FILM THEORY AND CRITICISM Introductory Readings FOURTH EDITION GERALD MAST MARSHALL COHEN LEO BRAUDY New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1992
CONTENTS I Film and Reality 3 SIEGFRIED KRACAUER From Theory of Film Basic Concepts, 9 SIEGFRIED KRACAUER From From Caligari to Hitler The Cabinet ofdr. Caligari, 21 The Myth of Total Cinema, 34 De Sica: Metteur-en-scene, 38 RUDOLF ARNHEIM From Film as Art The Complete Film, 48 V. F. PERKINS From Film as Film Form and Discipline, 52 MAYA DEREN Cinematography: The Creative Use of Reality, 59 STAN BRA KH AGE From Metaphors on Vision, 71
xiv CONTENTS COLIN MACCABE Theory and Film: Principles of Realism and Pleasure, 79 CHRISTINE GLEDHILL Recent Developments in Feminist Criticism, 93 II Film Language 115 VSEVOLOD PUDOVKIN From Film Technique [On Editing], 121 SERGEI EISENSTEIN From Film Form The Cinematographic Principle and the Ideogram, 127 A Dialectic Approach to Film Form, 138 The Evolution of the Language of Cinema, 155 CHRISTIAN METZ From Film Language Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 168 DANIEL DAYAN The Tutor-Code of Classical Cinema, 179 WILLIAM ROTHM AN Against "The System of the Suture," 192 KAJA SILVERMAN From The Subject of Semiotics [On Suture], 199 NICK BROWNE The Spectator-in-the-Text: The Rhetoric of Stagecoach, 210 III The Film Medium: Image and Sound 227 ERWIN PANOFSKY Style and Medium in the Motion Pictures, 233 SIEGFRIED KRACAUER From Theory of Film The Establishment of Physical Existence, 249 BELA BALÄZS From Theory of the Film The Close-up, 260 The Face of Man, 262
CONTENTS RUDOLF ARNHEIM From Film as Art Film and Reality, 268 The Making of a Film, 272 NOEL CARROLL From Philosophical Problems of Classical Film Theory The Specificity Thesis, 278 GERALD MAST From Film/Cinema/Movie Projection, 286 STANLEY CAVELL From The World Viewed Photograph and Screen, 291 Audience, Actor, and Star, 292 Types; Cycles as Genres, 294 Ideas of Origin, 299 JEAN-LOUIS BAUDR Y Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus, 302 CHRISTIAN METZ Aural Objects, 313 S. M. EISENSTEIN, V. I. PUDOVKIN, AND G. V. ALEXANDROV A Statement [On Sound], 317 JEAN-MARIE STRAUB and DANIELE HUILLET Direct Sound: An Interview, 320 JOHN BELTON Technology and Aesthetics of Film Sound, 323 CHARLES AFFRON From Cinema and Sentiment Voice and Space, 332 JOHN ELLIS From Visible Fictions Broadcast TV as Sound and Image, 341 IV Film, Theater, and Literature 351 HUGO MÜNSTERBERG From The Film: A Psychological Study The Means of the Photoplay, 355 SUSAN SONTAG Film and Theatre, 362
XVI CONTENTS Theater and Cinema, 375 LEO BRAUDY From The World in a Frame Acting: Stage vs. Screen, 387 SERGEI EISENSTEIN From Film Form Dickens, Griffith, and the Film Today, 395 SEYMOUR CHATMAN What Novels Can Do That Films Can't (and Vice Versa), 403 DUDLEY ANDREW From Concepts in Film Theory Adaptation, 420 V Film Genres 429 LEO BRAUDY From The World in a Frame Genre: The Conventions of Connection, 435 ROBERT WARSHOW Movie Chronicle: The Westerner, 45 3 JEAN-LOUP BOURGET Social Implications in the Hollywood Genres, 467 ROBIN WOOD Ideology, Genre, Auteur, 475 JANE FEUER The Self-Reflexive Musical and the Myth of Entertainment, 486 JOHN G. CAWELTl Chinatown and Generic Transformation in Recent American Films, 498 THOMAS ELSAESSER Tales of Sound and Fury: Observations on the Family Melodrama, 512 TANIA MODLESK1 Time and Desire in the Woman's Film, 536 BRUCE K.AWIN The Mummy's Pool, 549 LINDA WILLIAMS When the Woman Looks, 561
CONTENTS xvii VI The Film Artist 579 ANDREW SARRIS Notes on the Auteur Theory in 1962, 585 PETER WOLLEN From Signs and Meaning in the Cinema The Auteur Theory, 589 RICHARD CORLISS The Hollywood Screenwriter, 606 JOHN ELLIS From Visible Fictions Stars as a Cinematic Phenomenon, 614 RICHARD DYER From Stars, 622 ROLAND BARTHES The Face of Garbo, 628 MOLLY HASKELL From From Reverence to Rape Female Stars of the 1940s, 632 JOAN MELLEN From Women and Their Sexuality in the New Film The Mae West Nobody Knows, 646 THOMAS SCHATZ From The Genius of the System "The Whole Equation of Pictures," 654 VII Film: Psychology, Society, and Ideology 659 WALTER BENJAMIN The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, 665 JEAN-LUC COMOLLI and JEAN NARBONI Cinema/ Ideology/Criticism, 682 JEAN-LOUIS BAUDRY The Apparatus: Metapsychological Approaches to the Impression of Reality in Cinema, 690 NOEL CARROLL From Mystifying Movies Jean-Louis Baudry and "The Apparatus," 708
xviii CONTENTS PARKER TYLER From Magic and Myth of the Movies Preface, 725 CHRISTIAN METZ From The Imaginary Signifier Identification, Mirror, 730 The Passion for Perceiving, 741 LAURA MULVEY Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, 746 MARY ANN DOANE Film and the Masquerade: Theorising the Female Spectator, 758 GAYLYN STUDLAR Masochism and the Perverse Pleasures of the Cinema, 773 Bibliography, 791