Sentence Types and Punctuation Miss Dana Aicha Shaaban Section Head of Writing Support Writing Lab Student Learning Support Center
Sentences Punctuation Appendix (Worksheet)
Four Types of Sentences 1. Simple Sentence 2. Compound Sentence 3. Complex Sentence 4. Compound-Complex Sentence
Recap on Clauses Independent Clause: A group of words containing a subject and a verb that can stand alone and make sense. Example: 1. I have a passion for all kinds of chocolates and biscuits. 2. My favorite dessert is chocolate chip cookies! Dependent Clause: A group of words with a subject and a verb that depends on the main clause to give it meaning. Example: 1. Since the library was full of students. 2. When they arrived at their destination.
Simple Sentence A sentence with one independent clause, and no dependent clauses. Examples: 1. I really enjoyed going to the movies with you. 2. She travelled to Dubai last weekend. 3. Farah is thinking of buying a kitten.
Compound Sentence A sentence with multiple independent clauses but no dependent clauses. Examples: 1. She called the restaurant to reserve for dinner, but it was fully booked. 2. The clown frightened the little girl; she ran off screaming. 3. He got his umbrella, but it didn t rain.
Complex Sentence A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Examples: 1. After Maryam counted her money, she realized she was missing 100 QR. 2. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. 3. Sara, who is very tall, got accepted to be part of the basketball team.
Compound-Complex Sentence A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Examples: 1. I don t like dogs, and my sister doesn t like cats because they make her sneeze. 2. While I was doing my homework, my mother cooked dinner and my father was asleep in front of the television. 3. My family came to Germany when I was in grade 5, but I never learned to speak German very well.
In-Class Practice Exercises
IDENTIFY THE SENTENCE TYPE: Exercises 1. Although it started to rain, we decided to continue our walk. 2. There were books on the floor, under the table, and all about the room. 3. She was going to school full-time and hoped to graduate in June. 4. Marie, Bill and I stayed up until four in the morning. 5. Unless conditions change for her, she will spend the rest of her life working for minimum wage in a dusty mill; there are thousands of women like her. 6. She wanted to go, but her child was sick. 7. Joe is smart; he will succeed in life. 8. As soon as Rami started a coin collection, his brother bought an album of rare stamps. 9. Nature is her passion in life, and colleagues say she thinks of nothing else. 10. Although it was cold, and the rain was getting heavier, we decided to go fishing as planned.
1. Complex 2. Simple 3. Simple 4. Simple 5. Compound-complex 6. Compound 7. Compound 8. Complex 9. Compound 10. Compound-complex Answers
Punctuation We will focus on 7 punctuation marks in this presentation: 1. Full stop/period 2. Semicolon 3. Colon 4. Comma 5. Quotation Marks 6. Apostrophe 7. Ellipsis
Full Stop/ Period Creates an interruption that marks the end of a sentence Used in abbreviations There is no space between the last letter and the period. Leave 1-2 spaces after the period when starting your next sentence. Examples: 1. I took my sister to the dance school yesterday. 2. My good friend lives in Washington D.C.
Semicolon Used to separate sentences that are grammatically independent but that have a closely connected meaning Examples: 1. He did his best; now let s hope he passes the exam. 2. Maryam wants to go out; Mona wants to stay at home. 3. Sara is a good speaker; she speaks very clearly.
Colon Used to introduce a long quotation Used to introduce lists Used to introduce subtitles in books/articles Examples: 1. The acting director often used her favorite quotation from Shakespeare's Tempest: "We are such stuff as dreams are made on; and our little life is rounded with a sleep. 2. The price includes the following: travel to London, flight to Venice, hotel accommodation, and excursions. 3. The other day, I read Acoustics: The Science of Sound.
Comma Creates a small interruption within a sentence to help clarify meaning Used between items in a list Used before a quotation mark Used before a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Examples: 1. Sheikha, who wasn t a business major, decided to open a coffee shop. 2. She told me to bring sandwiches, drinks, and cake. 3. He said, Wait till your brother gets home so that you can go to the movies together. 4. I love playing sports, but I find myself demotivated at times.
