University f Califrnia Berkeley Library MLA Style Citatins (Mdern Language Assciatin) This guide prvides examples and the basic guidelines fr citing surces fllwing the MLA Style Manual. MLA style requires that yu prvide, in the text, brief parenthetical references identifying the exact part f each wrk yu qute r base yur ideas n (page number r sectin). Examples f MLA parenthetical references are n pages 5-6 f this guide. At the end f yur paper, yu must als prvide an alphabetical list f "Wrks Cited" listing the cmplete citatin fr each wrk referred t parenthetically r in the text f yur paper. in yur parenthetical references. Wrks Cited List - Examples fr Print Resurces BOOKS Single authr: Multiple authrs: Editr(s) as authr(s): Translated wrk: Multi-vlume wrk: Crprate authr: N authr named n title page: Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title f Bk. Place f Publicatin: Publisher, Date f publicatin. Talevski, Nick. The Unfficial Encyclpedia f the Rck and Rll Hall f Fame. Westprt: Greenwd Press, 1998. Bth, Wayne C., Gregry G. Clmb, and Jseph M. Williams. The Craft f Research. 2nd ed. Chicag: U f Chicag P, 2003. Fr wrks by mre than three authrs r editrs, yu may list all as abve r nly the first fllwed by a cmma and et al. Antny, Luise M., and Charltte E. Witt, eds. A Mind f One's Own: Feminist Essays n Reasn and Objectivity. 2nd ed. Bulder: Westview, 2002. Racine, Jean. Jean Racine's Phaedra: A Tragedy: A New Verse Translatin f Phèdre. Trans. Edwin Mrgan. Manchester, Eng.: Carcanet, 2000. Dstyevsky, Fydr. The Unpublished Dstyevsky: Diaries and Ntebks (1860-81). Ed. Carl R. Prffer. Trans. T. S. Berczynski, et al. 3 vls. Ann Arbr: Ardis, 1973-1976. US Naval Academy at Annaplis, Maryland. Trident Sciety. The Bk f Navy Sngs. Arr. and harmnized Jseph W. Crsley. Garden City: Dubleday, 1926. The Bible with Surces Revealed: A New View int the Five Bks f Mses. 1st ed. Trans. and cmmentary Richard Ellitt Friedman. San Francisc: Harper, 2003. The New Yrk Public Library American Histry Desk. New Yrk: Hyperin, 2003. The frmats abve fr names f authrs, editrs, translatrs, etc. may be applied t all similar situatins, belw. CHAPTER IN A BOOK r WK IN AN ANTHOLOGY r COLLECTION AuthrLastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Bk Chapter r Wrk in Other Cllectin." Title f Bk, Anthlgy, r Cllectin. Place f Publicatin: Publisher, Date f publicatin. Page numbers. Chapter in a bk: Jhnsn, D. Bartn. "Nabkv and the Sixties." Discurse and Idelgy in Nabkv's Prse. Ed. David H. J. Larmur. Lndn: Rutledge, 2002. 139-49. Wrk in an anthlgy: Allende, Isabel. "Tad's Muth." Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammck beneath the Manges: Stries frm Latin America. Ed. Thmas Clchie. New Yrk: Plume, 1992. 83-88. JOURNAL ARTICLES Cntinuus paginatin thrugh each vlume: Each numbered issue begins with page 1: N issue numbers and each issue begins with page 1: Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title f Article." Title f Jurnal Vlume.Issue-if-needed (Year r Date f Publicatin): Page numbers. Matar, Nabil. "English Accunts f Captivity in Nrth Africa and the Middle East: 1577-1625." Renaissance Quarterly 54 (2001): 553-72. LaGuardia, David. "Masculinity and Metaphrs f Reading in the Tiers Livre, 16-18." Esprit Createur 43.3 (2003): 5-15. Franken, Lynn. "Carnival f Silence: Bakhtin and Hug's Ntre-Dame de Paris." The Cmparatist: Jurnal f the Suthern Cmparative Literature Assciatin 25 (May 2001): 110-32. Created by Instructinal Services, Mffitt Library, University f Califrnia, Berkeley. Cpyright 2004 by the Regents f the University f Califrnia. All rights reserved.
