Cyclotrons at Scanditronix Cyclotron User Workshop Oslo, May 13 15 2013 Stefan Johansson Åbo Akademi University 6.6.2013 1
A Joint National Research Institute of University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital www.pet.fi 6.6.2013 2
The roles of host organisations Åbo Akademi Radionuclide production - Cyclotrons University of Turku Radiochemistry Imaging Turku University Hospital Imaging 6.6.2013 3
today Staff 84 and researchers 114 Centre of Excellence in Research status by Academy of Finland Internationally unique imaging infrastucture Clinical and preclinical imaging 6 PET/TT, 2 PET/MRI, ultrasound Cyclotron and radiochemistry laboratories 3 cyclotrons, Ga-generators 19 hot cells (13 GMP) >70 different tracers produced Investments total more than 43 Meur (not corrected for inflation) Running costs >10 Meur/y of which 73% outside funding Publications per year 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Thesis In Finnish IF < 1 IF 1.0-2.9 IF 3.0-4.9 IF 5.0 - www.pet.fi
today 84 persons in staff and 115 investigators Imaging devices 6 PET/CT GE Discovery VCT (whole-body PET/CT) GE D690 (whole-body PET/CT) Siemens HR+ (whole-body PET) HRRT (brain/animal PET) 2 Siemens Inveon (small animal PET/CT) 1 PET/MRI 3T 1 MRI: Philips 1.5T 3 Ultrasound scanners 2 Acuson (Doppler echocardiography) VisualSonics Vevo2100 (small animal ultrasound) Radiochemistry laboratory 3 cyclotrons, 2 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generators 19 hot cells (13 in GMP) >40 different tracers in routine use Facilities 3000 m 2 Clinical and preclinical imaging laboratories www.pet.fi
Campus MGC-20 CC 18/9 Cyclon 3 Medi City Åbo Akademi Univ. Gadolinia Building 6.6.2013 6
Biomedical in vivo Imaging infrastruture in the Imaging Platform Optical imaging system 3T MRI/PET Philips 1,5 T MRI GE VCT PET/CT 64-slice CT Micro-CT Animal US Animal/human PET HRRT GE D690 PET/CT Fuji FLA-7000 Phosphor imaging device Siemens Inveon multimodality Animal PET/CT Human Digital US SIEMENS PET HR+ Ex vivo In vivo non-clinical Clinical
Tracers at F-18 Tracers C-11 Tracers O-15 Tracers [18F]FDG [11C]Acetate O-15-water [18F]FDOPA [11C]Carfentanil O-15-CO [18F]CFT [11C]CFT O-15-O2 [18F]FTHA [11C]Choline [18F]F - [11C]CIT Cu-64 Tracers [18F]L165 [11C]Deprenyl Cu-64-Exendin [18F]FETNIM [11C]DOPA [18F]FBPA [11C]FLB457 [18F]FDA [11C]Flumazenil [18F]AH110691 [11C]MeAIB [18F]EF5 [11C]Methionine [18F]DPA [11C]MHED [18F]FEMPA [11C]MP4A [18F]Flutematamol [11C]MTO [11C]NMSP Ga-68 Tracers [11C]NNC756 Ga-DOTATOC [11C]Palmitic acid Ga-Bombesin [11C]Raclopride DOTAVAP-PEG-P2 [11C]SCH23390 Ga- PAPP-A-NOTA [11C]SCH39166 Ga-[(3-EtOsal) 2 Me 4 BAPEN] + [11C]WAY100635 Ga-[(3-MeOsal) 2 BAPDMEN] + [11C]MP4B Ga-[(3-MeOsal) 2 Me 4 BAPEN] + [11C]PIB Ga[(sal) 2 BAPDMEN] + [11C]AH110690 Ga-ATSM [11C]PK 11195 Ga-DOTA [11C]ORMA Ga-DOTA-Bombesin [11C]Madam Ga-NODAGA-Exendin [11C]Deuterium deprenyl Ga-NOTA [11C]TMSX Ga-NOTAVAP-Ab [11C]PE21 Ga-oligo (22mer) [11C]ORMB Ga-PAPP-A-NOTA 6.6.2013 8
KPL Number of clinical pet studies 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1999 1647 1484 1169 962 874 738 429 520 280 290 335 206 55 81 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cyclotrons MGC-20, Efremov Institute, 1974 (ÅA) Cyclone-3, IBA, 1992 (TUCH) CC-18/9, Efremov Institute, 2004 (ÅA)
Cyclotron personnel 2 Physicists 2 Engineers MGC-20 and CC18 Cyclotrons 1 Engineer MGC-20 2 Chemists CC 18/9 targetry 6.6.2013 11
MGC-20 Cyclotron - Manufactured by Efremov Institute in St. Petersburg - Installed 1974-7 made - Pesochny, St Petersburg (Russia) - Åbo Akademi, Turku (Finland) - Technical University, St Petersburg (Russia) - V.G Khlopin Radium Institute, St Petersburg (Russia) - Atomki, Debrecen (Hungary) - Pyongyang (North Korea) - Inshas, Cairo (Egypt) 6.6.2013 12
Layout of the MGC-20 laboratory 6.6.2013 13
MGC-20 Cyclotron Protons 3 20 MeV Deuterons 3 10 MeV 3 He 8 27 MeV 4 He 6 20 MeV Pole diameter: 103 cm Ion Source: Livingston Hot Filament 6.6.2013 14
Vacuum System Cyclotron, 2 diffusion pumps 320 mm with baffles Santovac 5 oil 5 x 10-6 mbar operating pressure with beam Beam line turbo molecular pumps 100 mm Fore pumps, rotary vane 4 60 m 3 /h 6.6.2013 15
MGC-20 Cyclotron opened, 2004 6.6.2013 16
MGC-20 Cyclotron opened and resonator removed 6.6.2013 17
