IP, 4K/UHD & HDR test & measurement challenges explained Phillip Adams, Managing Director
So what are the big challenges facing the industry?
HD UHD Higher bandwidths for immersive 4K/UHD
HDR/WCG gaining momentum uptake by HD + UHD broadcasters
SMPTE ST 2022-6 SMPTE ST 2110 IP fast gaining maturity Greater scalability, more flexible business models
IP SMPTE ST 2022-6 SMPTE ST 2110 4K/UHD-SDI 12G/6G/3G HDR / WCG 12G/6G/3G/HD New, smarter test & measurement tools It s a Hybrid World!
HD UHD (12G-SDI) transition Monitoring & compliance challenges
What s to be covered o What s driving UHD? o What s happening with the key IP standards? o Key compliance & signal quality challenges? o What s needed for test & measurement?
Drivers behind UHD o Demand for more engaging content to differentiate services o Rising consumer expectations o New & ubiquitous UHD TVs o Government promotion in Asia o Industry pushes like ATSC 3.0 o 12G-SDI enables UHD within traditional broadcast architecture Premier content like sports and movies leading roll out
UHD the challenges Proliferation of new standards & formats Managing UHD payloads 12G SDI, multiple links Maintaining UHD signal integrity complex & unforgiving
Proliferation of UHD standards Video Standards ST2036-1:2014 UHDTV Image Parameter Values for Program Production ST2036-2:2008 UHDTV Audio Characteristics and Audio Channel Mapping for Program Production ST2048-1:2011 Digital Cinematography Production Image Formats ST424:2012 3 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface ST425-1:2014 Source Image Format and Ancillary Data Mapping for 3Gbps SDI ST425-3:2014 Source Image Format and Ancillary Data Mapping for Dual link 3Gbps SDI ST425-5:2014 Source Image Format and Ancillary Data Mapping for Quad link 3Gbps SDI ST2081-1:2015 6 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface Electrical ST2081-10:2015 2160-Line and 1080-Line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Single-Link 6G-SDI ST2081-11:2016 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Dual link 6G-SDI ST2081-12:2016 4320-line and 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Quad-link 6G-SDI ST2082-1:2015 12 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface Electrical ST2082-10:2015 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for 12G-SDI ST2082-11:2016 4320-line and 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Dual-link 12G-SDI ST2082-12:2016 4320-line and 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Quad-link 12G-SDI ITU-R BT.2077-0 Part 3 (Real-time SDI for UHDTV signals)
and more standards Audio Standards ST272M:2004 SD-SDI 16 channel audio ST299-1:2009 HD-SDI 16 channel audio ST299-2:2010 HD-SDI 16 additional channels for 3G SDI (ST 425 Level A) HDR Standards ARIB STD-B67 Hybrid Log Gamma (BBC/NHK) ST2084:2014 High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function of Mastering Reference Displays (Dolby) S-Log3 (Sony) ITU standards ITU-R BT.601 (Parameter values for SDTV systems) ITU-R BT.709 (Parameter values for HDTV systems) ITU-R BT.2020-1 (Parameter values for UHDTV systems)
UHD payloads explained Pixels Lines Frames 10b 4:2:2/4:2:0 (Gbps) 10b 4:4:4(:4) (Gbps) 12b 4:4:4 (Gbps) 12b 4:2:2(:4) (Gbps) 7680 4320 120/119.88 80 160 160 160 UHDTV1/4K UHDTV2/8K 7680 4320 100 67 133 133 133 7680 4320 60/59.94 40 80 80 80 7680 4320 50 34 67 67 67 7680 4320 30/29.97 20 40 40 40 7680 4320 25 17 34 34 34 7680 4320 24/23.98 16 32 32 32 3840 2160 120/119.88 20 40 40 40 3840 2160 100 17 34 34 34 3840 2160 60/59.94 10 20 20 20 3840 2160 50 9 17 17 17 3840 2160 30/29.97 5 10 10 10 3840 2160 25 5 9 9 9 3840 2160 24/23.98 4 8 8 8
UHD payloads explained Pixels Lines Frames 10b 4:2:2/4:2:0 (Gbps) 10b 4:4:4(:4) (Gbps) 12b 4:4:4 (Gbps) 12b 4:2:2(:4) (Gbps) 7680 4320 120/119.88 80 [8] 160 [16] 160 [16] 160 [16] UHDTV1/4K UHDTV2/8K 7680 4320 100 67 [8] 133 [16] 133 [16] 133 [16] 7680 4320 60/59.94 40 [4] 80 [8] 80 [8] 80 [8] 7680 4320 50 34 [4] 67 [8] 67 [8] 67 [8] 7680 4320 30/29.97 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4] 7680 4320 25 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4] 7680 4320 24/23.98 16 [2] 32 [4] 32 [4] 32 [4] 3840 2160 120/119.88 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4] 3840 2160 100 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4] 3840 2160 60/59.94 10 [1] 20 [2] 20 [2] 20 [2] 3840 2160 50 9 [1] 17 [2] 17 [2] 17 [2] 3840 2160 30/29.97 5 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1] 3840 2160 25 5 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1] 3840 2160 24/23.98 4 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1] Table Entries: Mapped Video Payload in Gbps [number of 12Gbps links required]