Page 2 MAGAZINE ARTICLES Cnsecutive pages; n authr named: Nn-cnsecutive pages; authr named: AuthrLastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Article." Title f Magazine Day Mnth Year f Publicatin: page-numbers r initial-page+ if nncnsecutive. "The Decade f the Spy." Newsweek 7 Mar. 1994: 26-27. Heiling, Jean M. "E-Glbal Library: The Academic Campus Library Meets the Internet." Searcher June 2001:34+ NEWSPAPER ARTICLES Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Article." Title f Newspaper [City f Publicatin If Nt in Title] Day Mnth Year f Publicatin, editin: page-numbers r initial-page+ if nn-cnsecutive. Cnsecutive pages: Fabricant, Flrence. "Frm Italy, a New Culinary Mvement Offers a Wry Answer t Fast Fd." New Yrk Times 15 Nv. 1989, natinal ed.: B6-7. Nn-cnsecutive pages; city nt in title: Dubay, Ann. "Revenge f the Pink Cllars?" Press Demcrat [Santa Rsa, CA] 21 Mar. 2004, city ed.: G1+. MEDIA (Sund recrdings, vides, films, radi/tv prgrams) Films and vides Title. Dir. Name f Directr. Perf. Perfrmer(s)FirstName(s) Last Name(s). Distributr r Publisher, year f release. Film: Curse f Frankenstein. Dir. Terence Fisher. Perf. Christpher Lee, Peter Cushing, Hazel Curt, and Rbert Urquhart. Clarin/Warner Brs., 1989. Vide recrding: Lndn Internatinal Advertising Awards: U.S. Glden Oldies. Viderecrding. New Yrk: Lndn Intl. Advertising Awards, n.d. Sund recrdings Grup-r-Artist-r-CmpserLastName, FirstName. "Title f Sng If Relevant." Title f Recrding. Type f recrding if nt CD. Manufacturer. Year f Issue. Specific sng n a CD: Annymus 4. "Wayfaring Stranger." American Angels: Sngs f Hpe, Redemptin and Glry. Harmnia Mundi USA, 2004. Perfrmance n a DVD: Begitchev, W. P., and V. Geltzer. Swan Lake: Ballet in Fur Acts. Chr. Rudlf Nureyev. Music by Pitr I. Tchaikvsky. Perf. Margt Fnteyn, Nureyev, and Vienna State Opera Ballet. Vienna Symphny Orch. Cnd. Jhn Lanchbery. 1966. DVD. PlyGram Vide, 1998. Fr additinal frmats and examples see MLA Handbk, 5.8.1-5. REVIEWS Bk review in jurnal; each issue begins with page 1: Fr additinal examples see MLA Handbk, 5.7.7 and 5.9.4d. INTERVIEWS Interviewee named; untitled interview: Titled newspaper article; rutine staff interviewer: Interview yu cnducted including date f interview: Fr additinal examples see MLA Handbk, 5.8.7 and 5.9.9e. ReviewAuthrLastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Review If Given." Rev. f Title f Item Reviewed by Authr#1FirstName(s) Lastname, and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title f Jurnal, Magazine, r Newspaper [remaining publicatin infrmatin as in examples abve]: Page numbers. Clugh, Patricia T. "The Making f the Alchlic Her: Scial Prblems and Subject Identities." Rev. f Hllywd Sht by Sht by Nrman K. Denzin. Semitica 93.1-2 (1993): 187-94. IntervieweeLastName, FirstName(s). Interview, Type f interview, r "Title f Interview If Given." By InterviewerFirstName LastName if imprtant. Publicatin infrmatin fllwing the apprpriate frmat abve: Page numbers if apprpriate. Hersch, Fred. Interview. By Aarn Chen. Dwn Beat April 2004: 20. Peccerelli, Fredy. "'The Bnes Tell the Stry': Revealing Histry's Darker Days." New Yrk Times 30 Mar. 2004, late ed.: F2. Litwack, Len. Persnal interview. 12 Apr. 2004.
