University Presses in Germany Publishing Services in an Open Access Environment ALA 2008 Annual Meeting, WESS Germanists Discussion Group Anaheim 2009-06-29 Dr. Birgit Schmidt, Göttingen State and University Library bschmidt@sub.uni-goettingen.de - Electronic Publishing -
Überblick Introduction: A role for University Presses University Presses in Germany Göttingen UP as an example Cooperation & Networking
Scholarly Communications in a Digital Age How do academic/research institutions use the options of digital publishing? Almost every scientific research effort results in some kind of publication. Digital dissemination venues: increase of (informal) communication & (formal) publishing All disciplines: smaller units = articles in collections & journals Books still play an important role in the HSS Scholars are individually exposed to market forces market prices, rigid copyright regime, few publishing opportunities if the expectation of return is low Access and re-use is hindered Universities spend more and more attention to publishing alternatives Some alternatives: institutional publication policies, development of infrastructures & services for Open Access dissemination (repositories, OAjournals, publishers with OA option)
Challenges for University Presses Pressure on library budgets: decreasing rates are spend for books: Journals (STM) > Js (HSS) > textbooks > monographs Print on Demand + precisely fitting print rates + low binding of capital - lower return flows: decreasing sales, lower surplus per copy Challenges for UPs: Financial pressure from mother institution, low willingness for investments
What Role do University Presses play in Scholarly Communications? As non-commercial publishers (NFP) UPs follow primarily cultural missions, not profit-maximizing goals. NFPs stimulate the publishing market and can invent changes. Ex.: HighWire Press, Stanford U Library Journal Platform with various access models >1.155 Zss, 44 OA, 249 delayed OA Smaller initiatives: OA-Journals on the basis of OJS (there are a few journal platforms in Germany, but in general not more than 10-15 journals, Ex.: DiPP NRW, German Medical Science, Copernicus Publications) UPs create quality-proof publications out of manuscripts - with a majority of publication in the Humanities and Social Sciences (Ex. GUP 60:40 für HSS:STM)
Potential & Mission of UPs Self-determined routes of publishing, including Open Access options Development of adopted innovative solutions, primarily for the own community Marketing & dissemination of outstanding research combined with the institutions branding Electronic Publishing Competence Center: information about copyright, publishing alternatives New Foundations/Reinvention of University Presses with explicit OA mission: Rice UP, Computers and Composition Digital Press (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, U Miami, Ohio State U), Karlsruhe UP, Hamburg UP,
How is the situation in Germany? Digital Repositories About 150 research institutions have one In general hosted by the library Some expansion in deposit rates since the change of the copyright rules by the end of last year Efforts to build repository networks & high quality services Accepted as a (somehow necessary) infrastructure University Presses Typically run in cooperation with the University Library Almost all founded since the mid 1990s Open Access is typically included in publication policy Hybrid publication model: OA e-version + print-on-demand Cost recovery model: author/institution Small-scale enterprises in general about 20-40 books/yr Sometimes not very well received by (smaller) commercial publishers
University Presses in Germany University of Bamberg Press 2007 Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin 2004 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2003 Hamburg University Press 2002 Universitätsverlag Hildesheim 1997 Universitätsverlag Ilmenau 2006 Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe 2003 Kassel University Press 1997 Mannheim University Press 2005 BIS-Verlag der Universität Oldenburg 1980 Universitätsverlag Potsdam 1998 Verlag der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar 1952 8
www.univerlag.uni-goettingen.de
A Typical Example? Universitätsverlag Göttingen Founded 2003 as press of Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (founded in 1837, university printer became an independent commercial publisher: Vandehoek&Ruprecht) run as a service of Goettingen State and University Library (SUB) covers all scientific disciplines of the university Strong focus on Open Access Publication Model: Hybrid = OA + PoD Authors retain maximum of intellectual property rights Quality assurance Open Access resolution of Georg-August-Universität: December 2005 (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_2/pub/resolution.pdf) Publication Policy, Dec. 2006: OA as publication principle, RoMEO green publisher Since spring 2007: Electronic Publishing division: Institutional Repository, E-Diss, Print-on-Demand-Service, coordination of OA projects
GUP: Services & Principles Publications: series, monographs, anthologies, proceedings, textbooks, web-streamed lectures (online + DVD) Services: formal quality control, production (including design), marketing, distribution, long-term archiving Scientific review by editorial board (delegated members of the university departments) Copyright Policy: non-exclusive rights for e-version, exclusive rights for print (reprint of components upon agreement) Business Model: Authors contribution: editing, charges: share of printing & processing costs Institutional contribution: organization of review & production process, infrastructure + dissemination + archiving Retail price calculated on the basis of short print runs (10 copies). A few titles are produced on a print-on-demand (print run=1) basis
Göttingen UP as Part of an Open-Access-Strategy Information Platform www.open-access.net (advocacy & networking) OA-Contracts withpublishers/journals (Springer, BioMed Central, Copernicus, New Journal of Physics) (Article Processing fees) GoeDoc and GoeScholar (institutional repository) Publication Policy Activities Göttingen University Press Advice in Open Access and Copyright questions for researchers of all disciplines Several OA-projects, funded by national research foundation (DFG) and EU National and international Networks of digital repositories (DRIVER, OA-Network) 12
GUP: OA is an Evolving Reality 120 100 80 60 40 Titles OA today Delayed OA 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Summe Overall: ca. 80 % OA, ca. 33 % delayed OA
Networking Activivies I: Working Group of University Presses www.ag-univerlage.de
Members University of Bamberg Press 2007 Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin 2004 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2003 Hamburg University Press 2002 Universitätsverlag Hildesheim 1997 Universitätsverlag Ilmenau 2006 Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe 2003 Kassel University Press 1997 Mannheim University Press 2005 BIS-Verlag der Universität Oldenburg 1980 Universitätsverlag Potsdam 1998 Verlag der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar 1952 Additional members of the working group of UPs: Bozen-Bolzano University Press 2005 Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz 1995 Innsbruck University Press 2005 15
Activities All presses are open to Open-Access-publishing Common book fairs and events Workshops & Web forum/wiki Information Exchange: Promotion of the press services + Open Access in general in the mother institution, Business/Funding models, production, workflow, Marketing, Service Provider Support of start up s
Networking II: OAPEN = Open Access Publishing in European Networks www.oapen.net
OAPEN econtentplus project starting in September 2008 Partners: 7 European University Presses Further partners: AAUP, SPARC Europe, APE, IMISCOE etc. Youareinvitedto join!
OAPEN s Goals Research Open Access gold strategy for books in the HSS - Viable models? Under which circumstances? Analysis of publication & business models for OA e-books (incl. economic analysis of sales for printed books with free online version) Analysis of future usage and technologies to develop according products (incl. complex objects) Production & Marketing Sharing & Reuse of infrastructure (publication & marketing platform, reuse of data from DRIVER (Digital Repository Infrastructure Vision for European Research, www.driver-community.eu) Facilitate production and dissemination of products (workflows, standardization and tools for PoD, alterting etc.) Support a scalable and sustainable infrastructure to allow future expansion of scholarly publishing activities
Thank You For Your Attention!