BRITAIN AND THE MAASTRICHT NEGOTIATIONS
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Britain and the Maastricht Negotiations Anthony Forster Lecturer in Politics University of Nottingham ~ in association with PALGRA VE MACMILLAN
First published in Great Britain 1999 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-40673-9 ISBN 978-0-333-98417-8 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780333984178 First published in the United States of America 1999 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Forster, Anthony, 1964-- Britain and the Maastricht negotiations I Anthony Forster. p. em.- (St Antony's series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21848-5 (cloth) 1. European Union-Great Britain. I. Title. HC240.25.G7F67 1999 337.41-dc21 Anthony Forster 1999 II. Series. 98-42267 CIP Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 978-0-333-73170-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 08 07 06 05 ISBN 978-0-312-21848-5 6 5 04 03 4 3 02 01 2 1 00 99
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Contents Acknowledgements Introduction 1 The Origins of British Policy 2 Economic and Monetary Union 3 Social Policy 4 Foreign and Security Policy 5 Institutional Reform: the European Parliament 6 Explaining British Policy in the IGCs 7 Conclusion Select Bibliography Appendix 1 List of InteTViewees Appendix 2 Chronology of Key Events 1989-91 Index IX 1 21 46 79 104 132 160 175 185 199 202 208 vii
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Acknowledgements In researching this subject and preparing my doctorate for publication, I owe a considerable debt of gratitude to a number of people. I would like to thank my supervisor William Wallace for his support throughout. From start to finish his insights, guidance and encouragement made the research a pleasure to undertake. William continues to inspire a whole generation of scholars and I would like to express my thanks to him. I would also like to thank Anne Deighton, Geoffrey Edwards, Anand Menon and Vincent Wright for their valuable advice at crucial moments. I am grateful to the politicians, officials and those involved in the policy-making process who agreed to be interviewed for this research. I would further like to thank Alasdair Blair, Andrew Crockett, Debra France, Maurice Fraser, David Hadley, Christopher Taylor and Anthony Teasdale who read the whole manuscript or parts of it. I am responsible for both matters of interpretation and argument, but I am grateful to them for their critical advice. The research was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, but I would also like to acknowledge financial support from St Hugh's College, Oxford, the Institut d'etudes Europeennes, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, where I held a Weiner Anspach visiting research fellowship, and the Western European Union Institute for Security Studies, Paris. My greatest thanks are to Victoria Child who has never flinched from challenging my assumptions and unpicking my arguments. Her intellectual honesty and rigour has provided me with a debt of gratitude I can never hope to repay. This book is dedicated to her. IX