Index Al electrodes 211 Additive mixing 3 Aerial, acceptance angle 251, 252 amplifier 260 attenuator 260-1 bandwidth 254 cable 257-8 dipole 250-4 directivity 250 front-to-back ratio 254 gron 254,255,256 group coding 260 impedance 254 isolating circuit 46-7 log-periodic 256 matching 250 polar diagram 251,252,253, 255,259 polarisation 251, 252 splitter 261-2 Yagi array 253,255 A.F.C. (automatic frequency control) 50,69-72 A.G.C. (automatic gron control), delayed 107-8 fault-finding 108-9 forward 106-7 gated (keyed) 77, 104-5 Lf. 107-8 mean level 101-2 peak level 102-4 reverse 106-7 tuner 48,49,107-8 Alignment see I.F. amplifiers Aquadag coating 212,234 289 Aspect ratio 14,246 Attenuator, aerial 260-1 Automatic chrominance control (a.c.c.) 112,113,130 Automatic phase control (a.p.c.) 130 (B'-Y') see Colour difference Back porch 25-6 Bandwidth see also Sidebands aerial 254 chrominance 18,85 colour difference 19, 85 i.f. 58,60,61 i 246 luminance 85 TV channel 17 video 12-17,79,246 Beam limiting 90,96-9 Beat pattern see Interference Bistable 134 Black level, clamp 80-3,124-5,247, see also D.C. level restoration in video waveform 25-6, 78, 80-1 Blanking, burst 114 flyback 90,95-6,170,176,195 Boost h.t. 194,200,263,281, see also Efficiency diode Brightness control 82,83,90,91-3 Burst see also Sub carrier regeneration amplifier 126,127 blanking 113,114 discriminator 127, 128 formation of 23,32
290 Index Burst (cont). gating 126,127 phase 23 Cable, aerial 257-8 Camera, arrangements in colour TV 11-12 tube 6-7 Casco de amplifier 64 Cathode modulation of c.r.t. 74, 88, 122-3 Cathode ray tube (c.r.t.) 42-3 colour 210,211 convergence see Convergence correction delta gun 213-16 electrodes 211 grey scale see Grey scale tracking in-line gun 216-17 linearity (of picture) 212, 213, s"ee also Field time base, Line time base monochrome 210, 211 pincushion distortion see Pincushion correction precision in-line (PIL) 217,238, 244 purity 212,237-8 replacement of 213,234 safety precautions 233-4 shadowmask 214 Trinitron 217-18 voltages 79,125,211 waveforms see Colour bar Ceramic filter 146, 149 Chrominance (chroma), amplifiers 112-19 bandwidth 19,112 delay line 116-19 formation of 20-2,32-3 modulation of 120 phase errors 22-3,114-16 phasor diagram 31,32,115 U and V s 21-2,31,32, 116 waveforms see Colour bar Clamp circuit see Black level clamp Colour bar 27,245,248 waveforms 27,28-33,122-3 Colour control see Saturation Colour difference drive 89,124-5 Colour difference see also Chrominance amplifiers 124-5 (B'-Y') 10,29,30 bandwidth 19 demodulation 119-21,113 de-weighting 89,122 formation of 10, 11 (G'-Y') 11,29,30,89,121 (R'-Y') 10,28,29 waveforms see Colour bar weighting of 22,32,33 Colour killer 87,113,132,137 Colour tubes see Cathode ray tube Colours, complementary 4 mixing of 2-5 primary 4 Contrast control 93-5, 102, 103, 114 Convergence correction 212,215-16, 218-19 adjustments 236, 239-40, 240-2 circuit diagrams 219-25 delta gun tube 215, 219-23, 240-2 differential 219,222,241 dynamic 216,219-25,240-2, 247 field 219-23,224-5,240-1 'in-line'tube 223-5,239,242 lateral 216,221 line 221-3,224,240-1 matrixed 219,241 precision in-line (PIL) tube 240 radial 216,221 static 216,220,239-40,241, 245,247 waveforms 218-19 Cross-hatch 219,245,247 Cross-over distortion 150-1, 175 Crowbar circuit 285 Crystal oscillator 129 Darlington pair 271 D.C. amplifiers 79-80,151-2 D.C. level see also Black level of convergence waveform 223