Page 3 GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Name f Gvernment. Name f Agency #1. Name f Agency #2. Title. Number f Cngress, Sessin f Cngress. Number f publicatin. Place f Publicatin: Publisher, Date f publicatin. Agency as authr: United States. Cng. Huse. Cmmittee n Un-American Activities. Subversive Invlvement in Disruptin f 1968 Demcratic Party Natinal Cnventin. Hearing befre the Cmmittee n Un-American Activities. 90th Cng., 1st sess. Washingtn: GPO, 1968. There are many frms and irregularities in citing gvernment publicatins. Fr mre examples, see MLA Handbk, 5.6.21. DISSERTATIONS and THESES AuthrLastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Dissertatin." Diss. Degree-Granting (Unpublished wrks) Institutin, Year. Fr theses, replace Diss. with MA Thesis. r MS Thesis. Unpublished dissertatins: Fernandez, Nadine Therese. "Race, Rmance, and Revlutin: The Cultural Plitics f Interracial Encunters in Cuba." Diss. U f Califrnia, Berkeley, 1996. Treat published dissertatins like published bks, but insert the type f degree, granting institutin, and date between the title and the publicatin infrmatin. MLA style des nt cnsider inclusin in Dissertatin Abstracts t be "published"; treat as unpublished. Electrnic Publicatins (Web and Internet) ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLES Frm a Library Prvide in this rder, mitting what is nt available r relevant: Subscriptin Service Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title with Full Text (e.g., Gale f Article." Title f Jurnal Vlume.Issue-if-needed (Year r Date f Publicatin): Page numbers r beginning page-. Title f Database. Grup/InfTrac, PrQuest) Name f Service. Subscribing Library r Cnsrtium, Lcatin f Library if Needed t Identify It. Day Mnth Year f access <URL f database search page>. Paginatin prvided in PDF versin: Only starting page number prvided: Frm a Jurnal Publisher Site r Database Distributing Jurnals (usually reprducing print versin in PDF frmat) JST article: Frm jurnal publisher: Frm jurnal distributr: Jurnal available nly in Web editin (n print equivalent available) Salter, David. "'Brn t Thraldm and Penance': Wives and Mthers in Middle English Rmance." Essays and Studies Annual (2002): 41-59. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale Grup/InfTrac. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://inftrac.galegrup.cm/itweb/>. Hattersley, Michael. "Rck's Rle in Gay Liberatin." Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review 30.2: 16-. Gender Watch. PrQuest. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://gw.prquest.cm/>. Prvide in this rder, mitting what is nt apprpriate r relevant: Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title f Article." Title f Jurnal Vlume.Issue-if-needed (Year r Date f Publicatin): Page numbers. Title f Site r Database if Different frm Title f Jurnal. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. Santi, Enric Mari. "Fresa y Chclate: The Rhetric f Cuban Recnciliatin." MLN 113 (Mar. 1998): 407-425. JST. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.jstr.rg>. Getz, Peggy J. "The Effects f Bilingualism n Thery f Mind Develpment." Bilingualism: Language and Cgnitin 6 (2003): 1-15. Cambridge Jurnals Online. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://jurnals.cambridge.rg>. Berman, Ruth, Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdóttir, and Sven Strömqvist. "Discurse Stance: Written and Spken Language." Written Language & Literacy 5 (2002): 253-87. Ingenta Select. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://ceres.ingentaselect.cm/vl=1325936/cl=79/nw=1/rpsv/~3632/v5n2/ s5/p253>. Prvide in this rder, mitting what is nt apprpriate r relevant: Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title f Article." Title f Jurnal Vlume if given (Year r Date f Publicatin): Page numbers if available. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. N paginatin: Paik, Peter Ynsuk. "Smart Bmbs, Serial Killing, and the Rapture: The Vanishing Bdies f Imperial Apcalypticism." Pstmdern Culture 14.1 (Sep. 2003). 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/>.
