CORE MODULES Ancient Epic (20 credits) CL2AE Autumn Term Dr Katherine Harloe Works to be studied may include the works of Homer and Virgil. Other possible topics are: the Near Eastern epic of Gilgamesh, the Epic Cycle and Homeric Hymns; the poetry of Hesiod, the Argonautica of Apollonius and Latin epyllion. The lectures will discuss some fundamental issues that affect the interpretation of ancient hexameter poetry, such as authorship, the nature and context of performance, intertextuality and cultural borrowing. Topics discussed may include, for example, heroic values, the role of the supernatural and the divine, the relationship between epic and the expression of Greek or Roman identity, the political dimension of Latin epic, and the reception of Classical epic in later cultures. Greek History: Archaic Age to Alexander (20 credits) CL2GH Professor Timothy Duff This module comprises a historical narrative, whose key elements may include the development of the city state, Archaic Athens, Archaic and Classical Sparta, the Persian Wars, the Peloponnesian War and the Athenian Empire, Athenian Democracy, the ascendancy of Thebes, the rise of Macedonia and the conquests of Alexander. Other possible topics of study are Greek politics and economics, cultural changes, inscriptions, and historiography. Themes and Issues in History (20 credits) CL2TIH Professor Phiroze Vasunia This module aims to provide an understanding, through analysis of wide-ranging examples, of historiography and how historical debate has progressed, and historical methodologies. Students will be expected to attend a course of lectures, organised around the topics of historiography and methodology, and given by historians who are active researchers. Armed with this foundation, and supported by relevant bibliographies and a dedicated website with links to selected source material and secondary literature, they will complete a piece of coursework independently. They will be supported in selecting and analysing relevant material, which will include both key debates amongst historians and the evidence drawn upon in those debates.
OPTIONAL MODULES Ancient World on Film (10 credits) CL2AF Dr Kim Shahabudin This module aims to introduce students to a selection of the ways the ancient world has been represented in cinema and to the techniques and contextual knowledge essential for the study of such films. Following an introduction to issues in the study of cineantiquity, we will consider how these work in practice in a selection of films representing three key narratives from antiquity: Cleopatra, Hercules and the Persian Wars. Seminars will facilitate more interactive discussion of theoretical frameworks, specific films, and their reception as re-presentations of the ancient world. Alcohol Consumption, Abuse and Addiction (10 credits) CL2AXX Professor Peter Kruschwitz This module aims to foster intellectual curiosity and to encourage student research, exploring a specific, clear-defined topic - alcohol consumption in the Ancient world, yet leaving room for the pursuit of specific research interests under that umbrella. Early Macedon (10 credits) CL2EM Dr Emma Aston This module investigates the history and society of Macedon from the reign of Alexander I in the early fifth century BC to the death of Philip II in the fourth. Alexander III of Macedon ( The Great ) is arguably the single most famous conqueror of the ancient world. But where did he come from? What customs, traditions and inherited practices shaped him? In this module, students will look a fascinating and often-neglected northern Greek society, one which provides a very different social and political model from the city-states of the south, and in so doing create a fuller understanding of the ancient world in all its variety. Greek Comedy (10 credits) CL2GC Dr David Carter The module provides a detailed study of Greek comedy, and of important themes in scholarship. The module traces the origins of Attic old comedy and its development into new comedy in the fourth century BC. Detailed reference will be made to specific plays. By the end of the module it is expected that students will be able to: show detailed knowledge and appreciation of some of the surviving plays demonstrate a critical awareness of the development of the genre have some command of important trends in modern scholarship on the subject complement the evidence and arguments presented in the lectures with additional information assembled by their own research articulate their arguments effectively and illustrate them with relevant evidence
Greek Religion (10 credits) CL2GRE Dr Emma Aston This module explores the religious practices and beliefs of the ancient Greeks, with particular focus on the Classical Period. Religion shaped ancient societies, and has left its mark on the literature and art surviving from classical antiquity. This module is primarily concerned with ritual activity, with customs and practices by which the Greeks honoured, propitiated and communicated with their gods. By the end of the module it is expected that the student will be able to: show knowledge and understanding of important cult sites and types examine the ancient evidence available and evaluate its limitations think critically about modern theories concerning Greek religion marshal relevant materials and articulate arguments effectively in writing. My Mother s Sins and other Stories (10 credits) CL2MSI Dr Dimitra Tzanidaki Since its emergence in 1821 the Modern Greek State has had a dramatic history with rapid political, economic and social change but also an unprecedented output of creative literature of all kinds. This course introduces the work of some of the most important Greek writers since the late 19th century. Greek novelists and poets exploiting Greek language and culture in all their age-long richness as well as being often influenced by other European literary movements have, in these last two centuries, created a national literature which has, through translation, gained its distinct place in a European and global context. The course begins with the collected stories of Vizyinos. A survey of Cavafy's collected poems follows as well as some selected poems from the 1930s generation (Seferis' Mythistorima, Ritsos' Moonlight Sonata, some poems from the large oeuvre of Elytis). Pompeii and the Pompeians (10 credits) CL2POM Professor Peter Kruschwitz This module aims to introduce students to the principles, methods, and applications of Latin epigraphy, using the example of Pompeii as a vehicle for that. It will thus foster a critical and analytical approach to the interpretation of the ancient world in all its ramifications based on a particular and peculiar type of evidence.
