G.F.W. HEGEL IF FOR DESCARTES, ONLY THOUGHT CAN PROVE EXISTENCE AND ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE...

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Transcription:

G.F.W. HEGEL

G.F.W. HEGEL

G.F.W. HEGEL IF FOR DESCARTES, ONLY THOUGHT CAN PROVE EXISTENCE AND ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE...

IF FOR DESCARTES, ONLY THOUGHT CAN PROVE EXISTENCE AND ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE... AND IF FOR KANT, HUMANS CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND THE WORLD INASMUCH AS THEY CAN REPRESENT IT RATIONALLY THROUGH THEIR COGNITIVE APPARATUSES (IN THE MIND)... G.F.W. HEGEL

IF FOR DESCARTES, ONLY THOUGHT CAN PROVE EXISTENCE AND ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE... AND IF FOR KANT, HUMANS CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND THE WORLD INASMUCH AS THEY CAN REPRESENT IT RATIONALLY THROUGH THEIR COGNITIVE APPARATUSES (IN THE MIND)... FOR HEGEL, THE WORLD ITSELF IS RATIONAL; I.E. IT HAS AND INHERENT RATIONALITY THAT CONSTITUTES THINGS THEMSELVES. G.F.W. HEGEL

IF FOR DESCARTES, ONLY THOUGHT CAN PROVE EXISTENCE AND ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE... AND IF FOR KANT, HUMANS CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND THE WORLD INASMUCH AS THEY CAN REPRESENT IT RATIONALLY THROUGH THEIR COGNITIVE APPARATUSES (IN THE MIND)... FOR HEGEL, THE WORLD ITSELF IS RATIONAL; I.E. IT HAS AND INHERENT RATIONALITY THAT CONSTITUTES THINGS THEMSELVES. G.F.W. HEGEL THIS IS CALLED OBJECTIVE IDEALISM;THE IDEA THAT THE WORLD IS CONCIOUS AND RATIONAL WHETHER OR NOT HUMANS EXIST. THE WORLD IS GOD AND HISTORY ITSELF IS HIS WILL.

HERE S WHAT THIS MEANS...

HERE S WHAT THIS MEANS... IT MEANS THAT HISTORY, IN ALL ITS CONTRADICTIONS, IN ALL ITS UPS AND DOWNS, IN ALL ITS POLITICAL CONFLICTS AND RELIGIOUS TENSIONS, ULTIMATELY HAS AN END GAME; IT UNFOLDS ALONG A DIAGONAL LINE (FORWARD AND UPWARD) WITH AN ULTIMATE PURPOSE.

HERE S WHAT THIS MEANS... IT MEANS THAT HISTORY, IN ALL ITS CONTRADICTIONS, IN ALL ITS UPS AND DOWNS, IN ALL ITS POLITICAL CONFLICTS AND RELIGIOUS TENSIONS, ULTIMATELY HAS AN END GAME; IT UNFOLDS ALONG A DIAGONAL LINE (FORWARD AND UPWARD) WITH AN ULTIMATE PURPOSE. IT MEANS THAT HISTORY IS NOT ACCIDENTAL; IT IS NOT DETERMINED EXCLUSIVELY BY HUMAN DECISIONS (POLITICALLY AND/OR INDIVIDUALLY) BASED ON MATHEMATICAL AND SCIENTIFIC CERTAINTY (AN UNORDERLY AGGREGATION OF EVENTS ONE AFTER ANOTHER). EVEN THOUGH HUMANS CAN THINK FOR THEMSELVES, EVERY DECISION THEY MAKE AND EVERY RESULTING EVENT IS PART OF THIS ULTIMATE (GLOBAL) PURPOSE.

DOES ARCHITECTURE MAKE HISTORY? OR IS ARCHITECTURE CONDITIONED BY HISTORY?

DOES ARCHITECTURE MAKE HISTORY? OR IS ARCHITECTURE CONDITIONED BY HISTORY? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CONTEXT?

DOES ARCHITECTURE MAKE HISTORY? OR IS ARCHITECTURE CONDITIONED BY HISTORY? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CONTEXT? WHAT CONTEXT(S) SHOULD ARCHITECTURE BE UNDERSTOOD AGAINST?

DOES ARCHITECTURE MAKE HISTORY? OR IS ARCHITECTURE CONDITIONED BY HISTORY? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CONTEXT? WHAT CONTEXT(S) SHOULD ARCHITECTURE BE UNDERSTOOD AGAINST? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PLACE AND IDENTITY IN ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE AND PRODUCTION?

IF THE ENLIGHTENMENT (GROUNDED IN MATH AND SCIENCE) WAS CONCERNED WITH UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS BASED ON INDIVIDUAL THINKING ABILITIES...

IF THE ENLIGHTENMENT (GROUNDED IN MATH AND SCIENCE) WAS CONCERNED WITH UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS BASED ON INDIVIDUAL THINKING ABILITIES... ROMANTICISM (GROUNDED IN ART AND LETTERS) REJECTED UNIVERSALITY IN FAVOR OF CULTURAL SPECIFICITY.