Page 4 ONLINE MAGAZINE ARTICLES Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Article." Title f Magazine Day Mnth Year f Article r Publicatin: page-numbers if prvided. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. Date f publicatin frm Harvey, Miles. "Welcme t Armageddn: The White Huse Hasn't Fund Any article, nt issue; n pages: Weapns f Mass Destructin Because It's Lking in the Wrng Place." Rlling Stne 23 Mar. 2004. 31 Mar. 2004 <http://www.rllingstne.cm/features/natinalaffairs/ featuregen.asp?pid=2834>. ONLINE NEWSPAPER r NEWSWIRE ARTICLES Frm a Library AuthrLastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Article." Title f Newspaper [City Subscriptin Service f Publicatin If Nt in Title] Day Mnth Year f Publicatin, editin: page-numbers r initial-page+ if nn-cnsecutive. Day Mnth with Full Text (e.g., Year f access <URL>. Lexis-Nexis, NewsBank) Lexis-Nexis: Schevitz, Tanya. "Regent Ties Drput Rate t Admissins Plicy: He Says Thse with Lw Entry Scres Mre Likely T Quit." San Francisc Chrnicle 8 Nv. 2003, final ed.: A19. Lexis-Nexis Academic. UC Berkeley Libraries. 31 Mar. 2004 <http://web.lexis-nexis.cm/universe/ frm/academic/s_guidednews.html>. New Yrk Times in Histrical Newspapers Index: Frm a Website r Web News Service Newswire: "Emma Gldman Hailed As Equal f Willa Cather As 'Best Ck.'" New Yrk Times 19 Mar. 1933: E2. PrQuest Histrical Newspapers The New Yrk Times, 1857-Current file. UC Berkeley Libraries. 31 Mar. 2004 <http://uclibs.rg/pid/11381>. AuthrLastName, FirstName(s). "Title f Article." Title f Newspaper r Newswire [City f Publicatin If Nt in Title] Day Mnth Year f Publicatin. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. Wardell, Jane. "Eurpe Shcked at Images f Killing f Americans in Iraq." Assciated Press 1 Apr., 2004. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.bstn.cm/ dailynews/092/wrld/eurpe_shcked_at_images_f_ki:.shtml>. ONLINE BOOKS Frm a Database Prvided by a Library NetLibrary: Published n a Website f electrnic texts An e-text supplier: Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title f Bk. Place f Publicatin: Publisher, Date f publicatin. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. Allen, Carlyn. Fllwing Djuna: Wmen Lvers and the Ertics f Lss. Blmingtn: Indiana UP, 1996. NetLibrary. UC Berkeley Libraries. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.netlibrary.berkeley.edu>. Authr#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Authr#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title f Bk. Place f Publicatin: Publisher, Date f publicatin. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. Melville, Herman. Mby Dick, r The Whale. Charlttesville: U f Virginia Library, Electrnic Text Center. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/tc/mdeng/public/mel2mb.html>. A WEBSITE r WEB PAGE WITHIN A WEBSITE Authr Fllwing Applicable Rules Abve. "Title: Subtitle f Part f Web Page, if apprpriate." Title: Subtitle: Sectin f Page if apprpriate. Spnsring/Publishing Agency, If Given. Additinal significant descriptive infrmatin. Date f Electrnic Publicatin r ther Date, such as Last Updated. Day Mnth Year f access <URL>. Published by an academic A Glssary f Rhetrical Terms with Examples. Div. f Classics, Dept. f institutin: Mdern & Classical Languages, Literatures, & Cultures, U f Kentucky. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.uky.edu/artssciences/classics/rhetric.html>. Published by an individual: Carter, Raphael. "'Hermaphrdite Prtagnist': The Misreading f Bne Dance." Andrgyny RAQ (Rarely Asked Questins). 1 Apr. 2004. <http://www.chaparraltree.cm/raq/bnedanc.shtml> Website published by crprate authr, with spnsrs: Public Agenda. "Tw-thirds f parents say having ne parent stay hme is an unrealistic ptin in tday's wrld." Issue Guides: CHILD CARE: Peple's Chief Cncerns. June 2000. Spnsred by The Danfrth Fundatin, The Frd Fundatin, The David and Lucile Packard Fundatin, and the Ewing Marin Kauffman Fundatin. Televisin interview cnducted June 1-15, 2000. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.publicagenda.rg/issues/ pcc_detail.cfm?issue_type=childcare&list=3>.
