Warm-up Explain the quote below. What does this quote say about poetry? What is poetry? What is poetry about? What does it say about life? "We don't read and write poetry because it's cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. To quote from Whitman, "O me! O life!... of the questions of these recurring; of the endless trains of the faithless... of cities filled with the foolish; what good amid these, O me, O life?" Answer. That you are here - that life exists, and identity; that the powerful play goes on and you may contribute a verse. That the powerful play goes on and you may contribute a verse. What will your verse be?" --John Keating, Dead Poet Society
POETRY
POETRY A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)
POETRY FORM FORM - the appearance of the words on the page LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem STANZA - a group of lines arranged together A word is dead When it is said, Some say. I say it just Begins to live That day.
KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet = a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza Quatrain = a four line stanza Quintet = a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza Septet = a seven line stanza Octave = an eight line stanza
POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET SPEAKER the author of the poem the narrator of the poem.
TYPES OF POETRY
LYRIC A short poem Usually written in first person point of view Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene Do not tell a story and are often musical best examples of lyric poetry come from Italian and English sonnets
HAIKU A Japanese poem written in three lines Five Syllables Seven Syllables Five Syllables Example: An old silent pond... A frog jumps into the pond. Splash! Silence again.
CINQUAIN A five line poem containing 22 syllables Two Syllables Four Syllables Six Syllables Eight Syllables Two Syllables Example: How frail Above the bulk Of crashing water hangs Autumnal, evanescent, wan The moon.
SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shall I compare thee to a summer s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer s lease hath all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature s changing course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow st; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow st So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
NARRATIVE POEMS A poem that tells a story. Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot. Examples of Narrative Poems The Raven The Highwayman Casey at the Bat The Walrus and the Carpenter
CONCRETE POEMS In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem. Poetry Is like Flames, Which are Swift and elusive Dodging realization Sparks, like words on the Paper, leap and dance in the Flickering firelight. The fiery Tongues, formless and shifting Shapes, tease the imiagination. Yet for those who see, Through their mind s Eye, they burn Up the page.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
SIMILE A comparison of two things using like, as than, or resembles. Example: She is as beautiful as a sunrise.
METAPHOR A direct comparison of two unlike things Does not use the words like, as, than, or resembles. Example: All the world s a stage, and we are merely players. - William Shakespeare
EXTENDED METAPHOR A metaphor that goes several lines or possible the entire length of a work.
IMPLIED METAPHOR The comparison is hinted at but not clearly stated. Example: The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it. - from The Pearl by John Steinbeck
PERSONIFICATION An animal given humanlike qualities or an object given life-like qualities. Basic Personification Examples The flowers begged for water. Lightning danced across the sky. The carved pumpkin smiled at me. The wind whispered softly in the night. The sun played hide and seek with the clouds. The stars winked at me. The camera loved her. The bed groaned.
PERSONIFICATION from Ninki by Shirley Jackson Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief by the general air of incompetence exhibited in the kitchen, and she went into the living room and got Shax, who is extraordinarily lazy and never catches his own chipmunks, but who is, at least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw clearly, to a man with a gun.
Elements of Literature book (green book) Turn to page 397
Practice A metaphor for someone who is good at gardening Has a green thumb A simile for someone who is extremely thin A simile for someone who can swim well Swims like a fish A metaphor for someone who is very generous
Practice What are other similes that you know? What are other metaphors that you know?
Practice What are other examples of personification that have not already been mentioned in class.
Review Exit Slip What is poetry? What is a simile? What is a metaphor? What is personification?
Warm-up Copy each line and identify each as a simile, metaphor, or personification. Her shirt was yellow like a sunflower. He was so small that the chair swallowed him whole. He was a bull in a china shop.
SOUND EFFECTS
RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.
METER A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.
METER cont. FOOT - unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables. Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables. TYPES OF FEET The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. (cont.)
METER cont. TYPES OF FEET (cont.) Iambic - unstressed, stressed Trochaic - stressed, unstressed Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed
FREE VERSE POETRY Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Does NOT have rhyme. Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. A more modern type of poetry.
BLANK VERSE POETRY from Julius Ceasar Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme. Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear; Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.
RHYME Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short a vowel sound Share the combined mp consonant sound
END RHYME A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line Hector the Collector Collected bits of string. Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring.
INTERNAL RHYME A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. From The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
RHYME SCHEME A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually see the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)
SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME The Germ by Ogden Nash A mighty creature is the germ, Though smaller than the pachyderm. His customary dwelling place Is deep within the human race. His childish pride he often pleases By giving people strange diseases. Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a
ONOMATOPOEIA Words that imitate the sound they are naming BUZZ OR sounds that imitate another sound The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain...
ALLITERATION Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?
CONSONANCE Similar to alliteration EXCEPT... The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words silken, sad, uncertain, rustling..
ASSONANCE Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. (Often creates near rhyme.) Lake Fate Base Fade (All share the long a sound.)
