SUMÁRIO 2
plural singular POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Os pronomes adjetivos possessivos (possessive adjectives) são usados antes de um substantivo indicando que aquele substantivo pertence a alguém. Eles sempre concordam com o sujeito da oração. MY - meu(s); minha(s) YOUR - teu(s); tua(s); seu(s); sua(s); de você HIS - dele(s); seu(s); sua(s) HER - dela(s); seu(s) sua(s) ITS - dele(s); dela(s); seu(s); sua(s) OUR - nosso(s); nossa(s) YOUR - vosso(s); vossa(s); seu(s); sua(s), de vocês THEIR - deles; delas; seu(s); sua(s) Ex: My house is big. Her house is big too. His car is broken. I am Antonio and this is my garden. Paloma and Martha are in their room. Patrícia wants to see her family next summer. Erick, Where are your friends? The garage is big. Its windows are large. 3
singular plural O pronome possessivo é usado depois do substantivo e quando o substantivo estiver subentendido, concordando sempre com o sujeito. MINE - meu(s); minha(s) YOURS - teu(s); tua(s); seu(s); sua(s); de você HIS - dele; seu(s); sua(s) HERS - dela; seu(s) sua(s) ITS - dele(s); dela(s); seu(s); sua(s) OUR - nosso(s); nossa(s) YOURS - vosso(s); vossa(s); seu(s); sua(s); de vocês THEIRS - deles; delas; seu(s); sua(s) Ex: I have a car. The car is mine. Janaina is in the room. The room is hers. I clean my house. I hope Daniel cleans his. Whose pen is this? It s Leila s. It s hers. Where is Paulo s car? His in the garage. 4
TABELA DE PRONOMES Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns Reflexives pronouns I you he she it we you they me you him her it us you them my your his her its our your their mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 5
1. (STA. CASA) Are you looking for Dr. Martha? office is on the 2 nd floor. a) He s b) Her c) Hers d) Your e) Yours 2. (STA CASA) Complete as frases corretamente. Whose are these shoes? They are shoes. They belong to. They are. a) his he him b) yours you your c) their theirs them d) our us ours e) hers she her 3. (U.F.S.C.) You like my car, but I prefer. a) my b) yours c) mine d) your e) her 6
4. (F.M. JUNDIAÍ-SP) These are pens, not. a) my yours b) my your c) me you d) mine yours e) mine your 5. (FUND. C. CHAGAS) I ve seen books on the table. Have you seen? a) your my b) yours mine c) your mine d) your me e) yours my 6. (FM.ABC) Complete with suitable possessives. Tell him not to forget homework; she mustn t forget either. a) he s her b) him hers c) its her d) him her e) his hers 7. (ITA) Those of us who wear glasses should have eyes examined at regular intervals. a) our b) ones c) their d) his e) n.d.a. 7
8. (EFOMM) The girls will have to carry own dresses. a) their b) her c) theirs d) hers e) N.D.A. 9. (STA CASA-SP) I ve already taken my vitamins, have the children taken? a) its b) it s c) our d) their e) theirs 10. (ITA) A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I, II e III de The blue pencil is not I and it is not II either; it is III. é: I II III a) my his hers b) your of her our c) mine of him your d) yours hers mine e) yours his her 11. (PUC-PR) Which option contains the correct use of the pronouns? I. Could you tell what has happened in the pub? II. His uncle gave the money to set up his new business. III. It was kind of you to let me borrow computer. IV. She ignored father's warning and jumped into the swimming pool. V. Just a minute, I'm going to hang jacket in the a) I. me; II. him; III. your; IV. her; V. my b) I. them; II. her; III. your; IV. her; V. your c) I. him; II. them; III. his; IV. its; V. mine 8
d) I. her; II. us; III. their; IV. our; V. yours e) I. us; II. his; III. her; IV. his; V. him 12. (AFA) Between 1950 and 1960, Japanese manufacturing output grew at an average annual rate of 16.7 per cent and GNP (Gross National Product) at about 10 per cent. Choose the correct alternative to fill in the gap. a) theirs b) our c) its d) ours 13. (FAAP) His niece has meals in town. a) her b) their c) your d) his e) yours 14. (UNESP) Peter brought his dogs and I brought. a) my b) your c) mine d) the mine e) our 15. (CESGRANRIO) Mark the option which completes the following sentences with the adequate pronouns: I. Businessmen have own priorities. II. Everyone must feel happy with working habits. III. Working from home allows a mother to spend more time with children. IV. If you have never tried to work at home, you cannot discuss disadvantages. a) I. his, II. their, III. her, IV. their b) I. their, II. its, III. their, IV. its 9
