = 6,9 Mbit/s DVB 100% = 33,8 Mbit/s (ARD/ZDF via ASTRA) 6xTV 76,2% Video 75% Daten 2,5% = 170 kbit/s Austastung (H+V) + Prüfzeilen 22,5% PSI/SI 0,8% 10xHF 5,1% Nullpakete 7,3% Datendienste 10,6% = 3,6 Mbit/s (Stand: IFA 97)
Rückkanäle bei DVB (heute) DVB - "Return Channel" Telefonnetz Anruf, Postkarte
Kommerzielle Datendienste Beispiel: ASTRA - NET der European Satellite Multimedia Services (ESM) 1 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 E 1 F 1 G 64 Transponder (4x16) unteres Band / analog moduliert 56 Transponder (2x20+16) oberes Band / digital moduliert Datenempfang mit PC zur Zeit über eine Schüssel insgesamt ca. 2 Gbit/s verfügbar Buchung beliebiger Teilkapazitäten möglich
EBU Statement on DAB versus DVB-T DAB is to serve radio communities DVB-T is to serve television communities Similar technologies (OFDM) Different emphasis but complementary systems Both are needed and both should be deployed DVB-T cannot replace DAB, even not in a longer term DVB-T is able to carry radio services but this may represent only a minority market Both systems will be used for mobile Multimedia in future
Digital radio Mondiale - DRM DRM is being developed to replace analogue LW, MF and SW radio below 30 MHz Designed as a flexible system able to overcome adverse propagation conditions deep and long fades, echoes and multipath A variety of audio and channel coding options and modulation schemes to copy with different channel bandwidth requirements
Broadcasting to Mobile and Portable terminals DRM DAB DVB-T Channel bandwidth Total bitrate Useful bitrate 9 khz 1.5 MHz 7-8 MHz 24 kbs 2.3 Mbs 24-30 Mbs 16 kbs 1.5 Mbs 16 Mbs
UMTS Stationary 2 Mb/s Pedestrian 384 kb/s Mobile 144 kb/s 1 10 100 1'000 10'000 100'000 Bit rate (kb/s)
Analogue-to-digital transition Digital technology must be significantly better in any respect than analogue radio for all players, especially for consumers An agreed introduction strategy and concerted/synchronous efforts of all major players at a national level public service and commercial broadcasters new content providers receiver/transmitter/ic manufacturers network operators spectrum regulators retailers users: customer awareness Public and governmental support is absolutely needed
A national matter Each and every country in Europe has very specific economic, cultural and media regulation situation Broadcasting (and electronic media) is a matter of national states or even regions (e.g. Germany) Any implementation plan and analogue switch-off strategy should take into account national broadcasting diversities and national priorities International organisations and associations (such as EBU) are valuable but cannot replace national efforts and decisions. They should however provide common technology standards, implementation guidelines, lobbying, promotion and advice
Governmental decision Digital may take several years to reach the level of the present analogue broadcasting Transition to digital may be much slower than expected, unless there is a concerted effort at a a national level Broadcasting will ultimately become digital, but at what stage the analogue stations may be withdrawn? As the transition is a costly exercise, small and commercial stations may remain on analogue for very long A governmental announcement of the analogue withdrawal deadline at an early stage would have a positive effect
Analogue Switch-Off A timely announcement of Analogue Switch-Off (ASO) by the national government will have the following advantages: A CLEAR SIGNAL TO ALL PLAYERS about the intentions of the government and will accelerate A-D transition NETWORK PROVIDERS - will reduce transmission cost which is now doubled due to simulcasting in analogue and digital. More money will be available for the completion of terrestrial networks ADMINISTRATIONS/REGULATORS - will be able to use parts of the analogue spectrum soon after ASO CUSTOMERS - will be encouraged to purchase digital STBs as of now MANUFACTURERS - will sell more digital products and the prices would go gradually down, diversity of receivers will increase
Interactive Multimedia Broadcasting LEVEL 1: LOCAL INTERACTIVITY - storage in the terminal (e.g. TV Anytime) LEVEL 2: ONE-WAY RETURN CHANNEL LEVEL 3: TWO-WAY INTERACTIVE CHANNEL *
LEVEL 1 Interactive Broadcasting No return link needed Internal storage device in the user terminal to allow: linear programmes to be consumed in a non-linear manner (e.g. a news bulletin) users to order a programme to be recorded by a single click during a trailer intelligent agents to record programmes that they think you might want to listen to sophisticated interactive multimedia information services, continuously up-dated and available instantly to consumers automatic indexing of recorded programmes Examples: TV Anytime Project, TiVo
