The Language Of Medicine - PDF Free Download

Chapter Goals Identify basic objectives to guide your study of the medical language. Divide medical words into their component parts. Learn the meanings of basic combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes of the medical language. Use these combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes to build medical words. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3

Objectives in Studying The Medical Language Analyze words by dividing them into component parts. Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body. Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5

QUICK QUIZ: (cont d) 2. Which element appears at the beginning of a medical term? A. Suffix B. Prefix C. Combining vowel D. Combining form Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7

Word Analysis (cont d) Important elements: Root: foundation of the term Suffix: word ending Prefix: word beginning Combining vowel: vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root and aids pronunciation Combining form: combination of the root and the combining vowel Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10

Word Analysis (cont d) ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM root root suffix combining vowels electr means electricity cardi means heart -gram means record Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12

Word Analysis (cont d) GASTR/ITIS root suffix gastr means stomach -itis means inflammation Note: Drop combining vowel when suffix starts with a vowel (as in itis ) Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14

Word Analysis (cont d) GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY root root suffix combining vowels gastr means stomach enter means intestines -logy means process of study Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16

Word Analysis (cont d) THREE General Rules: 1. Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not gastroitis 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology not gastrenterology Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17

Suffixes (cont d) -opsy -osis -pathy -scope -scopy process of viewing condition, usually abnormal disease condition instrument to visually examine process of visually examining Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 48

Prefixes (cont d) a-, anaut-, autodiaendoepiex-, exo- no, not, without self, own complete, through within above, upon out, outside of, outward Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 52

Prefixes (cont d) hyperhypoinperipro- excessive, above, more than normal deficient, below, under, less than normal into, in surrounding, around before, forward Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 54

Pronunciation of Terms When is above a vowel, the sound is long. For example: ā as in āpe ō as in ōpen When is above a vowel, the sound is short. For example: ă as in ăpple ŏ as in pŏt The capitalized syllable is accented. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 57

Pronunciation of Terms (cont d) Examples: adenitis biology cephalic iatrogenic resection ăd-ĕ-nī-tĭs bī-ol-ō-jē se-făl-ĭk i-ăt-rō-jĕn-ĭk rē-sĕk-shŭn Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 58