Armenia 01 Media Public Opinion and Preference Survey Alternative Recourses In Media Project (implemented by a consortium of Internews, YPC, EPF) Caucasus Research Resource Centers-ARMENIA crrc@crrc.am November, 01 Yerevan
Outline 1. Traditional Media General Overview (TV, Radio, Newspapers) Concerns Opportunities. Alternative/online Media General overview (Internet usage and access, Social networking) Concerns A look forward
Survey parameters Sampling frame: 01 comprehensive list of electricity users Sample size: 140 households Sampling approach: multistage cauterized random sampling of households Area coverage: Yerevan, other urban and rural areas in all marzes of RA (proportionate-to-population) Respondent sampling criteria: The upcoming birthday method among adults (16+) within the household Margin of error: ±.5%, with a 95% confidence interval Field work period: May-June 01 Interview method: face to face interviews
Implementing team Sona Balasanyan: - Questionnaire review and study implementation coordinator, PPT file developer; Ruben Yeganyan - questionnaire adviser and fieldwork plan developer, CRRC-Armenian all staff including junior fellows 49 supervisors and interviewers CRRC-Armenia team acknowledges generous advice by Manana Aslamazyan, Gevorg Ter-Gabrielyan, Boris Navasardian and many others from EPF, MIC and YPC
QA1. The most important source of information on current events and news (%) 01 011 TV 79 90 Internet 6 17 Neighbors, friends and relatives 0.5 Radio 1 Newspapers 1 1
Traditional Media General Overview: availability, usage, trust, content
QE1. Which of the following do you have at home? (% of total, by item, the list updated, 01) QE6. Household working appliance ownership (% of total by item, 011) TV set 98 TV set 97 DVD device 58 Radio in the car 88 Desktop computer 4 Satellite TV antenna/cable TV 64 Digital photo/video 7 Internet connection Notebook 5 Mobile phone 7 Cable TV device 18 Radio 6 Netbook 6 Videotape recorder/dvd player 0 Game device 5 Computer 15 Planshet 4 All None 0. None 0.
QB1. During the last 1 months, have you watched TV or listened to the radio? (%) 01 011 8 76 16 0.4 0.6 1 0. Watched only TV Watched TV and listened to Radio Listened to radio only Didn't watch TV and didn't listen to radio
QB. The average time spent for watching TV per day (%) 1 hours and more 9 01 011 9-1 hours 4 11 7-9 hours 8 1 5-7 hours 19-5 hours 5 1 1- hours 16 1 Less than 1 hour 5
QB4. Availability of TV channels and the frequency of watching on every day bases (%) Access Frequency of watching H1 Armenia TV Shant TV H Kentron TV Rossia/RTR/RTR planeta Yerkir Media Russian 1st/ORT Shoghakat TV ATV Armnews Yerevan TV AR Dar1 Laym Kultura Local TV Cabel TV channels Other 4 4 4 16 8 11 10 8 11 1 16 9 1 9 9 8 8 4 57 57 56 56 55 55 55 66 71 76 77 75 75 86 99 96 96 91 9
QA. How often do you use these sources to get information about current events and news? (%), 01 Every day Several times a week Once a week Once or twice per month Never Don't know Armenian TV channels 8 10 Russian TV channels 4 9 6 1 International TV channels 4 1 5 4 8 Radio 4 7 1 6 Newspapers/weekly newspapers 19 9 4 64 Online media 8 5 79 Social networks 7 6 4 78 Neighbors, friends and relatives 7 7 7 74
QA6. The level of trust towards each of the sources ( %, 01) Trust very much Somewhat trust Don t trust Don t trust at all Don't know Neighbors, friends and relatives 14 9 16 14 17 Local TV channels 10 47 0 10 14 Online media 9 1 11 7 41 Social networks 8 8 1 9 4 National TV channels 7 51 6 1 National radio stations 4 15 10 48 Local radio stations 4 0 1 1 51 Local newspapers 4 19 15 1 50 National newspapers 1 19 1 44
QA6. The level of trust toward each of the sources (011) Trust very much Somewhat trust Don't trust Don't trust at all DK Local TV channels 11 40 4 14 10 Neighbours, friends, relatives 9 46 4 1 9 National TV channels 8 47 0 1 Online publications 7 6 1 7 48 Social networking sites 6 6 1 9 46 Local newspapers 5 0 1 1 National radio stations 5 1 11 1 National newspapers 5 5 1 5 Local radio stations 5 8 0 1 5