CORE MODULES Ancient Drama (20 credits) CL2DR Spring Term Professor Barbara Goff Topics covered in this module may include the ritual and political context of ancient drama, the relationship between drama and the epic and lyric tradition, and the use of Greek models by writers of Latin tragedy. Ancient dramas to be discussed will be drawn from the works of such authors as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Seneca, Plautus and Terence. The interpretation of different plays is used to highlight different methodological approaches to the texts. Ancient Persuasion (20 credits) CL2PE Professor Peter Kruschwitz This module has at its heart works of rhetoric such as the epideictic speeches of Gorgias and the legal and political speeches of Demosthenes and Cicero; however, it also assesses the role of persuasion in ancient literature more widely, as well as examining what the ancients themselves thought and said about the power of language to move audiences and to affect decision-making processes. Roman History: From Republic to Empire (20 credits) CL2RO Dr Annalisa Marzano This module treats key historical phases of Roman history spanning form the late 1st c. BC to the late 2nd c. AD. Topics examined will include political, social, cultural and economic history, such as the social structure, the political relationship between emperor and senate, the aims of the building programmes promoted by emperors in the capital and across the empire, the role of the army in the Romanization process. Throughout, the emphasis will be on the historiography of the period and close reading of key primary sources, so that students are encouraged to acquire the skills central to the study of antiquity. OPTIONAL MODULES Greek Sculpture (10 credits) CL2GSC Dr Amy Smith The sculptures that decorated private and public spaces in the ancient world are among the most enduring legacies of ancient civilizations. This course will treat the range of sculpture produced in the Greek world from the Dark Ages to the end of the Hellenistic period. It will follow a chronological format, beginning with the earliest sculpture and its precedents and trace its on-going development. It will examine sculpture in the round as well as relief. Primary attention will be given to the variety of purposes this sculpture served in ancient cities. These art works will be examined from the viewpoints of the ancient craftsmen as well as consumers. How does their form material and iconography reflect their function? How did ancient viewers regard this sculpture, and what was its
importance in their daily lives? Where and when did certain images have prominence and why? Technique and style is also assessed, with attention given to the "development" of sculptural style through distinct historical periods, and the ways in which modern scholars and connoisseurs have established stylistic criteria. Attention will also be given to ancient literary sources and their value for interpreting these images. Greek-English Translation (10 Credits) CL2GTR Dr Arietta Papaconstantinou The module will introduce students to the specific issues and difficulties of translation from Greek into English, and to the general notions and principles of translation technique. The module will focus on translation of a diverse set of texts from different periods and contexts, so as to develop ease of approach to the characteristics of different genres. It will also insist heavily on the production of a polished translation in English that can convey as much as possible the style, register, and mood of the original. Introduction to Late Antiquity (10 credits) CL2LA Dr Arietta Papaconstantinou The module treats some key topics in the history and historiography of Late Antiquity (ca 300-750), including its definition and status as a historical subject. It will cover the social, economic, political, religious and cultural spheres and will highlight the regional diversity of the Empire. It will study the transformations linked to the move of the capital to Constantinople and to the gradual adoption of Christianity as a state religion, and at the other end those linked to the fall of Rome in the fifth century and of the eastern provinces in the seventh. Attention will be paid to neighbouring peoples and polities, in particular Arabia and the rise of Islam. Roman Love Poetry (10 credits) CL2LV Dr Gill Knight This module aims to introduce students to the dominant themes and concerns of Roman love poetry with a view to establishing its norms and tracing its development over the course of the first century BC. The module will study the love poetry of Catullus, Propertius, Tibullus and Ovid. Plato on Love & Language (10 credits) CL2PLL Professor Phiroze Vasunia Ancient Greek theories of love and language were very different from our own. This module aims to explore conceptions of love and language in the work of a major ancient thinker. It examines Plato s views on love, on language, and on the relationship between love and language. The major dialogues to be considered are Phaedrus and Symposium. The module will also examine influential later interpretations of Plato and will examine how these have shaped our understanding of Plato s ideas.
