This Is Your Brain On Music BIA-MA Brain Injury Conference March 30, 2017 Eve D. Montague, MSM, MT-BC
Eve D. Montague, MSM, MT-BC Board Certified Music Therapist 30+ years of experience Musician Director, Creative Arts Therapies @ South Shore Conservatory 2
Music Therapy Defined The clinical and evidenced-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program Established health profession Addresses physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals Research supports music therapy s effectiveness (American Music Therapy Association, 2017. www.musictherapy.org) 3
Music Defined The science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in temporal relationships to produce a composition having unity and continuity (Merriam-Webster) 4
Elements of Music Rhythm Dynamics Melody Harmony Tone Color Texture Form 5
Music Is Highly structured auditory language Involves complex perception, cognition, and motor control in the brain Can be used to retrain and reeducate the injured brain (Thaut, M., & McIntosh, G., How Music Helps to Heal the Injured Brain, (2010). 6
In Our Brain Music processing is widely distributed Auditory cortex Frontal lobe Temporal lobe and more No single music center in the brain Brain areas activated by music are not unique to music Networks that process music also process other functions Music learning changes the brain 7
Brain Areas Accessed and activated by music are brain areas that: Process language Auditory perception Attention Memory Executive control Motor control 8
Broca s Area Processes the sequencing of physical movement Tracks musical rhythms Converts thought into spoken word So, this area supports Appropriate timing sequencing, and knowledge of rules that are common and essential to MUSIC, SPEECH, and MOVEMENT 9
Neuroplasticity MUSIC LEARNING CHANGES THE BRAIN Brain changes in structure and function as a result of learning, training, and environmental influences Exposure and experience create new connections between neurons Brain can change on multiple levels, from individual synapses to entire cortical networks Hebbian theory Stegemoller, E. (2017). Exploring the mechanisms of music therapy. [Electronic Version]. The Scientist (March 2017 Issue). 10
This is Your Brain on Music Cochrane Review of 29 studies, 775 participants. Acquired Brain Injury Gait velocity, Stride length, General gait, Gait cadence Timing of upper extremity function Communication: naming, speech repetition Quality of life 11
Music Therapy as Treatment Neurologic Rehabilitation Cognitive function Physical function Communication function Socioemotional function 12
Music Therapy Population: ASD Goal areas: communication, movement, social, cognitive Population: Alzheimer s Goal areas: memory, social, mood Population: TBI & Movement disorders Goal areas: movement, communication, social, cognition 13
References Darrow, A.A. (ed.) (2008). Introduction to approaches in music therapy (2 nd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: AMTA Davis, W.B., Gfeller, K.E., & Thaut, M.H. (2008). An introduction to music therapy theory and practice (3 rd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: AMTA Levitin, D.J. (2013). Neural correlates of musical behaviors: A brief Music Therapy Perspectives, 31 (1), 15-24. overview. Magee, W.L. et al, (2011). Music therapy methods with children, adolescents, and adults with severe neurobehavioral disorders due brain injury. Music Therapy Perspectives, 29 (1), 5-13. to Magee, W.L., Clark, I., Tamplin, J., Bradt, J. Music interventions for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Stroke Group; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub3. 20 January, 2017. 14
References Patel, A. Exploring the impact of music on brain function, (2013). Retrieved electronically March 2, 2017 from National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health website: http:// videocast.nih.gov. Stegemoller, E. (2017). Exploring the mechanisms of music therapy. Version]. The Scientist (March 2017 Issue). [Electronic Thaut, M., & McIntosh, G., How Music Helps to Heal the Injured Brain, (2010). Retrieved electronically November 30, 2016 from the Dana Foundation website: http://dana.org/cerebrum/2010/ How_Music_Helps_to_Heal_the_Injur herapeutic_use_crescendos_thanks_to_advances_in_brain_sciences/ 15