Page 5 In-Text Parenthetical Citatins - MLA Style Wherever yu incrprate anther's wrds, facts, r ideas in yur paper, yu must indicate t yur readers nt nly the wrks yu used but als exactly where in the wrk yu fund the material. MLA style requires yu d this using brief parenthetical references mentining the authr and page number(s) referred t. It is therefre wise t prepare the wrks-cited list first, s that yur in-text references will match whatever is the initial element in the alphabetized list. General rules gverning MLA in-text citatins begin n page 7 f this guide. Fr readability, keep references brief. D nt repeat what is incrprated int nearby text. If yur text gives the authr's name (r title fr wrks listed by title), prvide nly page numbers r sectin identifiers in parentheses. IN-TEXT REFERENCE CRESPONDING WKS-CITED ENTRY Citing an entire wrk, a ne-page wrk, r a wrk with n page numbers r ther clear subdivisins Fabricant's article in the New Yrk Times Fabricant, Flrence. "Frm Italy, a New Culinary was ne f the first allusins t slw fd Mvement Offers a Wry Answer t Fast Fd." in the U.S. New Yrk Times 15 Nv. 1989, natinal ed.: B6-7. Hersch made this pint repeatedly when Hersch, Fred. Interview. By Aarn Chen. Dwn interviewed. Beat April 2004: 20. Paik writes elquently abut this theme. Paik, Peter Ynsuk. "Smart Bmbs, Serial Killing, and the Rapture: The Vanishing Bdies f Imperial Apcalypticism." Pstmdern Culture 14.1 (Sep. 2003). 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/>. Citing a passage within a wrk with page numbers - ne authr Yur text r "quted passage" here (LaGuardia 7-8). LaGuardia bserves, "Quted passage" (7-8). Citing a wrk by multiple authrs Yur text r "quted passage" here (Berman, Ragnardóttir, and Strömqvist 256). As reprted by Berman, Ragnardóttir, and Strömqvist (256), yur text cntinues. If mre than three authrs, cite cnsistently with yur wrk-cited list: list all last names r the first, et al. Citing a wrk by a crprate authr "Quted passage" (US Naval 33). A sng published by the US Naval Academy in 1926 makes this clear (33). Citing a wrk listed by title This ccurred frequently at that time (NYPL American Histry Desk 302). This is dcumented even in the New Yrk Public Library American Histry Desk (302). Citing within a multi-vlume wrk "Quted passage here" (Dstyevsky 2: 38-39). Dstyevsky's eches this in his diaries smetimes (2: 38-39). Citing mre than ne passage in the same reference...as nticed in Nabkv ften (140, 146-47). Jhnsn saw this in Nabkv ften (140, 146-47). LaGuardia, David. "Masculinity and Metaphrs f Reading in the Tiers Livre, 16-18." Esprit Createur 43.3 (2003): 5-15. Berman, Ruth, Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdóttir, and Sven Strömqvist. "Discurse Stance: Written and Spken Language." Written Language & Literacy 5 (2002): 253-287. Ingenta Select. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://ceres.ingentaselect.cm/ vl=1325936/cl=79/nw=1/rpsv/~3632/v5n2/ s5/p253>. US Naval Academy at Annaplis, Maryland. Trident Sciety. The Bk f Navy Sngs. Arr. and harmnized by Jseph W. Crsley. Garden City: Dubleday, 1926. The New Yrk Public Library American Histry Desk. New Yrk: Hyperin, 2003. Dstyevsky, Fydr. The Unpublished Dstevsky: Diaries and Ntebks (1860-81). Ed. Carl R. Prffer. Trans. T. S. Berczynski, et al. 3 vls. Ann Arbr: Ardis, 1973-1976. Jhnsn, D. Bartn. "Nabkv and the Sixties." Discurse and Idelgy in Nabkv's Prse. Ed. David H. J. Larmur. Lndn: Rutledge, 2002. 139-49.