Roman Epic (10 credits) CL2REP Dr Gill Knight The course will introduce students to two important works of ancient literature: the Metamorphoses of Ovid, and the post-augustan Civil War of Lucan, and through these will examine the development of epic in the Roman period. Some introductory attention will also be given to Virgil s Aeneid. It will look at the relationship between these works and the political and cultural climates within which they were produced. In particular, it will focus on the interplay between fact and fiction, on narrative strategies and on the potential for subversion provided by the presence of intertextual allusion. Sexuality and Gender in the Ancient World (10 credits) CL2SG Professor Barbara Goff This module examines ancient constructions of sexuality and gender and introduces students to modern controversies surrounding them. Lecture and discussion of key ancient texts such as Hesiod, lyric poetry, courtroom speeches, comedy, Latin love poetry, satire, the ancient novel, and visual sources such as statues, vases, and wall paintings. Song Culture Greek Song (10 credits) CL2SO Professor Ian Rutherford Song played a major part in early Greek society, politics and religion. The aim of this module is to examine the evidence of the major poets (which are to a large extent preserved only in fragments), and to set them in the context of contemporary society and history. Key areas covered will be colonisation, rites of passage, the symposium and gender (e.g. the Lesbian lyrics of Sappho). Summer Term Preparation for Dissertation in Classics (10 credits) CL3DP Professor Phiroze Vasunia Students will prepare for their dissertation by completing a series of workshops and an assessed proposal, which will include an annotated bibliography. Students will attend a series of workshops on research skills, and will submit a dissertation proposal of 500 words, and an annotated bibliography of 5-10 items, by the end of the summer term preceding Part 3.
Ancient Biography (20 credits) CL3AB Autumn Term Professor Timothy Duff This module aims to introduce students to the genres of ancient biographical writing from its beginnings to its developed form as seen in Plutarch, and to teach students to evaluate biographical texts relating to Pericles, Alcibiades, Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar. Alexander to Cleopatra: History & Culture of the Hellenistic World (20 credits) CL3HW This module aims to allow students to gain an understanding of the history of the Hellenistic eastern Mediterranean, from Alexander s conquests, to the rise of Rome and to explore questions of cultural interaction and ethnic identity in the Hellenistic world. Independent Third Year Project (20 credits) CL3IP Professor Phiroze Vasunia An alternative to the traditional dissertation, which is geared to developing the skills of students with a learning disability. Late Latin Poetry (20 credits) CL3LLP Dr Gill Knight This module aims to introduce students to a range of late Latin poets, from a variety of genres, including the works of Prudentius, Ausonius, Claudian and Sidonius. The module will consider these works within their religious, political and cultural contexts and to consider these works in relation to the classical tradition and genre development. The module will introduce methods of reading and interpretation of the late antique poetic text. Magic in Antiquity (20 credits) CL3MG Dr Nick West This module aims to introduce students to the sources for the study of magical practices
and beliefs in the ancient world. Egyptian, Greek, Roman and (whenever possible) Chinese sources and artefacts will be studied. Roman Cities (20 credits) CL3RC Dr Matthew Nicholls This module will examine urban landscapes, civic life, and settlement in the Roman empire. It will be organized thematically and will look at similarity and difference across the expanse of the empire, and at what these might mean. One of the challenges of this subject is the combination of types of evidence at our disposal: literary and epigraphic sources need to be considered with different types of architectural and archaeological material. Topics of study will include the architecture and monuments of the cities, their relationships with the imperial power of Rome, their cultural lives, and their economic roles. Digital Silchester (runs over two terms Autumn and Spring) (20 credits) CL3SIL Dr Matthew Nicholls This module aims to give students an understanding of the history and archaeology of the Roman town of Silchester. By the end of the module it is expected that the student will be able to understand the layout of Silchester, its development over time, the appearance and function of its principal buildings, and the means of creating digital reconstructions of at least some of these, marshalling the various sorts of available evidence and coming up with credible and useful digital content. Technology in the Ancient World (20 credits) CL3TE Dr Annalisa Marzano This module will examine the nature of ancient technological knowledge and the practical applications which affected everyday life. Examples span from technology applied to food production to ensuring an effective water delivery system for Roman baths. The module will be organized thematically; discussion