c) I. their, II. his, III. her, IV. its d) I. its, II. your, III. its, IV. their e) I. his, II. his, III. their, IV. your 16. (FEI) Complete: Stay with while I drive car. a) I your b) she you c) me your d) me yours e) her yours 17. (UNESP) Assinale a alternativa correta: They saw men and women talking to own hearts. a) his b) her c) them d) they e) their 18. (UNESP) That sports car is very expensive. The car dealer told me that price is 10,000 dollar a) her b) his c) its d) their e) hers 19. (PUCPR) Choose the alternative that best completes the dialogue below: Bob: Do you always get good marks on examinations? James: Yes, I do. I guess it's because I do homework assignments and study a little every day. 10
Bob: How about Maria? Are grades good too? James: Yes. She's very bright and enjoys studying very much. a) yours my his b) you my hers c) your me your d) your mine yours e) your my her 20. (ITA) The computer giant IBM has offered $1.1 million (730.000 pounds) for a chess rematch between Garry Kasparov and ITS super-computer, Deep Blue. O termo ITS em maiúsculo no texto refere-se: a) ao computador de Garry Kasparov; b) a Deep Blue; c) à IBM; d) ao computador gigante da IBM; e) a Garry Kasparov. 11
TEXT COMPREHENSION TEXT 25 (EPCAR) WHAT IS OFFSHORE ENGLISH? Offshore English is a term used by many people for international English (I). It is the English spoken and written by non-native speakers in international communication (II). Many in business are starting to worry that native speakers are actually at a disadvantage in international communication. A good example of this situation was when a company tried to sell flight simulators to South Korea, where a French company won the contract because the buyers found it easier (Ref.2) to understand the English that the French people spoke than the English spoken by the British company. Many native English speakers feel little necessity to learn foreign languages, so they often don t understand the difficulties and problems learners have. They also don t see (1) the need to modify their language for a foreign audience, so they use (2) idioms, synonyms, colloquialisms, phrasal verbs, etc, and don t think (3) of the impact this has (4) on a foreign businessperson. The English studied by non-native speakers tends to use a more simple vocabulary, and considering the similarities in courses in many parts of the world, emphasized by a small number of course books (Headway Series) (Ref.1) and the domination of a few examinations, for example TOEFL, etc. This means that non-native speakers from different countries and cultures sometimes understand each other more easily than the native speaker. Few native speakers outside the world of ESL (English as a Second language) teaching have much idea of what non-native learners assimilate, and think that as their English is native speaker level, they speak it better than their non-native counterparts. Because of this, companies are offering courses in Offshore English to native speakers to train them to speak the type of English that will make it easier for nonnative speakers to understand. So they will gain more contracts. Adapted from http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/what-offshore-english.html. Acessado em 14/03/2013 GLOSSARY Foreign: estrangeiro Businessperson: homem/ mulher de negócios Counterpart: seu semelhante To win: ganhar, vencer Disadvantage: desvantagem Outside: do lado de fora Level: nível 12
1. According to the text, a) French people don t know English language very well. b) South Koreans understood perfectly the company s language. c) the British company did not speak an easy understanding English. d) flight simulators are designed in many different languages. 2. We can say that Headway (Ref.1) is a a) course book. b) sccessful course. c) dominant examination. d) program. 3. After reading the text, we conclude that a) learners think that it is more difficult to learn English than French. b) non-native speakers use less idioms, synonyms, etc to talk to native ones. c) English companies are not so famous as British ones. d) it s easier to understand the type of English the nonnative speakers communicate. 4. The pronoun that best substitutes the underlined words in the sentence _ the buyers found it easier_ (Ref.2) is a) you b) he c) they d) we 5. Native speakers are at a disadvantage in international communication. The negative form of this sentence is Native speakers at a disadvantage in international communication. a) not are b) isn t c) do not are d) aren t 13
