SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO S NOVEL BRIDA A THESIS BY: DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN Reg. No. 100705103 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 1
SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO S NOVEL BRIDA A THESIS BY DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN REG. NUMBER: 100705103 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum NIP.195110131976031001 NIP. 195706261983032001 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From Department English. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 vi
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D NIP. 19541117198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 vii
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on October 18 th, 2016 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M.Ed.TESOL viii
AUTHOR S DECLARATION I, DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : October 18 th, 2016 v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : DANIEL RAYMOND WAL PARULIAN SIAHAAN TITLE OF THESIS : SUBORDINATIONS IN PAULO COELHO S NOVEL BRIDA QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : October 18 th, 2016 vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The first time, I would like to thank Him, The Great Architect, for every single thing in my life. For everything, My Lord. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A and my co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum, for their willingness in sharing times and patience in guiding, correcting, and supervising this thesis. Further, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to Dr.Budi Agustono, M.S as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies USU, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S as the Head of English Department, Sir Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. PhD as the Secretary of English Department, and Kak Tika. Thank you for all ofthose helps. Wish you good days to live, always. And I really want to say my deepest gratitude for my entire family,without exception, who impatiently wait for my graduation. Sorry for everything Mom, Dad. For my brothers and sisters in Clarabelle Choir, my big brother Isa, Ernest, Horas, thank you for those sweet chances, times, and experiences. I can not be like this without all of you. Thank you so much, really! For my classmates and comrades that I can not mention one by one, I will be missing all of you, really. My little brothers, Daniel, Haverius, Aldi, Erik, Dedhad, Anggi, Ibet, Raja who really helped me a lot in doing this thesis, thanks a lot! Another little sisters and brothers of mine, Daud, Dame and friends, Daniel, Husnul, Seno, Anmar, Teguh, Kevin, Dwi, all of you, thank you very much for these laughs! This place will be more lonely without you guys, Thank you! For Omi. Thank you so much.thank you for those sweet memories, chances, everything, that we had spent together. Thank you for waiting. Sorry, for I can not be as good as you expected me to be. Keep smiling and being cheerful always, Omi. Maybe we will not see each other again. I will miss you so... For my seniors that I loved, Petra, Chyma, Mora, Devi, thank you for those sweet scenes and journeys. That was fun, really. Jemario and Robby, Alvin, whom I consider as my own family, thank you very much. vii
At last, Hajriani Sabri. A bless, a gift that has been given from Him to me, who proudly love and patiently waiting for me, accepting me, thank you very much, really.thank you for being such a bless, Aji. Thank you for having faith in me. I could not be this kind of person without you. I have learned so many sweet and great things about life from you. I feel so special, thankful, for having this kind of heavenly relationship with the one as amazing as you. I do not know what will be waiting for us later. Sorry for all of my mistakes, imperfections, lovely. Sorry forbeing this far from where you are. I do miss you, really. Please wait for me My Battleship. My Afterglow. I love you so. Lets watch the flowers grow! The Writer Daniel Raymond W. P. Siahaan Reg. No. 100705103 viii
ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Subordinations in Paulo Coelho s Novel Brida. Skripsi ini berisi tentang definisi, bentuk dan fungsi subordinator dalam subordinasi yang ditemukan didalam novel, dan dua jenis kalimat yang mengandung klausa terikat (anak klausa), compound dan compound - complex sentence Teori yang digunakan sebagai landasan dalam menganalisis klausa bebas dan klausa terikat didalam subordinasi adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Oshima (1999) dan Hancock (2005). Teori ini menjelaskan tentang perangkat subordinasi, bentuk, dan jenis klausa yang dikategorikan kedalam tiga garis besar klausa, yaitu klausa keterangan, klausa benda dan klausa sifat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian perpustakaan dan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kuantitaf juga akan dipakai didalam menentukan tipe kalimat dengan anak klausa yang lebih dominan digunakan dalam novel. Tahapan dalam metodologi dalam skripsi ini adalah tahapan pengumpulan data, tahapan pengidentifikasian, tahapanpengklasifikasian, analisis data, dan tahapan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun kesimpulan dari hasil analisis data dari skripsi ini adalah bentuk klausa novel ini didominasi oleh klausa keterangan (Adverb Clause) dan tipe kalimat Complex dengan persentasi 51%. Kata Kunci : subordinasi, subordinator, klausa, bentuk, fungsi, kalimat. ix
ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled "Subordinations in Paulo Coelho's novel Brida". This thesis is about the definition, form and function subordinator in subordination found in the novel, and the two types of sentences that contain dependent clause, compound and compound - complex sentence. Theories used as the basis of analyzing of independent and dependent clause in subordination are theory by Oshima (1999) and Hancock (2005). These theories describe the device of subordination (subordinator), and forms of clauses are categorized into three kinds, ie adverb clause, noun clause, and adjective clause. Library research and qualitative descriptive method are used in analysis, while quantitative descriptive method will also be used in determining more dominant type of sentence between complex and compound - complex sentence which are used in the novel. Stages in the methodology in this thesis are the stages of data collection, identification stages, stages of classification, data analysis, and stages of conclusion. The writer reach the conclusions from the analysis of data that Adverb Clause is the most dominant subordinate clause form in the novel and Complex Sentence is the most type of sentence with a percentage of 51%. Keywords : subordination, subordinator, clause, form, function, sentence. x
TABLE OF CONTENT Page AUTHOR S DECLARATION... COPYRIGHT DECLARATION... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... ABSTRAK... ABSTRACT... TABLE OF CONTENT... v vi vii ix x xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study... 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study... 4 1.4 Scope of the Study... 4 1.5 Significances of the Study... 4 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Subordination in Sentences... 5 2.2 Adverb Clause... 8 2.2.1 Forms... 9 a. Clause of Time... 10 b. Clause of Place... 11 c. Clause of Reason... 11 d. Clause of Condition... 13 e. Clause of Result... 13 f. Clause of Concession... 14 xi
g. Clause of Comparison... 14 2.2.2 Functions... 17 2.3 Noun Clause... 19 2.3.1 Forms... 20 2.3.2 Functions... 21 2.4 Adjective Clause... 22 2.4.1 Forms... 22 a. Relative Pronouns... 23 b. Relative Adverbs... 24 2.4.2 Functions... 24 CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY 3.1 Research Method... 26 3.2 Source of Data... 27 3.3 Data Collecting Procedure... 27 3.4 Data Analysis Procedure... 28 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Analysis... 29 4.1.1 Adverb Clause... 29 4.1.1.1 Forms... 29 a) Adverb Clause of Time... 30 b) Adverb Clause of Place... 32 c) Adverb Clause of Reason... 33 d) Adverb Clause of Condition... 34 xii
e) Adverb Clause of Result... 35 f) Adverb Clause of Concession... 35 g) Adverb Clause of Comparison... 36 4.1.1.2 Functions... 38 4.1.2 Noun Clause... 41 4.1.2.1 Forms... 42 a) Question Words ( Wh-Questions )... 42 b) Question Words + Word ever... 44 c) Whether / If... 45 4.1.2.2 Functions... 46 4.1.3 Adjective Clause... 48 4.1.3.1 Forms... 48 a) Relative Pronouns... 48 b) Relative Adverbs... 49 4.1.3.2 Functions... 51 4.2 Findings... 53 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions... 54 5.2 Suggestions... 55 REFERENCES... 56 APPENDIX... xii xiii