LEVEL 2 Interactive Broadcasting Interactive Broadcasts can be further enhanced by the use of a narrow-band return channel (e.g. GSM, GPRS, UMTS, Internet) DAB or DVB-T can be used as forward transport media in connection with return channel Return channel connects the end user with the content originator: content provider service provider multiplex provider Supplementary individually addressed traffic Possibility for secure encryption or charging mechanisms
LEVEL 3 Interactive Broadcasting LEVEL 3 allows for PERSONAL BROADCASTING DAB or DVB-T used as transport medium for broadcast and individually addressed traffic in connection with an interactive channel (e. g. PSTN, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, Internet) Highly assymetric services Requires roaming/handover network functionalities Requires secure encryption and charging mechanisms A WorldDAB project DAB/Mobile using SIM and Java card for transactions will start in the autumn Joint UMTS Forum / DVB Forum group (see TM 2466)
Scenario 1: Integration at the terminal level DTV Broadcaster(s) Data carrousel Mux DxB TX DVB-T Mobile terminal ISP Mobile Operator Base Station UMTS/UTRA DVB or UMTS
Scenario 2: IP services on co-ordinated UMTS and DVB networks DTV Broadcaster Mux DxB TX DVB-T Mobile terminal Data carrousel/ multicasting ISP Mobile Operator Base Station UMTS/UTRA DVB or UMTS
Scenario 3: UMTS as an interaction channel Broadcaster ITV RC ISP DTV Mux Data carrousel/ multicasting Mobile Operator DxB TX DVB-T Mobile terminal UMTS/UTRA DVB or UMTS Base Station
Scenario 4: Delivery of DVB TV over UMTS Broadcaster UMTS terminal DTV B-UMTS BS UMTS/UTRA ISP Mobile Operator Base Station TV on demand
Scenario 5: UMTS network with an integrated DVB-T downlink Data carrousel/ multicasting DVB-T TX DVB-T UMTS/UTRA Mobile terminal ISP Mobile Operator Base Station
Broadcast Multimedia Services News and sport Weather Special events Polling and voting Tell me more Infoseek Travel information Traffic information Navigation Internet access EPG Near video-on-demand Games Oriented advertisment Home shopping Electronic banking Mobile office Education Interactive training Handicap support
IP over broadcast channels DAB and DVB broadcast channels have relatively large bandwidth but for regulatory reasons only a small portion (typically, less than 20%) can be used for data services such as IP multimedia Access to web pages via broadcast channels is fast and reliable Broadcasters may adopt a concept of a Walled garden : Pre-selection of Web pages limits the usefulness of this service compared with full Internet access. Broadcaster decides on a selection of best sites and transmits the same sites to all customers Customers can browse locally between the sites chosen by the broadcaster. Interaction channel is provided by a telecommunication channel
Push Technology Push technology is similar to broadcasting - one to many Multimedia files are pushed from a broadcaster as e-mails to the subscriber computers (typically several hundreds only) different from broadcasting is that users can only receive their narrowcast information according to their individual user profile Push services delivered over the Internet allow users to specify their interests: news items about specific subjects, share prices for a particular company, etc. The user s computer periodically checks if any relevant new information is available, and downloads it for display The number of subscribers could increase if dial-up connections are replaced by fast Internet broadcast channels
Webcasting Broadcasting over the internet - complementary to conventional over-air broadcasting Continuous live streaming On demand streaming On demand downloading Global access, full interactivity, personal filters, niche themes, audience monitoring Poor technical quality, but HOW POOR? Compression schemes Network bandwidth, packet loss, jitter
Possible areas of common interest Common receiver/terminal (human-machine interface) Portable/personal terminal (possibly integrated with a PDA) Common API protocols, interfaces and metadata Common networks and roaming strategies Common billing/security/transactional models Common IP technology for multimedia
Conclusion There are opportunities for broadcast and telecommunications to work together Synergy of the two platforms can strengthen both and enable new services and applications to develop UMTS should preferably be used for individual communication Broadcast channels are suited for high bitrate media distribution to large audiences Several scenarios for practical cooperation are possible Joint development and market activities are necessary to futher the business opportunities.