MODERN(IST) ARCHITECTURE UNFOLDED IN TENSION BETWEEN THE RATIONAL AND THE ROMANTIC.

ZEITGEIST: SPIRIT OF THE TIME

G.F.W. HEGEL No man can surpass his own time, for the spirit of his time is also his spirit.

BUT WAIT!

IF THERE IS ONLY ONE LINE OF GLOBAL HISTORY WITHIN A WORLD OF PARTICULARS (CULTURES, RACES, POLITICAL SYSTEMS, ETC)...

WITH A PARTICULAR END GAME (A GRAND NARRATIVE OR PURPOSE)...

AND IF THAT END GAME IS ULTIMATELY GOOD (IT S NATURAL AND/OR GODLY, RIGHT?)...

THEN WHAT ABOUT ALL OF THOSE CONTRADICTIONS?

REMEMBER THIS GUY?

HEGEL S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT WAS TO OFFER A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE WORLD (A THEORY OF HISTORY) THROUGH DIALECTICS.

HEGEL S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT WAS TO OFFER A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE WORLD (A THEORY OF HISTORY) THROUGH DIALECTICS. 1. THE WORLD IS UNDERSTOOD AS CONCEPTS BY HUMANS (KANT TAUGHT US THAT).

HEGEL S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT WAS TO OFFER A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE WORLD (A THEORY OF HISTORY) THROUGH DIALECTICS. 1. THE WORLD IS UNDERSTOOD AS CONCEPTS BY HUMANS (KANT TAUGHT US THAT). 2. THE WORLD (GOD / NATURE) ALSO REASONS FOR ITSELF RATIONALLY; IT PRODUCES CONCEPTS THROUGH GOD S THINKING.

HEGEL S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT WAS TO OFFER A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE WORLD (A THEORY OF HISTORY) THROUGH DIALECTICS. 1. THE WORLD IS UNDERSTOOD AS CONCEPTS BY HUMANS (KANT TAUGHT US THAT). 2. THE WORLD (GOD / NATURE) ALSO REASONS FOR ITSELF RATIONALLY; IT PRODUCES CONCEPTS THROUGH GOD S THINKING. NOTE: ALL CONCEPTS ARE LOGICAL.

HEGEL S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT WAS TO OFFER A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE WORLD (A THEORY OF HISTORY) THROUGH DIALECTICS. 1. THE WORLD IS UNDERSTOOD AS CONCEPTS BY HUMANS (KANT TAUGHT US THAT). 2. THE WORLD (GOD / NATURE) ALSO REASONS FOR ITSELF RATIONALLY; IT PRODUCES CONCEPTS THROUGH GOD S THINKING. NOTE: ALL CONCEPTS ARE LOGICAL. NOTE: ALL CONCEPTS ARE LOGICAL. AND ALL CONCEPTS ABOUT THE WORLD INCLUDE BOTH HUMAN AND GODLY THINKING.

HEGEL S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT WAS TO OFFER A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE WORLD (A THEORY OF HISTORY) THROUGH DIALECTICS. 1. THE WORLD IS UNDERSTOOD AS CONCEPTS BY HUMANS (KANT TAUGHT US THAT). 2. THE WORLD (GOD / NATURE) ALSO REASONS FOR ITSELF RATIONALLY; IT PRODUCES CONCEPTS THROUGH GOD S THINKING. NOTE: ALL CONCEPTS ARE LOGICAL. AND ALL CONCEPTS ABOUT THE WORLD INCLUDE BOTH HUMAN AND GODLY THINKING. FOR HEGEL, EVERY CONCEPT (OR PARADIGM) ALSO CONTAINS ITS OPPOSITE (HUMAN VS. GOD, GOOD VS. BAD, LEFT VS. RIGHT, ETC.) AND MUST BE RESOLVED THROUGH A HIGHER SYNTHESIS. HENCE EVERY CONCEPT IS IN A STATE OF BECOMING AND EVERY CONCEPT (OR PARADIGM) BOTH PRESERVES AND NEGATES EARLIER (HISTORICAL) CONCEPTS.

SOME ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES

SUBVERTING THE PARADIGM: THE PARTHENON (HIGH CULTURE)

SUBVERTING THE PARADIGM: THE VILLA ROTUNDA (HIGH CULTURE)

+ VERNACULAR HIGH CULTURE

VILLA SCHWOB, 1916

TUGENDHAT, 1928-30

SUBVERTING THE PARADIGM: HOUSE (LOW CULTURE)

VANNA VENTURI HOUSE, 1960

VANNA VENTURI HOUSE, 1960

VANNA VENTURI HOUSE, 1960 ESHERICK HOUSE, 1959

MAISON RUDIN, HERZOG AND DE MEURON, 1997

+ MONOPOLY HOUSE VILLA SAVOYE

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