MGC-20 deflector and puller Removed melted septum Unused deflector Puller slit before it was replaced 6.6.2013 18
Research with MGC-20 Present - Radionuclide production - PIXE - PIGE Past - Optical studies of gas targets - Nuclear physics - CPAA 6.6.2013 19
Old analog control desk 6.6.2013 20
Rebuilt Control System PLC, Mitsibishi A-series for control and interlock - Vacuum system - Power supplies - Targets - User interface made with InTouch Fieldbus and PC for tuning the cyclotron - Interbus-S ( PC Card ISA bus ) - Windows NT 3.5 - GPIB bus for multiplexers and picoammeters - User interface written in Delphi 3 6.6.2013 21
MGC-20 User Interface Magnetic Field 6.6.2013 22
MGC-20 User Interface Rf System Most important information always visible 6.6.2013 23
RF System Frequency Range 8.5 26 MHz 2 Dees, 120 deg. push pull mode Resonator with movable panels Final stages triodes 3CW30000H7 Triode Prefinal stage 1 GU-91 B Tetrode 2 GU-95B Tetrode Transistor preamplifier Anode power limited to 40 kw Macropulsing of Rf 1.25 300 Hz Duty cycle 1-100% 6.6.2013 24
MGC-20 RF System Rf Control Unit Prefinal Amplifier Final Stage 6.6.2013 25
Final Stage Capacitive coupling to Dee Adjustable Capacitor 6.6.2013 26
Prefinal tubes GU-95B GU-91B ( 4CX1600B ) Socket different 6.6.2013 27
Power Supply Room Main Magnet Bruker 0-450 A Interbus-S Interface Trim Coils for main magnetic field Kenwood 0-10 A Polarity switches controlled by computer external relay, switches at zero crossing Beam Lines Correctors: Kenwood 0-3 A Lens 1 and 2: Glassman Europe 0-40 A Lens 3-5: Powerbox 0-40 A Switching Magnet Bruker 0 350 A Interbus-S Interface Anode Power Supply, 1 10 kv, 5 A Strömberg SMEK DC motor controller Modified for the HV rectifier Harmonic Coils Internal: Kenwood 0-10 A External: Kenwood 0-20 A Coil Currents calculated by software Polarity switched by external relay 6.6.2013 28
Field Bus Modules for Power Supplies Old Interbus-S I/O from the end of 1980s Compact Interbus-S Bus terminal and Analog I/O Modular Interbus-S, available on the market Newer Interbus-S modules 1990s, still available on the market 6.6.2013 29
Maintenance MGC-20 Cyclotron switched on for 763 h 2012, of witch 202 h beam on target Ion Source - filament: 2.5 mm 2 Ta wire - life time 250-400 h with protons and 3 He and 4 He max 50 h - Ion source maintenance once a year, cleaning, new diafragm and filament Cyclotron, opened only if needed - Puller changed in 1995 ( only proton beam last 15 years ) - Septum grinded in 2004 Uptime: > 99% 6.6.2013 30
Empty Bunker CC 18/9 Cyclotron 6.6.2013 31
CC 18/9 Cyclotron
CC 18/9 Cyclotron External Cusp H - ion source 2 Beam ports 1 Beam line, switching magnet with 4 target positions Oil free vacuum Cyclotron: 1 Cryo pump 1 Turbo pump as backup pump Ion source: 1 Turbo pump Inject. Line: 1 Turbo pump Beam Line: 1 Turbo pump 5 Scroll pumps 6.6.2013 33
CC 18/9 - Targetry
Radionuclide production 18 F- Yield 120 min 3 Ci 40 µa, 40 bar 11 C CO 2 Yield 20 min 2.2 Ci 40 µa 11 C CH 4 Yield 20 min 1.9 Ci 40 µa Grid support for target foils, no helium cooling 64 Cu Degrader He atmosphere 6.6.2013 35
Old Rf Control system, CC 18/9 70 Quick change in resonance point due to heating 60 Trimmer goes in wrong direction 2500 Safety system switch off amplifier 2000 50 40 30 20 Beam On 1500 1000 Dee Voltage Real Trimmer position FWD pow Transistor Ampl Trimmer Stepper Counter 10 Rf On 500 0 10:33:36 10:40:48 10:48:00 10:55:12 11:02:24 11:09:36 11:16:48 11:24:00 0 6.6.2013 36
New RF control system for CC 18/9 Cyclotron Rack mounted PC, Windows XP PCI bus: XILINC Spartan 3, FPGA Analog Signals: 4 Channel 40 MHz ADC - Dee and Buncher Voltage - Forward and reflected power 2 Channel DDS Synthesizer outputs - Rf amplifier for Dees - Buncher Amplifier Digital Signals: 2 interlock inputs 2 stepper motor controller pulse outputs Syncronization for Rf amplifier Syncronization for Beam current measurements Online oscilloscope window for monitoring feedback signals 6.6.2013 37
New Rf control System, CC 18/9 35 80 30 Resonator in better resonance 75 70 25 Resonator Jump Trimmer follows 65 20 15 60 55 50 TA FWD Pow Trimmer Position 10 45 40 5 35 0 10:33:36 11:02:24 11:31:12 12:00:00 12:28:48 12:57:36 30 6.6.2013 38
CC 18/9 Tuning Interface 6.6.2013 39
Thank you for your attention! 6.6.2013 40