UHD payloads explained Pixels Lines Frames 10b 4:2:2/4:2:0 (Gbps) 10b 4:4:4(:4) (Gbps) 12b 4:4:4 (Gbps) 12b 4:2:2(:4) (Gbps) UHDTV1/4K UHDTV2/8K 7680 4320 120/119.88 80 [8] 160 [16] 160 [16] 160 [16] 7680 4320 100 67 [8] 133 [16] 133 [16] 133 [16] 7680 4320 60/59.94 40 [4] 80 [8] 80 [8] 80 [8] 7680 4320 50 34 [4] 67 [8] 67 [8] 67 [8] 7680 4320 30/29.97 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4] 7680 4320 25 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4] 7680 4320 24/23.98 16 [2] 32 [4] 32 [4] 32 [4] 3840 2160 120/119.88 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4] 3840 2160 100 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4] 3840 2160 60/59.94 10 [1] 20 [2] 20 [2] 20 [2] 3840 2160 50 9 [1] 17 [2] 17 [2] 17 [2] 3840 2160 30/29.97 5 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1] 3840 2160 25 5 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1] 3840 2160 24/23.98 4 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1] Table Entries: Mapped Video Payload in Gbps [number of 12Gbps links required] 48G payload (4x 12G-SDI) 24G payload (2x 12G-SDI) 12G payload (1x 12G-SDI) 6G payload (1x 6G-SDI)
SMPTE: Maintaining UHD signal integrity Data Rate 1.485 Gbps 2.97 Gbps 5.94 Gbps 11.88 Gbps Standard SMPTE ST292-1:2012 SMPTE ST424:2012 SMPTE ST2081-1:2015 SMPTE ST2082-1:2015 Coding Scrambled NRZI Scrambled NRZI Scrambled NRZI Scrambled NRZI Amplitude 800 mv +/- 10% 800 mv +/- 10% 800 mv +/- 10% 800 mv +/- 10% DC Offset 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V Rise / Fall time < 270 ps < 135 ps < 80 ps < 45 ps Rise / Fall time difference < 100 ps < 50 ps < 35 ps < 18 ps Over/Under-shoot <10% of the amplitude <10% of the amplitude <10% of the amplitude <10% of the amplitude Timing Jitter (colour bar test signal) Alignment Jitter (colour bar test signal) Coaxial cable length (Belden 1694A) Coaxial cable length (Canare L-5.5CUHD) < 1 UI (10 Hz to 148.5 MHz) < 0.2 UI (100 khz to 148.5 MHz) < 2 UI (10 Hz to 297 MHz) < 0.3 UI < 0.2 UI recommended (100 khz to 297 MHz) < 4 UI (10 Hz to 594 MHz) < 0.3 UI < 0.2 UI recommended (100 khz to 594 MHz) < 8UI (10 Hz to 1188 MHz) < 0.3 UI < 0.2 UI recommended (100 khz to 1188 MHz) 200 m 200 m 100 m 70 m 100 m
Maintaining UHD signal integrity: cables Belden 1694A Designed for 3G-SDI Works with 12G-SDI to 70m on the present chipsets 100m on next generation chipsets Canare L-5.5CUHD Designed for 12G-SDI Works with 12G-SDI to 100m on the present chipsets 125m on next generation chipsets
UHD (12G-SDI) Adapting test & measurement tools for UHD (12G-SDI)
New test & measurement tools for UHD (12G-SDI) Physical layer testing with Eye & Jitter Stress testing systems with Pathological signals
Eye & Jitter testing for UHD (12G-SDI) Physical layer testing is especially important with 12G-SDI in view of the greater cable length sensitivity & unforgiving nature of UHD
RTE TM 12G Eye & Jitter analysis for UHD Real time, multi rate eye RTE TM, 12G, 6G, 3G, HD-SDI >30GHz analogue bandwidth (5x 6GHz fundamental) SMPTE compliance measurements: Eye Amplitude DC offset Overshoot/Undershoot Rise Time/Fall Time Timing/Alignment Jitter H and V Histograms Instant, accurate readings
Jitter analysis for UHD (12G-SDI) Monitor Jitter in 5 specified frequency bands Filter frequencies simultaneously High frequencies most important This isn t the whole story, check eye pattern for higher frequency jitter above 20MHz SMPTE RP184-2015: Specification of Jitter in Bit-Serial Digital Systems SMPTE RP192-2015: Jitter Measurement Procedures In Bit-Serial Digital Interfaces
Jitter measurements beware! Measurements taken from different instruments will be different Be aware of instrument noise floors, filter pass band & cut-off rates, upper measurement limits, measurement algorithms & calibration
Pathological signals for UHD (6G and 12G-SDI) Established method adopted for the stress testing of SDI interfaces SMPTE RP 198-1998 Pathological signals are recommended by SMPTE for use with SD, HD & 3G standards only Not yet approved by SMPTE for 6G or 12G-SDI may take a few more years for approval!
New pathological tools for Qx With pathological patterns, the pathological signal only occurs statistically every 512 lines! A new tool will provide feedback of pathological conditions on the interface with GPI trigger output Checkfield, PLL and EQ testing
Pathological signals for UHD PHABRIX solution Pathological Checkfield Overlay developed by PHABRIX with major SDI chip manufacturer cooperation Used to verify how sensitive the SDI link is to pathological conditions on the interface
Questions?