of the Hellenistic period and the studies carried out at the Museum of Alexandria will be important, although not all the discoveries (such as steam power) found practical applications in antiquity. One of the challenges of this topic is that it requires the combination of literary sources (which are not really systematic on this topic) with the study of archaeological finds and the results of the analysis of the archaeological sciences. Topics of study will include mining technology, pottery production, engineering, and modes of transmission of technical knowledge. Transformations of Helen (20 credits) CL3TH Professor Barbara Goff This module aims to familiarise students with different versions of Helen of Troy and to examine some of the literary and theoretical debates that this figure has generated. Participants on the module will read excerpts from a variety of texts which investigate the figure of Helen of Troy. Texts will include Homer, tragedy, philosophy, Vergil, Ovid, and modern plays and poems.
Spring Term Ancient Egyptian Language and Hieroglyphs (20 credits) CL3AEL This module aims to teach students some elements of the Ancient Egyptian language and give them skills to read Egyptian, in the hieroglyphic script, at an elementary level. The course will proceed by instruction in grammar and the Egyptian hieroglyphic script, and practice in translation. The textbook used will be Hieroglyphic Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Literature of the Middle Kingdom (D. Selden, University of California Press 2013). Greek and Roman Painting (20 credits) CL3AP Dr Amy Smith This module treats the range of paintings produced in the Greek and Roman worlds from the Geometric period to the Palaeo-Christian era, ca. 1000 B.C. to ca. A.D. 330. We will examine paintings as means of decoration, religious manifestation, propaganda and bearers of political messages, and otherwise. We will consider the audience for each of these art works--whether they were on public display or belonged in private contexts, such as homes, and recognize the contribution of craftsmen, patrons, as well as consumers and other viewers. How did the ancients regard painting vis-à-vis the other arts, and how important was it in their daily lives? Particular attention will be paid to the development and revival of certain painting styles through distinct historical periods, and the ways in which modern scholars and connoisseurs have contributed to the understanding of stylistic phenomena. Carthage The Rise and Fall (20 credits) CL3CTH Gillian MacDonald This module studies the history and archaeology of the city of Carthage from its Phoenician foundation in the 9th century BCE through to the end of Punic Carthage in 146 BCE. Current areas of research related to Punic Carthage including the rise of the Phoenicians in the Western Mediterranean, comparative colonization between Greeks and Phoenicians, Punic identity, the rise of a Carthaginian Empire, and the conflict and contact between Carthage and Rome will be studied. Classics and Critical Theory (20 credits) CL3CR Professor Phiroze Vasunia The best classical scholars are self-conscious about the theories that they bring to the process of reading and interpretation. In this module, students will be introduced to major approaches and theorists and helped to develop a theoretically informed engagement with ancient sources. The major to be covered include structuralism, deconstruction, psychoanalysis, feminist studies, Marxism, and post-colonialism. The module will consider how these approaches have developed in relation to fields such as literary studies, philosophy, and sociology as well as classics. It will also examine the historical reasons for the development of different critical theories and explore
relevance of these theories to the analysis of ancient materials. Dissertation (30 credits) CL3DN Professor Phiroze Vasunia This dissertation should allow for in-depth research, explication, and documentation of a topic. Its result should be a piece of original research or, possibly, an original artistic production. Students write one dissertation of no more than 10,000 words, give one oral presentation of no more than 10 minutes, followed by questions, and attend a 15- minute viva voce examination on a draft of their work. Workshops are provided, which address the development of the topic, finding research materials, and skills of oral and written presentation. Late Antique Egypt (20 credits) CL3LAE Dr Arietta Papaconstantinou This module studies the transformation of Egypt over four centuries, from being a province of the Roman Empire to being a province of the Caliphate, and makes intensive use of the invaluable source material represented by the papyri for the study of social history. The module will cover the social, economic, political, religious and cultural history of Egypt from the fourth to the eighth century, following the country through two important transformations, Early to Late Empire, and Late Empire to Caliphate. At the same time, it will address a number of key methodological issues such as long-term regional history, rhythms and modes of historical change, tension between central and local. A technical introduction to the sources and their proper use will be