Page 6 IN-TEXT REFERENCE Citing mre than ne wrk in the same reference Tw writers nted this (Fernandez 55-56, 130; Santi 410). This is nted by bth Fernandez (55-56, 130) and Santi (410). CRESPONDING WKS-CITED ENTRY Fernandez, Nadine Therese. "Race, Rmance, and Revlutin: The Cultural Plitics f Interracial Encunters in Cuba." Diss. U f Califrnia, Berkeley, 1996. Santi, Enric Mari. "Fresa y Chclate: The Rhetric f Cuban Recnciliatin." MLN 113 (Mar. 1998): 407-425. JST. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.jstr.rg>. MLA Style Rules Gverning Reference Lists General. List the elements that identify the wrk's authr, title, and publicatin infrmatin. Fr nline publicatins, yu add elements stating where and when yu retrieved the dcument and giving yur reader the means t retrieve it again if it is still available. Punctuatin. Perids are generally used between elements in references. Cmmas are generally used t separate items within an element, except fr cln between lcatin and publisher f bks. Capitalizatin. In English-language titles and sub-titles, capitalize the first letter f the first wrd, the last wrd, and all principal wrds (nuns, prnuns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and subrdinating cnjunctins). D nt capitalize articles, prepsitins, crdinating cnjunctins r the t in infinitives. Fr titles in ther languages see the MLA Handbk, 3.8. Italics vs. underlining. MLA style recmmends always underlining instead f using italics. This applies t titles f bks and peridicals and t ther elements in yur paper where italics might seem apprpriate. This is because italics may nt be sufficiently distinctive and recgnizable fr material that is t be graded r edited. If yu wish t use italics, ask yur instructr. Heading. The wrks-cited list is smetimes referred t as a "bibligraphy," but MLA style recmmends using a mre descriptive heading such as "Wrks Cited," "Wrks Cnsulted," r "Anntated Wrks Cited." Authrs. Prvide the names f authrs exactly as given n the wrk (d nt abbreviate, and supply additinal infrmatin in brackets nly if it will help yur reader). Invert the name nly f the first authr given fr alphabetizing. Fr tw r three authrs, prvide all names, separated by cmmas with and befre the last (nt &). Fr mre than three authrs, give nly the first authr, fllwed by a cmma and et al. Or yu may list all authrs named in the wrk. Crprate authrs. Crprate authrs are grups whse individual members are nt identified n the title page. Insert the crprate authr as authr (befre the title) even is identical t the publisher. Crprate names as authrs are written ut. Omit initial articles in crprate authrs' names (a, an, the). Editrs. Fr an edited bk withut a named authr, treat the editrs as authrs (name precedes the title, first named in inverted rder). Translatrs. Fllwing the individual wrk r vlume translated, after a perid, state Trans. translatr (nt inverted). Annymus wrks. If n authr r editr is named, begin the entry with the title. D nt use Ann. r Annymus. Reviewers and review citatins. Give the reviewer's name (if prvided) as authr, then the title f the review title (if there is ne) in qutes, fllwed by a perid, as an article title. Then write: Rev. f (neither underlined nr in qutes) fllwed by the title f the wrk reviewed, a cmma, the wrd by and the names f the authr(s) f the wrk. If the authr is an editr r translatr, substitute ed. r trans. fr by. Interviews. As authr, use the persn interviewed (name inverted). After the title f the interview (in qutes) and the title f the wrk in which published (underlined), each fllwed by a perid. Prvide the interviewer's name after: By. See MLA Handbk 5.8.7 and 5.9.9e. Titles. Titles fllw authrs (r editrs if n named authr). Titles f articles and chapters r ther parts f larger wrks are in duble qutatin marks. Titles f bks, peridicals, and ther whle wrks are underlined. Separate titles with perids (inside final qutatins and nt underlined). Prvide the full title f bks and ther wrks, including leading articles (a, an, the), except in titles f peridicals such as jurnals r newspapers (e.g., New Yrk Times). Use a cln and space t separate a title frm a sub-title unless the title ends with?,!, r. Publicatin infrmatin: Publishers' names. Omit the articles (a, an, the), business abbreviatins (e.g., C., Inc.), and descriptive wrds (Bks, Huse, Press, Publishers). Shrten "university" t U and "university press" t UP. Omit first names and initials in publishers (e.g., Nrtn, nt W.W.Nrtn; Wiley nt Jhn Wiley). Use standard abbreviatins as in MLA Handbk 7.4. Use cmmnly accepted abbreviatins, like GPO, UMI. Place f publicatin. If several cities are list, prvide nly the first. Fr cities utside the United States, prvide the abbreviatin fr the cuntry if it might be ambiguus fr yur reader (Cambridge, Eng. t distinguish frm Cambridge). Publicatin date nt prvided. If there is n date available, enter (n.d.). Peridical elements: Vlume, issue, and page numbers. Fr jurnals with cntinuus paginatin thrughut a vlume, fllw the jurnal title (underlined) by the vlume number, the year f publicatin (in parentheses), a cln, and the inclusive page numbers. If each issue begins with page 1, add a perid and the issue number directly after the vlume number: 14.2 If there are n issue
