Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources ABCSplashTV. Paul Robeson: On colonialism, African American rights (Spotlight, ABC, 1960). Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 20 August 2013. Web. 4 January 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puoidh944vk>. This video interview of Paul Robeson shows Robeson s views on African American rights in the United States. It gave us insight on what he really felt about the racism situation, and how despite the attitudes of the people of his time, he still considered himself an American. "Churchill and the Great Republic." Cold War and Long Sunset. Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/churchill/wc coldwar.html>. This website contained a recording of Winston Churchill s Iron Curtain speech, a primary source. We pulled a quote from the speech to show that the Cold War not only impacted America and the Soviet Union, but the whole world on either side of the iron curtain, providing historical context for the tension. "Enemies from Within: Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's Accusations of Disloyalty." "Enemies from Within": Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's Accusations of Disloyalty. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6456>. This transcript of McCarthy s speech is a primary source. It was essentially the source of the so called McCarthyism and the start of the Blacklist. The transcript gave us context on the how the situation began. "Eric Johnston Evidence to HUAC." Eric Johnston Evidence to HUAC. N.p., 4 Dec. 2004. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. <http://www.terramedia.co.uk/reference/documents/johnston_evidence_
to_huac.htm>. This transcript of Eric Johnston s testimony before the HUAC is a primary source. We pulled a quote from his testimony that reflected the fact that the HUAC did not hold rights of witnessed above their responsibilities to testify. "Hoover, Speech before the House Committee, Speech Text." Voices of Democracy. National Endowment for the Humanities, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/ hoover speech before the house committee speech text/>. This transcript of J. Edgar Hoover s speech before the HUAC is a secondary source. The quote we pulled from this speech, as well as the speech in its entirety, provided insight into Hoover s motives and reasons for purging the nation of Communism. His views reflected those of the general public, but his actions were considered extreme. "Jackie Robinson Before HUAC On Blacks & Communism (7/18/1949)." Jackie Robinson Before HUAC On Blacks & Communism (7/18/1949). N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2014. <http://www.authentichistory.com/1946 1960/8 civilrights/celebrity/19490718_jackie_robins on_before_huac.html>. This website gave us a voice recording of Jackie Robinson s testimony to HUAC where Robinson represented most of the African American population to counter Paul Robeson s words. We used this voice recording on the Controversy page of our website. "Jackie Robinson Testifies Before HUAC." Cold War Internal Security CWIS Collection. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://blog.ecu.edu/sites/cwis/2013/04/jackie robinsontestifies before huac/>. This website provided us with a quote from Jackie Robinson s testimony to HUAC. It showed
Robinson s importance as a political figure despite being a baseball player. It also showed the responsibility he had as an African American to counteract the words of the controversial Paul Robeson. Joan Myerson Shrager. AFI #24 Ol' Man River Show Boat 1936) Paul Robeson. Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 12 Sep. 2013. Web. 4 January 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgy1cthe1hg>. This video shows Paul Robeson performing. As a person who was very well known for acting, this video provides an example of what Robeson could do in music and theatre. We used this video on the Timeline page of our website. "Paul Robeson." Spotlight. ABC TV. ABC, 5 Nov. 1960. ABC Learn. ABC Education, 2010. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://abceducation.net.au/videolibrary/view/paul robeson 79>. This is an interview Paul Robeson did with Alan Manning. As a primary source, it helped us with understanding where Robeson stood on civil rights, a movement that he was largely a part of. Raymond Fisher. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Debate. Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 7 May 2011. Web. 4 January 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=h4pqlkwuwyu>. We wanted to look at the Civil Rights movement beyond Robeson, so we used this primary source video to watch the interaction between two of the most well known Civil Rights leaders: Martin Luther King and Malcom X. The video allowed us to see what similar or contrasting views they shared with Robeson and each other, and the possible impact Robeson may have had on them. Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television. New York:
Counterattack, 1950. Print. This book was published at the time of the blacklist. It detailed people in the entertainment industry classified as Communists. As a primary source, it helped us understand how far reaching the Red Scare was. Robeson, Paul. Here I Stand. Boston: Beacon, 1971. Print. This autobiography of Paul Robeson is a primary source. It provided us with insight into Robeson s personal life, which created a channel for us to study him more critically. We were able to understand better why he did what he did. Robeson, Paul. "To You Beloved Comrade." New World Review (1953): n. pag. Marxists.org. Marxists Internet Archive, 2008. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/biographies/1953/04/x01.htm>. This transcript of Robeson s tribute to Stalin is a primary source, even though it was on a website. It was evidence to us that Robeson had close ties to the Soviet Union, and it led us to question whether such relationships was helpful or harmful to his greater cause. Testimony of Paul Robeson. House Committee on Un American Activities. 12 June 1956. Paul Robeson Appears Before HUAC. George Mason University, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6440>. This transcript of Paul Robeson s testimony before the House Committee of Un American Activities is a primary source. It provided a wealth of information about why he was targeted by the HUAC. It was also critical to our examination of the conflict and controversy surrounding Robeson because it included his perspective. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Joseph McCarthy. 2011. FBI Records: The Vault.
Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://vault.fbi.gov/sen.%20joseph%20%28joe%29%20mccarthy/>. These FBI archived files on Joseph McCarthy are primary sources. McCarthy was very much responsible for McCarthyism, the accusations made against supposed Communists during the Cold War era. These files gave us more information on McCarthy and helped us put blacklisting in context. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. NAACP 2011. FBI Records: The Vault. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://vault.fbi.gov/naacp/>. This primary source provided us with information on NAACP, an organization that Paul Robeson had a complicated relationship with. These FBI files showed us that the association wasn t clear of accusations. The files gave us a better view about how the Civil Rights Movement and McCarthyism were so connected. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Paul Robeson, Sr. 2011. FBI Records: The Vault. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://vault.fbi.gov/paul%20robeson%2c%20sr./>. These FBI archived files are primary sources. They provided evidence as to why the FBI had reason to believe Robeson was a Communist. Viktor Korsakov. Paul Robeson Soviet Anthem (English). Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 8 May 2013. Web. 4 January 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0hugoldzqq>. This audio recording of Robeson s English version of the USSR national anthem is a primary source. It provided us with evidence that Robeson had Soviet sentiments and led us to question his right to record music against his responsibility to be a loyal American citizen. Secondary Sources
"Book Discussion on The Undiscovered Paul Robeson." BookTV. C SPAN. C SPAN, 9 Sept. 2001. C SPAN Video Library. C SPAN, 10 May 2001. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.c spanvideo.org/program/undi>. This recorded lecture from Paul Robeson, Jr. is a secondary source. We were able to glean a more personal account of Robeson s life, including his values, motives, and background from his son. "Charles Hamilton Houston." Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. <http://www.charleshamiltonhouston.org/charles hamilton houston/>. This is a secondary website about Charles Hamilton Houston, a lawyer for the NAACP. It provided a brief biography of his life and career. "Cold War." Cold War. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, n.d. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. <http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/cold war.cfm>. This website is a secondary source. It provided us with more information about the Cold War so that we could better understand the historical context of and reasoning behind the blacklist. "Cold War Museum, The." Cold War Museum. The Cold War Museum, n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://www.coldwar.org/index.asp>. This secondary source website gave us background information on the Cold War. It provided us with an understanding of the situation of the time, and why there was such anti Communist sentiment. "Digital Research & Publishing." The University of Iowa Libraries. N.p., May 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/drp/> This secondary source was a website that provided us with a headline of the ever important
Brown vs. Board of Education decision in the state of Iowa. Dorinson, Joseph. "Paul Robeson and Jackie Robinson: Athletes and Activists at Armageddon." Ojs.libraries.psu.edu. Pennsylvania State University, n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. This website provided us with an essay that contained a quote from Jackie Robinson that gave us insight into his re evaluation of Robeson s motives and how they were perceived. "English Definition of "McCarthyism" McCarthyism Noun. Cambridge University Press, 2013. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. <http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/british/ mccarthyism?q=mccarthyism>. We used the secondary source dictionary to find the definition of McCarthyism. We put it on our website in the section about Joseph McCarthy. Georgakas, Dan. "The Hollywood Blacklist." Encyclopedia of the American Left. Illinois: Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois, 1992. Encyclopedia of the American Left. University of Illinois Press, 2 Aug. 2004. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://www.writing.upenn.edu/ ~afilreis/50s/blacklist.html>. This article is a secondary source. It helped us gain background on the Hollywood blacklist, and how it affected different members of Hollywood. We were able to gain a better understanding of how hard it was for celebrities during that time, and how Paul Robeson must have been one of the hardest hit because of his race and actions. "History of Brown v. Board of Education." United States Courts. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. <http://www.uscourts.gov/educational resources/get involved/federal court activities/brown bo ard education re enactment/history.aspx> This secondary source gave us information on the Brown v. Board of Education court case. We
were able to see the growth of African American rights and how it impacted society. In addition, we used this source to help explain the background on our website. "House Un American Activities Committee." House Un American Activities Committee. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/huac.cfm>. This article on the House Committee on Un American Activities is a secondary source. It provided us with more background information of the HUAC, and using our knowledge of the circumstances and effects, we were able to place HUAC into a timeline of the Cold War era. "John Edgar Hoover." FBI. FBI, 17 Mar. 2010. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. <http://www.fbi.gov/about us/history/directors/hoover>. We used this secondary source website to find background information on J. Edgar Hoover. As head of the FBI, he had been a major force in spreading anti Communism ideas and thus McCarthyism and the Blacklist. As such, he impacted Robeson s career and reputation. "Lloyd Gaines." ACS. N.p., 14 July 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.acslaw.org/ acsblog/all/lloyd gaines>. This was an article dedicated to a key player in the Missouri vs. Canada court case in 1938. Lloyd Gaines provided the NAACP with a court case that had a strong chance of victory, and this was a stepping stone for the Brown vs. Board. Lubasch, Arnold H. "IN HARLEM WITH: Paul Robeson Jr.; Finding His Own Voice And Learning to Use It." The New York Times. The New York Times, 21 Oct. 1993. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/garden/in harlem with paul robeson jr finding his ownvoice and learning to use it.html>.