Index restoration of 80-1,90 of video waveform 78-9 Decoder, colour 40-1,110-42 De-emphasis 147-8,150 Degaussing, automatic 232-3 manual 237 Delay line, chrominance 116-19 luminance 85-6, 248 Demodulator see Detector Desaturated colours 5,30,123-4 Detector see also Discriminator a.f.c. 70-2 a.g.c. 102-3 chrominance 112 coincidence 148-50 colour difference 119-21 diode 74-5 Foster-Seeley 70, 71 Lf. 50 phase 128,182-5 quadrature 77, 148-50 ratio 146-7 slope 148 sound 146-50 suppressed carrier 20, 119-21 synchronous 75-9, 119-21 video 39,73-9,98 Diac 275 Dichroic mirrors (prisms) 11 Differentiating circuits 160-1 Diode, attenuator 113 detector 74-5 dropper 265 mixer 50,74 modulator 230-1 rectifier 266-8 Diode split winding 202 Diplexer 257 Dipole 250-4 Discriminator, burst 127-8 line sync. pulse 181 Driveramplifier 99,119,151,175, 190 Efficiency diode see also Boost h.t. semiconductor 193,195,197, 204 valve 200 E.H.T.(extra high tension), generation of 194,201-4 overwind 201,202,203 rectifiers 201, 202 tuning 203-4 Electronic smoothing 271 Encoder, colour 20-2 Equalising pulses 34,35,160 291 Fault-finding, in a.f.c. 72 a.g.c. 108-9 colour decoder 140-2,245,246, 247 d.c. amplifiers 108 field time base 179-80 I.C.s 142-3 Lf. strip 65 line time base 206-9 luminance rtages 86 power supplies 286 sync. separator 157,178-9,245 tuner 57 video amplifiers 108 Field time base 42,164-70,171-6, 176-80 amplifiers 168,175-6, 176-8 fault-finding 179-80 linearity 161-4, 170, 175, 180 oscillators 165-7,168,171-4 switched mode 178 synchronisation 34-5, 159-60, 168,173 waveforms 162,169-70,174, 175 Fifth harmonic tuning 203 Flashover, tube 198,233 Flyback, blanking 90,95-6, 170, 176 tuning see line time base Flywheel synchronisation 181-5 Frame see Field time base Frame frequency 15 Frequency interleaving 18-19 Front porch 25-6 (G'-Y') see Colour difference Gating see A.G.C., Burst Ghost images 248,250,254,258,259 Grid modulation of C.Lt. 89,125 Grey scale tracking 90,231-2,243-4
292 Index Hanover bars 115,119,133,142,247 Highlights, picture 243 Horizontal deflectidn see line time base Hue 1,5 I.C.s (integrated circuits), a.f.c. 71, 77 a.g.c. 77 colour decoder 136-40 fault-finding 142-3 field time base 176-8 line time base 185,189 luminance 92, 137-40 power supplies 48,269,280-3, 285 sound stages 149-50 sync. separator 177 tuner control 48,54,55,56,57 video stages 75-7,92,137-40 Ident 129, 130, 131, see also PAL switch I.F. amplifiers 39, 58-69 alignment 66-9 response shaping 58-65 Illuminant D 244 Integrating circuits 157-60,191 Intercarrier sound see Sound stages Interference s 59,60,74, 75, 105, 107, 145, 148, 181, 277, see also Noise Interlace filter 164, 168 Interlaced scanning 15,180,247 Keystone distortion 231 Lecher bars 47,49,50,53 Umiting amplifier 69, 145 line frequency 26 line time base 41, 181-209, see also E.H.T. driver amplifier 190 fault-finding 206-9 flyback tuning 191-2,193,194, 195,200 linearity 161-4,194,197 oscillators 177, 185-9 output stage 192-5,195-8, 198-201 output transformer 194-5, 199-201 stabilisation 198-9 synchronisation 34-5, 161, 181-5 waveforms 162,185-6,190 width control 194,197,198, 199,231,236,281 linearity see Cathode ray tube, Field time base, line time base linearity sleeve 212-13 L.O.P.T. see line time base, output transformer Luminance 5 amplifiers 85-7, 100, see also Video amplifiers bandwidth 85,87 delay line 85-6 formation of 11, 28 waveforms see Colour bar Matrix see Convergence correction, Encoder, (G'-Y'), R', G', B' matrix Mixer stage 50, 52-3, 74 Moire pattern 236 Multivibrator 165-7, 171-4 Negative feedback 63, 84, 151, 153, 164,170,175 Negative modulation 8-9, 73 Noise 9, 37, see also Interference N.T.C. see Thermistor N.T.S.C. colour system 23 Oscillator, blocking 166,167,189 crystal 129 field see Field time base Hartley 186-8 line see Line time base multivibrator 165-7,171-4 subcarrier see Sub carrier regeneration tuner 50 Overcurrent protection 283-4 Overvoltage protection 284-6