Page 7 numbers and each issue begins with page 1, designate the issue by including the mnth r seasn in parentheses befre the year f publicatin: (May 1992). Fr annual publicatins where the year is the vlume number, state Annual in place f the vlume number. Issue dates and page numbers in newspaper and magazine articles. Fllw the title f the publicatin by the date f the issue in DD Mnth YYYY rder, withut parentheses. Fr newspapers, prvide the editin, preceded by a cmma, and then the sectin if relevant. Fllw this publicatin infrmatin by a cln and a space. Prvide the inclusive page numbers if the article appears n cnsecutive pages. If the article begins n ne page and then skips t anther page, prvide nly the initial page fllwed by +: 17+ r C6+. D nt include vlume r issue numbers even if prvided. Electrnic publicatins. Fr nline publicatins, fllw the rules fr print insfar as pssible. Fr electrnic surces nt accessed thrugh the Web, see the MLA Handbk, 5.9.5-9. Fr web-based publicatins, prvide as applicable, in this sequence: 1. If a print versin is referred t, prvide a cmplete citatin as yu wuld fr the print versin. 2. Prvide infrmatin abut the electrnic surce used, such as the title f the site (underlined), the date f electrnic publicatin f latest update, the name f any spnsring rganizatin fr the site, an editr's name, a versin number, and similar infrmatin. If n print equivalent exists, prvide nly the infrmatin abut the electrnic resurce. 3. Prvide the date yu accessed the dcument in day Mnth year frmat, fllwed by a perid. 4. Give the URL immediately fllwing the date f access. Enclse URLs in angle brackets < > and place a perid after the end bracket. If a URL must be brken, break it nly after a slash /, and never intrduce hyphens. Include the initial http:// r ther prtcl identifier. 5. The purpse fr giving the URL is t allw yur reader t retrieve the dcument again. One f the fllwing may therefre be preferable t prviding a lng, cmplicated URL: If the URL is very lng, cmplicated, r unique t a specific access, prvide the URL f the search page frm which yur reader culd retrieve the dcument (as in JST articles). If the best way t tell yur reader hw t find the dcument is t tell hw t navigate frm a URL, enter the wrd Path: and fllw it by the sequence f links t click n frm a stable, reasnable URL. Separate the links with semi-cln. MLA Style Rules Gverning In-text Parenthetical References In parentheses, prvide the last name f the authr (d n include suffixes such as Jr.) fllwed by the year f publicatin. D nt include mnths r days even if in the reference list. D nt include ed., trans., r cmp. All references in the text must clearly pint t specific surces in the list f wrks cited. Prvide the page number(s) r parts after the authr and date fr qutatins and references t a specific part f the wrk. Page numbers are unnecessary when referring t a whle wrk. Fr web pages withut page numbers, be as specific as pssible in rder t help yur reader find what yu are referring t. Fr un-authred wrks, use the first few wrds f whatever is the first element f the reference in yur reference list, fllwed by the date and ther specifics needed. If yu have mre than ne wrk by authrs with the same last name, prvide initials (befre the last name, nt inverted rder) fr each authr in the text and in parenthetical citatins. If yu have mre than ne wrk by the same authr, prvide a wrd f title in additin t the last name. MLA style des nt recmmend the use f ftntes r endntes in research papers except t add a cntent nte nt apprpriate as part f the text f the paper. Need Mre Specific Example r Help?? If yu cnsult ther, less fficial manuals r nline style guides that purprt t explain MLA style, please be aware that these smetimes cntain errrs which cnflict with these fficial MLA guides: Gibaldi, Jseph. MLA Handbk fr Writers f Research Papers. 6th ed. New Yrk: Mdern Language Assciatin f America, 2003. Knwn as the "MLA Handbk," a synthesis f the rules mst imprtant fr research papers, mitting sme f the schlarly publishing details and ptins. Call number: LB2369.G53 2003 (De & Mffitt Reference and ther lcatins) Gibaldi, Jseph. The MLA Style Manual and Guide t Schlarly Publishing. 2nd ed. New Yrk: Mdern Language Assciatin f America, 1998. A cmprehensive guide fr graduate students, schlars, and prfessinal writers, prviding details n cpyright, legal issues, and writing theses, dissertatins, and schlarly publishing. Call number: PN147.G444 1998 (De Reference and ther lcatins) 8/14/06 JB