ASSONANCE cont. Examples of ASSONANCE: Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing. - John Masefield Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep. - William Shakespeare
REFRAIN A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem. Quoth the raven, Nevermore. From The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
Elements of Literature book (green book) Turn to page 338-339
Elements of Literature book (green book) Turn to page 341
Groups Group 1: Rhythm Group 2: Rhyme Group 3: Onomatopoeia Group 4: Alliteration Group 5: Consonance Group 6: Assonance
Warm-up Think of your favorite song. What makes that song so interesting to you? Why does it appeal to you? Give 2 details about it.
Warm-up Write an example for each of the following: Alliteration Onomatopoeia Classify the sentence. My husband and I will watch attentively for the winner of the game tonight.
OTHER POETIC DEVICES
SYMBOLISM When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace
Allusion Allusion comes from the verb allude which means to refer to An allusion is a reference to something famous. A tunnel walled and overlaid With dazzling crystal: we had read Of rare Aladdin s wondrous cave, And to our own his name we gave. From Snowbound John Greenleaf Whittier
IMAGERY Language that appeals to the senses. Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather... from Those Winter Sundays
Elements of Literature book (green book) Turn to page 355 POETRY: Images
Imagery in The Highwayman 1. 2. 3. - - - Sight 1. - 2. - 3. - Hearing
Elements of Literature book (green book) Turn to page 348 First Thoughts, Shaping Interpretations, Connecting with the Text
Warm-up Write one example for each of the following: Assonance Consonance Classify the sentence. Will you be at the party on Friday?
Warm-up Give an example of symbolism Give an example of imagery Math Target: 3/5 + 3/16 =
Poetry Terms Practice Find an example of each poetry term for each of the poems. El Dorado I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud Simile Simile Personification Personification Rhyme Rhyme Consonance Consonance Assonance Assonance Alliteration Alliteration Imagery Imagery symbolism The Road Not Taken Rhyme Consonance Assonance Alliteration Personification imagery When I was One-And- Twenty Rhyme Consonance Assonance Alliteration Refrain
Warm-up Write your own example of each of the following: Consonance Assonance Alliteration Math Target: 11 / 2 + 23 / 8
Poetry Terms Practice Find an example of each poetry term for each of the poems. If Personificati on Rhyme Consonance Assonance Alliteration Imagery I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Metaphor Personification Rhyme Consonance Assonance Alliteration Imagery Not in Vain Refrain Consonance Assonance Alliteration Personification Dream Deferred Metaphor Simile Personification Rhyme Consonance Assonance Alliteration Imagery
Warm-up Use one word to summarize how the following quote makes you feel: But a caged BIRD stands on the grave of dreams His shadow shouts on a nightmare scream His wings are clipped and his feet are tied So he opens his throat to sing. I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou Math Target: 1 / 2 + 13 / 6
Mood Overall feeling created by a story, poem, or another work of literature Emotional atmosphere Can usually be described by one or two adjectives Examples: sad, peaceful, scared, hopeful, exciting, etc.
Tone Attitude that a writer takes towards the audience, a subject, or a character Conveyed through the writer s choice of words and details Examples: You re a big help can be genuine (truthful) or can be sarcastic (cruel)
Tone Words Cheerful Cold Shameful Angry Formal Urgent Compassionate Pleasant Surprised Energetic Mocking Patriotic Somber Horrific Serious Disgusted Outraged Teasing Judgmental Hopeless Gloomy Confused Silly Humorous Reflective Threatening
Intensity of Tone Tone Words Sad Devastated Depressed Pitiful Sad Least to Greatest Intensity Pitiful Depressed Devastated
Intensity of Tone 5 groups In your groups put the cards in the order of the least intensity to the greatest intensity. Each group member must write down the word order in his/her composition notebook!!!! Use a dictionary to look up words you may not know.
Warm-up Complete the literary terms worksheet in your composition book. Math Target: 29 / 2 + 8 / 5
Elements of Literature book (green book) Turn to page 350 Make the Connection Elements of Literature Page 351 Annabel Lee
Pre-Reading Annabel Lee Loss Emotions that go with Loss
Warm-up/Practice Finish answering questions 2 6 on pg. 354. Find examples of the following poetry terms in Annabel Lee: Alliteration Personification Symbolism Rhyme Consonance Assonance Imagery Metaphor Math Target: 5 / 14 + 13 / 4
Warm-up Write an example of assonance, consonance, and alliteration. Math Target x 7 = -5
Annabel Lee Quiz Write on your own paper. NO TALKING!!!!
When finished with your quiz: Read My Father Is a Simple Man and Mama Is a Sunrise on pg. 399 400.
My Father Is a Simple Man and Mama is a Sunrise Fill in the comparison chart below on the two pomes. Answer questions 5 and 6 on pg. 402 403 in complete sentences. My Father Is a Simple Man Mama Is a Sunrise Subject Speaker Figures of Speech Theme