Quotation Marks Used around text you are quoting or citing, usually from another source Used around dialogue or direct speech Examples: In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of The English Language, David Crystal argues that punctuation "plays a critical role in the modern writing system." James opened the door and stepped onto the balcony, followed by Mary. They stood in silence for a few moments, looking at the moon. Then Mary turned to him and said, The moon is so beautiful tonight, isn t it James?"
Apostrophe Used to create possessive forms Used for contractions Examples: My friend s mother bought her a nice dress. These people s lives were ruined by the hurricane. I can t wait to watch the new Disney animation! Don t move! There s a spider on your arm!
Ellipses Consists of three dots Used to show unimportant words have been missed from a quotation Sometimes used to indicate a pause when someone is speaking, or an unfinished sentence. Examples: 1. The film focused on three English learners from Asia who were studying at university." Perhaps we want to omit "from Asia who were" to save space. So we write: "The film focused on three English learners...studying at university. 2. "It's not easy to explain. It's not..." Her voice trailed away as emotion welled up within her.
In-Class Practice Exercises
Exercise The continuing care retirement community (CCRC) has become one alternative to the impending increase in our elderly population according to Estella Espinoza Professor of Gerontology at the University of Connecticut. Nursing homes are no longer the answer to this social need she said their simply to costly for todays senior-citizens she added. CCRCs normally require a tremendous down payment to buy into a living unit then they require a considerable monthly "maintenance fee." this large initial investment together with the continuing high price of socalled maintenance means that many Americans will be excluded from the CCRC of their choice. Its a shame that getting old has to be so expensive" said Espinoza there are three things involved here affordability convenience and human dignity
Answer The Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) has become one alternative to the impending increase in our elderly population, according to Estella Espinoza, Professor of Gerontology at the University of Connecticut. "Nursing homes are no longer the answer to this social need," she said. "They're simply too costly for today's senior citizens," she added. CCRCs normally require a tremendous downpayment to buy into a living unit, and then they require a considerable monthly maintenance fee. This large initial investment, together with the continuing high price of so-called maintenance, means that many Americans will be excluded from the CCRC of their choice. "It's a shame that getting old has to be so expensive," said Espinoza. "There are three things involved here: affordability, convenience, and human dignity."
Sources https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/573/02 / http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/mark s/period.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/english/reading/ sentences/revision/5/ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/transitions/ http://www.oupcanada.com/higher_education/co mpanion/literature/9780195425154/eng_135/quiz_tr ansitions.html
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Directions: Identify the sentence type Sentence Types and Punctuation Exercises 1. Although it started to rain, we decided to continue our walk. 2. There were books on the floor, under the table, and all about the room. 3. She was going to school full-time and hoped to graduate in June. 4. Marie and Bill and I stayed up until four in the morning. 5. Unless conditions change for her, she will spend the rest of her life working for minimum wage in a dusty mill; there are thousands of women like her. 6. She wanted to go, but her child was sick. 7. Joe is smart; he will succeed in life. 8. As soon as Rami started a coin collection, his brother bought an album of rare stamps. 9. Nature is her passion in life, and colleagues say that she is a skilled naturalist. 10. Although it was cold, and the rain was getting heavier, we decided to go fishing as planned. Directions: Revise the following paragraphs by fixing the punctuation mistakes. the continuing care retirement community CCRC has become one alternative to the impending increase in our elderly population according to estella espinoza professor of gerontology at the university of connecticut. nursing homes are no longer the answer to this social need she said their simply to costly for todays senior-citizens she added. CCRC's normally require a tremendous down payment to buy into a living unit then they require a considerable monthly "maintenance fee." this large initial investment together with the continuing high price of socalled maintenance means that many americans will be excluded from the CCRC of their choice. "its a shame that getting old has to be so expensive" said espinoza there are three things involved here affordability convenience and human dignity