provided. The Greeks in the Natural World (20 credits) CL3NW Dr Emma Aston This module aims to equip participants with an understanding of the contribution of the natural world to the social, economic, political, religious and cultural lives of the Classical Greeks. Topics this module will cover include: Agrarian realities and ideologies Nature and the regulation of time Animal husbandry, wealth and status Land ownership and politics The economics of exploitation The natural world in myth and cult The aesthetics of nature and the birth of the Pastoral Plato, Philosophy & the City (20 credits) CL3PLA Dr Katherin Harloe POLITEIA ( Republic ) is one of the longest and most famous of Plato s dialogues. In it, Socrates responds to the challenge of Plato s own brothers, Glaucon and Adeimantus, to answer the question Why should one be just? with a wide-ranging argument than encompasses such diverse topics as the optimal division of labour in society, relations between men and woman, the difference between knowledge and belief, good and bad
forms of government, the Theory of Forms and the structure of the soul. For this module we will read the entire dialogue in translation, considering its literary structure, the main ethical and political doctrines advanced by Socrates, and modern debates over their interpretation. Other Platonic dialogues will be introduced where they bear on relevant themes. We will not consider Plato's metaphysics and epistemology in detail. Digital Silchester (20 credits) CL3SIL Dr Matthew Nicholls This module, taught over two terms, will introduce students to the Roman city of Silchester, its archaeology, development, historical significance, and function. After developing the necessary software skills through class work and independent study, students will produce a digital model of one or more elements of the ancient townscape for their assessed work. Additionally Archaeology & Topography of Ancient Greece CL3BSA Professor Timothy Duff This module is offered in conjunction with the British School at Athens. It is open only to those who have secured a place on the summer school by separate application to the appropriate British School (see web for details and deadlines). This module consists of an intensive introduction to Prehistoric, Classical, Roman, and Byzantine Greece, with specialist lectures, guided site visits (often by those responsible for site excavation) and opportunities to gain first-hand experience of objects and monuments not accessible to the individual traveller, and to undertake projects of own (approved) choice. British School at Rome. Undergraduates Summer School CL3BSR Dr Matthew Nicholls This module is offered in conjunction with the British School at Rome. It is open only to those who have secured a place on the summer school by separate application to the appropriate British School (see web for details and deadlines) This module consists of the BSR s undergraduate summer school, currently taught in Rome by Dr Robert Coates-Stevens. The residential course provides an intensive introduction to the topography, archaeology, architecture, and ancient history of Rome. It includes a programme of guided site visits (often by those responsible for site excavation) and opportunities to gain first-hand experience of objects and monuments not accessible to the individual traveller, and to undertake written projects of the student s own (approved) choice.
The Language Modules run over two terms - Autumn and Spring Ancient Greek 1 (20 credits) CL1G1 This module is designed for those at any level (C I or H) who have not learned any Ancient Greek previously. It assumes no knowledge of the language. This module aims to teach students some elements of the Ancient Greek language and give them skills to read Ancient Greek at an elementary level. The course will proceed by instruction in grammar and practice in translation. The text used may be Reading Greek or Athenaze. We aim to cover 1-8 of Reading Greek or 1-12 of Athenaze. Latin 1 (20 credits) CL1L1 This module is designed for those students, at any level (C, I or H) who not studied Latin previously. It assumes no knowledge of Latin This module aims to teach students some elements of the Latin language and give them skills to read Latin at an elementary level. The course will proceed by instruction in grammar and practice in translation The text used is Reading Latin (P. Jones and K. Sidwell, CUP). We aim to cover 1A-3D. Ancient Greek 2 (20 credits) CL2G2 This module is designed for those students, at any level (C, I or H) who enter with GCSE Ancient Greek or equivalent, or who have completed Ancient Greek 1 or equivalent The module aims to introduce students to reading Ancient Greek authors in the original, and to develop further knowledge of grammar, syntax and vocabulary. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. The module is conducted in seminars encouraging participation by students in translation and discussion. The first term will be devoted to completing study of grammar and syntax, and in the second term texts read may include a simple Attic or koine prose text eg Xenophon, Chariton, Apollodorus or selections from the JACT Greek Anthology. At least one hour per week will be devoted to review of grammar and syntax.