TEXT 26 (EEAR) Laughter Some people say that laughter is the best medicine. Scientists are beginning to agree with this. They are studying laughter seriously and are finding that it is really good for us. So what happens when we laugh? We use fifteen different muscles in our face, and laughing is good for every organ in our body. When we laugh, we breathe quickly and exercise the face, shoulders, and chest. Our blood pressure goes down, and our circulation gets better. Our heartbeat is lower, and our brain makes a natural painkiller called a beta-endorphin. Every minute we laugh is the same as forty-five minutes of relaxation. Many doctors around the world believe that laughter helps us get better when we are sick. Today, there are laughter clubs around the world. They try to improve people s health with laughter. People laugh as a kind of exercise, and everyone feels better afterwards. Of course, there are many kinds of laughter. We may change the way we laugh in different situations. But we all have a laugh that is special to us. How do you usually laugh? 1. According to the text, we can say that beta-endorphin is a natural painkiller because it pain. a) avoids b) relieves c) increases d) intensifies 2. According to the text what has been done to make people healthier? a) Scientists have been studying beta-endorphin. b) Relaxation has been recommended by doctors. c) Jokes have been told in different situations. d) Laughter clubs have been built. 3. seriously, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to a) poorly. b) deeply. c) carelessly. d) reasonably. 14
TEXT 27 (AFA) Amelia Earhart The Sky s the Limit In the 1930s Amelia Earhart was one of the most famous women in the world. As the first woman passenger and the first female pilot to cross the Atlantic Ocean by air, she has a place in the record books that can never be taken. In those days women simply didn t do that sort of things. But the fame that her achievements brought her are now also eclipsed by the mystery of her disappearance. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Over the next few years Earhart set and broke many other aviation records before announcing that she was going to face the biggest challenge of all, to fly around the globe. She would pilot the aeroplane accompanied only by her navigator Fred Noonan. She made her first attempt in March 1937, which ended in a crash in Hawaii, but within three months they were ready to another attempt. Together Earhart and Noonan flew across the United States, South America, North Africa, India, Asia, Australia and finally to New Guinea. But then they had to face the most difficult part of the journey: 2,500 miles across the Pacific to Howland Island. Earhart and Noonan never arrived at Howland Island. Some believe the two of them drowned because their plane ran out of fuel. But the most intriguing theory is that it was all part of a US government conspiracy. Some said that the US Navy had used Earhart s disappearance as an excuse to send aircrafts over the Marshall Islands where it was suspected that the Japanese were building military installations, others suggested that Earhart and Noonan were part of the plot. The myth of Earhart s disappearance had begun, and it would never end. 1. Read the following statements: I. There are evidences of a US conspiracy related to Earhart s disappearance. II. Earhart never tried to fly around the world. III. Amelia Earhart was a very unusual kind of woman for her time. According to the text, a) two statements are true. b) all the statements are true. c) two statements are false. d) all the statements are false. (Adapted from Speak Up September 1999) 15
2. All the alternatives below are correct definitions for the word PLOT. Mark the only one which describes the meaning of PLOT in the text. a) Measured piece of ground for building or growing things. b) Secret plan to do something harmful in a combined action. c) To follow the position of an aircraft using a map or radar. d) Line or curve drawn on a paper showing certain facts. 3. There are many theories trying to explain Earhart s disappearance. Mark the alternative which is not mentioned in the text as a possible explanation for this fact. a) Both Earhart and her navigator were involved in a conspiracy together with the US. b) Earhart s plane went down into the ocean since it had no fuel. c) Earhart and Noonan s plane had an accident in Hawaii. d) Earhart and Noonan were victims of a US government s secret plan. 4. Mark the word from the text which has the following definition: Something with the quality of testing strength, skill or ability. a) achievement b) theory c) myth d) challenge 16
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. b 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. e 7. a 8. a 9. e 10. d 11. a 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. c 16. c 17. e 18. c 19. e 20. c TEXT COMPREHENSION TEXT 25 (EPCAR) 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. d TEXT 26 (EEAR) 1. b 2. d 3. b TEXT 27 (AFA) 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. d 17