Index 293 PAL colour system 22-3, 114 PAL-D 116 PALoS 116,119,137 PAL switch 133-6, 140, 142 Parabola waveform 170-5,218-19, 227,230 Peak white 8,25,26,122 Phase errors 22-3, 24, 114-17 Phasor diagrams 31, 32, 115 Picture tube see Cathode ray tube Pincushion distortion 213,225-7 colour TV 225-31, 243 monochrome TV 213 correction transductor 227-9 Positive modulation 8-9,73 Pre-emphasis 147, 148 Primary colours 4 Protection circuits see Beam limiting, Overcurrent protection, Overvoltage protection, Voltage regulators P.T.C. see Thermistor Purity correction 212,237-8 Quadrature modulation 20,120 Quiescent current 150,152 Raster 41 Raster correction see Convergence correction, Pincushion distortion Reactance stage 129, 186 Rectifier circuits 194,265-8 Reference oscillator 125-30 Reflected see Ghost Remote control 55-7 R', G', B' amplifiers 82,83,87-9 R', G', B' drive 87-9,100,111,122-24 R', G', B' matrix 38,40,88,122,140 Ringing 65,189,190,198,282, see also Stability Safety 69, 209, 283-7 aerial installation 46-7 cathode ray tube 233-4 components 209, 287 legal implications 44, 209, 287 power supplies 44 X-rays 209,234 Saturation 5, see also Desaturated colours control 95,113-14,137 S-correction 162-4,193,194,197,200 S.C.S. (silicon controlled switch) 173, 174,175,273 SECAM system 24 Shadowmask 214,217 Shift, picture 213 Sidebands 15-17, 19, 59 Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) see Thyristor Simple PAL see P AL-S Sound muting 57 Sound system 41 amplifiers 145, 150-3 de-emphasis 147-8,150 detection 146-50 intercarrier principle 36, 144 pre-emphasis 147, 148 Spark gaps 234 Stabilisation of e.h.t. 198-9,203, 279,284 height 170 power supplies see Voltage regulators width 198-9,281 Stability, amplifier 61, 63 Striations 198,208 Sub carrier, colour, burst see Burst choice of frequency 19 dot pattern 19, 60 filter, notch 86-7 90 phase shift 134, 140 regeneration of 125-30,137 suppression of 19-20 Surface acoustic wave filter 64 Swinging burst 23 Switch-off spot suppression 91-3 Switched mode field time base 178 Switched mode power supplies 272-83 Synchronising pulses 7, 25, 34-5, 157-61 Synchronous demodulation 75-9, 119-21 Sync. pulse separator 41, 154-7, 176, 178-9 noise gated 155-6
294 Teietext 36,79,260 Test cards 245-8 Thermistor 170,175,233,264 Third harmonic tuning 203 Thyristor 273 line time base 204 power supplies 273-7 Tilt control 219 Time constant 158,162 Tint control 24, 232 Transductor 227-9 Triad 214 Trinitron 217-18 TripIer 202 Tuner 37 a.f.c. 50 a.g.c. 48,49,107-8 diode switching 52-3 electronic see varicap fault-finding 57 integrated 50-3 mecha'nical 47-8,50 mixer 50,52-3 oscillator 50,52-3,58 remote control 55-7 r.f. amplifier 46-7, 48-50 touch control 53-5 u.h.f. 46-50 varicap 48-50 v.h.f. 50-3 U and V s see Chrominance Varicap diode 48 VDR (voltage dependent resistor) 91, 93,168,198,199,269 Vertical deflection see Field time base Vestigial sideband transmission 17, 59 Video amplifiers 39,79-85,99-101, see also Luminance amp., R', G', B' amp. bandwidth 79 brightness control 82,83,90, 91-3 contrast control 93-5 d.c. amplification 79-83 fault-finding 108 frequency response 60,74,79, 83-5,90,246 Index Video detector 39, 73-9 diode circuit 74-5 filtering 75,77 polarity of 73 synchronous 75-9 Video recorder 185 Video, black level of 25-6, 78, 80-2 d.c.levelof 78, 79 formation of 7,8-9,13-14, 32-3 polarity of 73 time/amplitude relationship 25 Vision buzz 145, 148 Vision carrier, channel allocation 17, 58,59 negative modulation 8-9 positive modulation 8-9 Vision Lf. 58 Voltage multipliers 201-2 Voltage regulators, chopper circuit 277-8 I.C. 48,269,280-3 line output 278-80 protection circuits 275-6,282, 283-6,288 series transistor 269-71, 277-8, 284 shunt transistor 272, 278-83 switched-mode 272-83 thyristor 273-7 Zener diode 268-9 Waveforms see Colour bar, Convergence correction, Field time base, Line time base, Pincushion distortion Weighting factors 22, 33 Wideband amplifiers 61 Width control 194, 197, 198, 199, 231, 236,281 Wobbulator 67 X-rays 209,234 X-tal see Crystal oscillator Y- see Luminance Zener diode 268-70,272,276,284, 285