Conclusion In future broadcasters will probably become agnostic about delivery systems - they will use any broadcast or non-broadcast channel if it offers clear advantages for their audiences Broadcasters will use a variety of receiver terminals to reach their audiences Broadcasters will focus on the provision of rich content, increase diversity of programme choice develop attractive data/multimedia applications interactive broadcasting services
Introduction to networks Few introductory remarks to: networks access technologies services, applications Concepts explained on the basis of the Japanese HIKARI Project (a typical project...)
Example: Growth of Users in Japan (million) 80 Number of users 60 40 20 Analog telephones Mobile phones? (2000.3) The Internet (Fixed and mobile access) 0 ISDN + ADSL + fiber-optic access 94.3 95.3 96.3 97.3 98.3 99.3 00.3 01.3 02.3 03.3
Forecast of Internet Access in Japan Number of households Use of super-high-speed access (FTTH) Use of high-speed access ( DSL, CATV) 10 Million 30 Million Use of low speed access (POTS, ISDN) 40 Million Target of e-japan Priority Policy Program 1997.3 2006.3 Forecasted by InfoCom Research Inc.
Concept of HIKARI-Soft Services HIKARI content Broadcasting, publishing, music and entertainment markets CD DPE Movies HIKARI commerce Distribution, finance and manufacturing markets HIKARI community/ collaboration Medical care, welfare, and public service markets Government School, library Piano lesson Optical network Hospital Service creation Information sharing platform Optical network terminals HIKARI-soft service infrastructure
Deployment of Diverse Access Services Business Nomadic service Home, SOHO P-MP FWA -10 Mb/s Leased circuit -600 Mb/s ( ATM Megalink) P-P FWA 6-156 Mb/s BS AWA Max. 36 Mb/s B S S BS Local and intra-pref. network BS AWA Max. 36 Mb/s BS Medium to highspeed IP <wireless> Max. 10 Mb/s Fiber-optic IP network Max. 100 Mb/s ( BPON) Fiber-optic IP network Max. 10 Mb/s ( STM-PDS) Giga IP G b/s Leased circuit,... Wide LAN Max. 10 Mb/s ADSL Down: max. 1.5 Mb/s Up: max. 512 kb/s CATV Copper Fiber Wireless (Note) Services under study are included.
Information Sharing Platform Content applications Music, game Books, newspapers Broadcastings, movie Sports, concert Medical care, education Business Commerce Information sharing platform Network infrastructure Content sharing Platform Application Platform Middleware Platform Authentication, notarization Copyright management Storage and delivery (Time specified delivery, On-demand delivery) Billing and transaction (E-money) Content conversion Live data distribution (Bandwidth scheduling) Secure delivery Marketing Distribution of rights (E-ticket) Advanced distribution (Media QoS conversion) IP, FR, ATM, optical fiber, wireless, satellite,... Search Rating Multi-purpose Smart card Smart card