Metaphor and Political Discourse

Metaphor and Political Discourse

By the same author MIRROR IMAGES OF EUROPE KOMMUNIKATIVE KREATIVITÄT ATTITUDES TOWARD EUROPE (co-editor)

Metaphor and Political Discourse Analogical Reasoning in Debates about Europe Andreas Musolff Reader in German, University of Durham

Andreas Musolff 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-0-230-29881-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-51691-9 ISBN 978-0-230-50451-6 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230504516 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Musolff, Andreas. Metaphor and political discourse : analogical reasoning in debates about Europe / Andreas Musolff. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Discourse analysis Political aspects. 2. Metaphor. 3. Analogy. 4. Europe Politics and government 1989 I. Title. P302.77.M87 2004 401.41 dc22 2004046495 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04

Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations and conventions vii viii 1 Introduction: Metaphor and Politics 1 2 Conceptual Domains and Scenarios 8 2.1 Metaphors in a corpus of public discourse 8 2.2 family scenarios for the European Union 13 2.3 Metaphor scenarios and public attitudes 28 3 Analogical argument in political discourse 30 3.1 Metaphor and argument by analogy 30 3.2 Analogical arguments based on journey metaphors 39 3.3 Metaphorical conclusions in public debates about Europe: paths without alternative? 59 4 Corpora and the Semantics of Metaphor 63 4.1 Metaphors in general corpora 63 4.2 Corpus-based analysis of metaphorical meaning 69 5 Europe as a body politic 83 5.1 Corporeal and organismic metaphors in politics 83 5.2 The life cycle of Europe 90 5.3 health and illness of Europe 97 5.4 The organs of Europe 101 5.5 Corpus data and conceptual metaphor 112 6 Discourse History in a Metaphor Corpus 115 6.1 Metaphor and discourse evolution 115 6.2 The development of the european house in British and German Euro-debates, 1989 2001 122 6.3 Do metaphors evolve? 140 7 Metaphor Negotiation 146 8 Metaphor as Deception 159 8.1 Metaphors as ignes fatui: Hobbes s warnings of political metaphor in Leviathan 159 8.2 Metaphor and rhetoric 163 8.3 Metaphor as sedition 167 v

vi Contents 9 Open and Closed Metaphor Scenarios 173 Notes and References 178 Bibliography 193 Index 1: General 206 Index 2: Metaphor Scenarios and Their Conceptual Elements 211

Acknowledgements I am indebted to a great number of friends and colleagues for support and encouragement during the research leading up to this book, among them the late Christopher Upward and Colin Good, as well as Saskia Daalder, Ingrid Hudabiunigg, Wolf-Andreas Liebert, Jonathan Long, Peter Rolf Lutzeier, Brigitte Nerlich, Michael Townson, Martin Wengeler and Jörg Zinken. Christina Schäffner, Josephine Tudor and Renate Henkel, who read drafts of the whole book text at various stages, made many essential suggestions for improvement and provided helpful criticism and advice. Roslyn Frank, Sheila Glasbey, René Dirven and Zoltàn Kövecses commented on versions of conference papers that became chapters in the book. Wolfgang Teubert and Pernilla Danielsson at the University of Birmingham and Eva Teubert and Heidrun Kämper at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim gave generously of their time and expertise to help me access and collect data from the Bank of English corpus and COSMAS corpora. The research for this book was supported by grants from the Art and Humanities Research Board of Great Britain, the British Academy and the University of Durham. vii

Abbreviations BZ Berliner Zeitung DAS Deutsches Allgemeines Sonntagsblatt DT The Daily Telegraph E The Economist FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung FR Frankfurter Rundschau FT Financial Times G The Guardian I The Independent MM Mannheimer Morgen NSt New Statesman (formerly: New Statesman & Society) RP Rheinische Post SP Der Spiegel ST The Sunday Times SZ Süddeutsche Zeitung T The Times taz die tageszeitung TS Der Tagesspiegel W Die Welt Z Die Zeit EEC European Economic Community EC European Community (organization that superseded the EEC) ECB European Central Bank EMU Economic and Monetary Union EU European Union (follow-up organisation of EC, since 1994) CDU Christlich-Demokratische Union (Christian-Democratic Union) CSU Christlich-Soziale Union (Christian-Social Union = Bavarian sister party of CDU) SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany) Conventions in the text Metaphorical concepts, domains and scenarios: indicated by small capitals Metaphorical expressions: indicated by italics. viii