This article, as a secondary source, gave us insight on who Paul Robeson was as a person. By reading this interview with Robeson s son, Paul Robeson Jr., we were able to see the effect Robeson Sr. had on the people around him, and how his legacy has continued on to today s culture and politics. "Many Faces of Paul Robeson, The." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/robeson/>. This secondary source presented us with how truly impressive Paul Robeson was as a human being. He was very well educated and very athletic and would have been a great role model. "McCarthyism Hits the Department Short History Department History Office of the Historian." McCarthyism Hits the Department Short History Department History Office of the Historian. Office of the Historian, n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. <http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short history/mccarthy>. This secondary source provided information about J. Edgar Hoover. It told us what he did while he was head director of the FBI. "Paul Robeson: About the Actor." PBS. PBS, 26 Aug. 2006. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/paul robeson/about the actor/66/>. This article is a secondary source. It contained a brief biography of Robeson and helped educate us on Robeson as a person. "Paul Robeson Career Timeline." PBS. PBS, 26 Aug. 2006. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/paul robeson/career timeline/67/>. This timeline documenting major events in Robeson s life is a secondary source. We planned to
use it as a model for a timeline we would create for our website. In addition, it helped us visualize where Robeson s actions and life fell in the timeline of history. Scandalize My Name. Dir. Alexandria M. Isles. Starz Encore Entertainment, 1998. DVD. This documentary is a secondary source. It provided us with more information about the blacklisting of African American performers and included interviews with people such as Harry Belafonte and Frederick O Neal. It also helped us realize that many others were affected by the blacklist Paul Robeson was one figure caught up in a much bigger cause. "Seattle Times Martin Luther King Jr." The Seattle Times Martin Luther King Jr. The Seattle Times, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://seattletimes.com/special/mlk> This article was a secondary source about Martin Luther King Jr. s life. It gave us a brief biography of King. Stout, David. "A Supreme Triumph, Then Into the Shadows." The New York Times. N.p., 11 July 2009. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/12/us/12gaines.html?_r=0>. This website was about the life of Lloyd Gaines during his court case and before his mysterious disappearance. It documents all of his trials leading up to that point and highlights his ambivalence during his court case. "Supreme Court Historical Society Henry B. Brown." The Supreme Court Historical Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.supremecourthistory.org/ history of the court/associate justices/henry brown 1891 1906/>. This secondary source website was a very short biography of Henry Billings Brown, a Supreme Court Justice during the controversial Plessy vs. Ferguson court case. It gave us enough information about his reasons for making this statement.
"Teaching With Documents: The Many Faces of Paul Robeson." The Many Faces of Paul Robeson. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/robeson/>. This secondary source provided us with a biography of Robeson. We were able to gain insight on who he was and what he did. Tynes, Slava. "Skin Color Creates No Barrier To Africans In The Soviet Union." Abkhaz World. The Afro American, 30 Nov. 2011. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://www.abkhazworld.com/ aw/publications/archives/967 skin color creates no barrier afro american final 1973>. This website gave us an archived newspaper article during the 1970s. It showed us the lifestyle of Africans who lived in the Soviet Union. We were able to see how the rights in Russia differed from the rights in the United States during that time period. Wormser, Richard. "Booker T. Washington." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_booker.html>. This website, which was a secondary source, provided us with information on Booker T. Washington. We wanted to compare Robeson with other African American Civil Rights activists to compare and contrast their means of advocating, and Washington was one such activist. Wormser, Richard. "The Harlem Renaissance." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_harlem.html>. This secondary source gave us a background on the Harlem Renaissance. It showed us the opportunities that African American performers had during the early to mid 1900s and how African American rights were slowly rising. Wormser, Richard. "W.E.B. Du Bois." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_dubois.html>. This website, which was a secondary source, provided us with information on W.E.B. Du Bois, a well known African American Civil Rights activist. We researched him to look at Paul Robeson s connections with other African Americans of his day and the differences in how they protested. Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States: 1942 present. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2005. 407 42. Print. As a secondary source, this book helped give us a background of what it was like during the Cold War era. It showed us the societal influence that the Cold War had on the entirety of the United States, and gave us a look at the bitter relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States during this time.