QB10. Do you agree or disagree? (NEW, % of total for each statement) Agree Disagree Don't know TV should be regulated in providing sexual life related open information/programs 84 8 8 TV channels should provide news and ideas based on national benefit, security 81 9 10 TV should be regulated in providing religious campaign related information/programs 79 10 11 TV channels should have the right to broadcast news and ideas without government control 77 15 8 TV channels should have the right to broadcast news and ideas without business representatives control 75 11 14 The government should have the right to prevent TV channels from broadcasting news that it thinks will be destabilizing 74 16 10 The society, citizens should have leverage to control/criticize/reform the news and ideas provided by TVs 71 14 15 TV channels should be totally free 60 0 11
QB8. TV programs watched (multiple choice, % of total by item, the list for 01 was updated and edited) TV programs 01 011 News 65 69 Soap Operas 5 7 Music 4 40 Humor programs 6 NA Films 5 4 Sports 16 Political debates 14 14 Informative programs 1 18 Interviews with guests 11 NA Talk shows 8 NA Documentaries or special broadcasting 7 NA Publicist programs 4 NA Popular scientific programs 4 NA Programs on showbussiness stars NA Interactive programs Games, quizzes NA Entertainments programs NA 17 Analysis of current political events NA 6 Religious programs 1 Reality shows 1 NA Other 1
QB15. What do you like to listen to the most on the radio? (% of the listeners, multiple choice, N01=5, N011=7) 01 011 80 79 5 51 The situation has not changed drastically. Music is still the most listened. The share for the interview listeners has increased by 7 %. 18 11 10 7 Music News Interviews Quiz Other
QD. In which form do you usually read newspapers? (% of the readers, N01=99, N011=485) 01 011 77 54 1 7 16 Only hard copy Only online computer version Both hard copy and online version
QD1. Do you read newspapers? By education (% of newspaper readers, N01=99, N011=485) 01 011 57 57 5 9 8 16 9 Primary/No primary/incomplete secondary Complete secondary/technical Complete/incomplete higher/phd Total
QD. In which form do you usually read newspapers? (% of the readers, N01=99, new answer choices added) 54 1 1 1 Only hard copy Only online computer version Both hard copy and online version Only online smartphone version Only online tablet version
Major concern on Media
QA19. How much do you trust each of these institutions? (new answer choices added, 01) Trust very much Somewhat trust Don t trust Don t trust at all Don't know Refused Army 54 1 6 7 Church 49 8 8 Non governmental organizations 6 1 6 0 16 Executive power (president, government) 6 0 6 4 Legislative power (national assembly) 5 7 7 4 5 Judicial power/courts 5 6 4 4 8 Mass media 5 45 8 16 5 Political parties 1 1 7 7
01 011 QA4. How much do you agree that media covers news and events objectively? (%) Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Don't know Online media 9. 8.1 16.5 9.8 6. TV 8.9 5.4.6 1.9 8. Radios 5.4.5 18.9 10.7 41.4 Newspapers 5 4.4 0.8 1.1 7.7 TV 7.9 6.9 1.9 16.6 6.6 Online media 6.9 19.8 1.9 7.6 51.7 Newspapers 5.1 5.5 4. 1.8 1. Radios 5 4.8 0.5 1 6.7
011 01 QA4. How much do you agree that media covers news and events objectively? (%, excluded DK/RA) Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Online media 15 44 6 15 TV 9 9 7 15 Newspapers 8 9 19 Radios 9 40 18 Online media 14 41 9 16 TV 9 40 4 18 Newspapers 7 7 5 0 Radios 8 9 0
QA5. Main reason for non-objective coverage (N01=65, N011=78) 01 011 Political affiliation 6 65 Cencorship 7 8 Business affiliation 6 8 Financial limitations 4 4 w professionalism of journalists Self-censorship Other 0.5 1 1 5 6 DK 11 10 RF 1 1
QA9. Are you informed who are the media owners in particular?/specify the media name and type (number of cases) Media name and type specified The owner specified Kentron TV/Gagik Tsarukyan 1 1 Yerkir Media TV/Armenian Revolutionary Federation Armenia TV/Bagrat Sargsyan Shant/Arthur Yerznkyan Ar TV Armenian national channel/armen Amiryan 1 1 Refused Don't know 40 41
QA7. The independence of media from government and business control in Armenia (01) A lot Some Not much Not at all Don't know Online media 11 5 16 1 5 Social networks 11 4 15 1 6 National TV channels 6 1 6 8 10 Local TV channels 6 0 4 4 16 National radio stations 18 0 1 7 Local radio stations 18 17 4 8 National newspapers 0 0 4 Local newspapers 18 17 4 7