Ancient Greek 3 (20 credits) CL2G3 This module is designed for those students at any level (C I or H) who enter with A level Ancient Greek or equivalent, or who have completed Ancient Greek 2 or equivalent. The module aims to enable students to read Ancient Greek authors with some fluency, and to develop a sound competence in grammar, syntax and vocabulary. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. Latin 2 (20 credits) CL2L2 This module is designed for those students, at any level (C, I or H) who enter with GCSE Latin or equivalent, or who have completed Latin 1 or equivalent. The module aims to introduce students to reading Latin authors in the original, and to develop further knowledge of grammar, syntax and vocabulary. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. The module is conducted in seminars encouraging participation by students in translation and discussion. The first term will be devoted to completing study of grammar and syntax, and in the second term texts read may include selections from Pliny's letters, Caesar or Catullus. At least one hour per week will be devoted to review of grammar and syntax. Latin 3 (20 credits) CL2L3 This module is designed for those students at any level (C, I or H) who enter with A level Latin or equivalent, or have completed Latin 2 or equivalent. The module aims to enable students to read Latin authors with some fluency, and to develop a sound competence in grammar, syntax and vocabulary. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. Ancient Greek 4 (20 credits) CL3G4 This module is designed for those students at any level (C I or H) who have completed Ancient Greek 3 or equivalent. The module aims to enable students to improve their skills in reading a range of Ancient Greek authors in different dialects and with greater fluency, and to develop advanced knowledge of grammar, syntax and vocabulary. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. Students will also practise unseen translation. Texts read may include Homer, Sophocles, Herodotus, Plutarch, Plato.
Ancient Greek 5 (20 credits) CL3G5 This module is designed for those students at any level (C I or H)l who have completed Ancient Greek 4 or equivalent. The module aims to enable students to improve their skills in reading a range of Ancient Greek authors with fluency, and to develop appreciation of Greek dialects and of literary style. Students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. Students will also practise unseen translation. Texts read may include Pindar, Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Hellenistic poetry. Ancient Greek 6 (20 credits) CL3G6 This module is for Part 3 undergraduate and taught postgraduate students who have completed Ancient Greek 5 in this university or studied Greek to degree level at another university The module aims, through independent study, to develop professional skills of analysis and criticism in respect of literary texts, studied in the original Greek. Students will gain a thorough understanding of the texts studied, of their historical and cultural context, and of the modern scholarly context. A high level of competence in reading Greek is presupposed. Latin 4 (20 credits) CL3L4 This module is designed for those students at any level (C, I or H) who have completed Latin 3 or equivalent. The module aims to enable students to improve their skills in a range of Latin authors with greater fluency, and to develop advanced knowledge of grammar, syntax and vocabulary. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. Students will also practise unseen translation. Texts read may include Petronius, Terence, Horace and Martial. Latin 5 (20 credits) CL3L5 This module is designed for those students at any level (C, I or H) who have completed Latin 4 or equivalent. The module aims to enable students to improve their skills in reading a range of Latin authors with fluency, and to develop appreciation of literary style. In addition, students will gain practice in the analysis of the literary texts studied. Students will also practise unseen translation. Texts read may include Tacitus, Juvenal and Apuleius. Latin 6 (20 credits) (20 credits) CL3L6 This module is for Part 3 undergraduate and taught postgraduate students who have completed Latin 5 in this university or studied Latin to degree level at another university The module aims to develop professional skills of analysis and criticism in respect of literary texts, studied in the original Latin. Students will gain a thorough understanding of the texts studied, of their historical and cultural context, and of the modern scholarly context. A high level of competence in reading Latin is presupposed.