Alternative media: General overview
QE. Have you used the Internet in the last 1 months? (by age) Yes No Don't know 90 90 80 81 81 8 67 66 68 57 57 59 59 51 49 4 41 41 41 1 1 1 19 18 16 10 0. 1 1 6 4 0. 1 01 011 01 011 01 011 01 011 01 011 01 011 01 011 16-0 1-5 6-0 1-45 46-60 60+ Total
Rural Other urban Yerevan QE. Have you used the Internet in the last 1 months? (by settlement type) Yes No Don't know what the Internet is 01 64 6 011 44 56 01 50 50 011 4 65 1 01 8 61 1 011 14 8
QE4. Internet access primary device, 011 70 Computer Mobile phone Both Other 77 6 6 1 18 0.4 0 4 11 Yerevan Other Urban Rural QE9. Internet access primary device, 01 Desktop computer Laptop/notebook/netbook Tablet Phone 61 6 58 6 8 1 4 0. Yerevan Other urban Rural 1
QE7. Places the Internet is most frequently used (% of users, N01=656, N011=4) 01 011 At home 65 90 At workplace 14 Anywhere from my mobile phone 1 At Internet café 0. At university/school 0.6 1 Other 5
The reason for not using the Internet (% of cases, QE48, N=749, 01; QE7, N=976, 011) 01 011 Limited or no access to a computer/mobile phone 9 Age reasons/seniors 0 4 No interest Not enough time 11 11 10 17 Internet or computer too difficult to use No need/not useful 6 8 8 8 High prices for the Internet 4 7 Other DK 1 1 1 0.
How many hours daily on an average do you spend using the Internet? (QE4, N01=655, QE6, N011=8) 011 01 5 4 4 9 1 1 10 4 1 Up to 0 minutes From 0 minutes-1 hour - hours 4-6 hours 7-1 hours 1 hours and more
Activities performed in social networking sites (QE8, N01=458, QE1, N011=894, multiple choices) 01 011 Communicate with friends Post photos, videos, music Keep in touch with old friends from school or university Satisfy freedom of expression and desire for information Get information Meet new people and be entertained Messaging Share information Take quizzes Play games 5 1 18 41 6 1 6 6 4 1 6 8 54 54 90 88
65 QE6. Mostly used social networking sites (% among social networking site users, N01=458, the list was updated) 1 1 0. 0. Odnoklassniki Facebook Moy Mir MySpace Twitter Other 81 QE19. Mostly used social networking sites (% among social networking site users, N011=98) Odnoklassniki Facebook Moy Mir Other DK Refuse 1 4 1 1 Odnoklassniki Facebook Moy Mir Other DK Refuse
QE0. Do you use social networking sites to share political or social news? (%) (N01=459) Yes, both Yes, only political Yes, only social No 78 1 6 Yes, both Yes, only political Yes, only social No QE. Do you use social networking sites to share political or social news? (%) (N011=00) 84 7 9 Yes, both Yes, only social No
Do you watch, upload or share videos on the Internet? (QE9, N01=656, QE9, N011=44) 01 011 6 59 4 10 7 4 No Watch videos Upload videos Share videos
Videos watched on the sites (QE41, N01=44, QE1, N011=4, multiple choice) 01 011 81 79 6 5 51 47 14 14 1 10 9 14 4 4 Music Fun videos Films Sports Political content videos News programs Social content videos Other
Have you ever made a political or social comment and posted online? (QE4, N01=44, QE, N011=4, share of "yes"s) 011 6 01
Do you read or write blogs? (QE4, N01=656, QE7, N011=41) 70 01 011 64 6 0 8 7 0. 0.1 Don't use blogs Don't know what blog is Read blogs Both read and write blogs Write blogs
Concerns about the privacy on the Internet (QE46, N01=656, QE6, N011=41) 01 011 7 7 4 19 19 0 19 7 1 Not at all concerned Somewhat concerned Concerned Very concerned DK Refused
QE19. The best advantage of online media (N01=18) QE1. The best advantage of online media(n011=17) Timeless/timesaving 7 Timeless/timesaving 5 Convenient to access 19 Convenient to access 5 Free of charge 17 Available diversity of sources 4 Available diversity of sources 15 Free of charge 16 The urgency/operativeness 8 The freedom of speech, the absence of censorship Environmentally friendly 0.8 Environmentally friendly 0. Other 7 Don't know DK
What topics do you prefer to read in online newspapers/media? (% in total of online newspapers/news readers, QE0, 18 respondents in 01; QE1, 175 in 011; multiple-response question) Topics preferred 01 011 Politics 64 56 Society 49 Art/culture/literature 47 4 Sport 6 8 Fashion 8 5 Economics/Business news 18 Science/Technology 9 1 Celebrity news 4 41 Jobs/announcement 9 Other 5
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