http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9w1007dr No online items Prepared by Rebecca J. Mead, Revised by Aparna Mukherjee Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: archives@hoover.stanford.edu 2004 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. 85039 1
Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: archives@hoover.stanford.edu Prepared by: Rebecca J. Mead Revised by: Aparna Mukherjee Date Completed: 2004 Encoded by: ByteManagers using OAC finding aid conversion service specifications 2004 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Sir Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart papers, Date (inclusive): 1895-1971 Collection number: 85039 Creator: Lockhart, Robert Hamilton Bruce, Sir, 1887-1970 Extent: 11 manuscript boxes, 1 oversize box, 1 oversize folder(5 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Correspondence, speeches and writings, diaries, notes, memoranda, photographs, and memorabilia, relating to miscellaneous aspects of Anglo-Soviet relations during the Russian Revolution, British espionage in the Soviet Union during the Russian Revolution, miscellaneous aspects of British government activities during World War II (including Anglo-Czechoslovak relations), and personal affairs. Includes many letters by Baroness Moura Budberg, some letters by British espionage agent Sidney Reilly, and some material about him collected by Lockhart's son, Robin Bruce Lockhart. Language: English. Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Sir Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 1985. Accruals 85039 2
Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog Socrates at http://library.stanford.edu/webcat. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in Socrates is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid. 1887 September Born, Anstruther, Scotland 2 1912-1915 Vice-Consul, British Foreign Service, Moscow 1915-1917 Acting Consul-General, British Foreign service, Moscow 1918 Head of Special Mission to the Soviet Government January 1918 Arrested by the Bolsheviks; released and exchanged for Maxim Litvinov Sept.-Oct. 1919-1922 Commercial Secretary to British Legation, Prague, Czechoslovakia 1922-1928 Worked in banking in Central Europe 1929-1937 Member, Editorial Staff, Evening Standard (London) 1932 Author, Memoirs of a British Agent 1934 Author, Retreat from Glory 1936 Author, Return to Malaya 1937 Author, My Scottish Youth 1938 Author, Guns or Butter? 1939-1940 Director-General, Political Intelligence Department, British Foreign Office 1940-1941 British Representative with Provisional Czechoslovak government in London 1941-1945 Deputy Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, British Foreign Office and Director-General of Political Warfare Executive 1943 Knighted, Order of St. Michael and St. George 1947 Author, Comes the Reckoning 1948 Author, My Rod My Comfort 1950 Author, The Marines Were There 1951 Author, Ján Masaryk Author, Scotch 1952 Author, My Europe 1955 Author, Your England 1957 Author, The Two Revolutions Friends, Foes and Foreigners 1960 Author, Giants Cast Long Shadows 1970 Died, Hove, England February 27 The Robert Bruce Hamilton Lockhart papers consist of correspondence, diaries, memoranda, notes, speeches and writings, photographs, and memorabilia, relating to miscellaneous aspects of Anglo-Soviet relations during the Russian Revolution, British espionage in the Soviet Union during the Russian Revolution, miscellaneous aspects of British government activities during World War II (including Anglo-Czechoslovak relations), and personal affairs. Also included is some material about Lockhart collected by his son, Robin Bruce Lockhart. The Biographical File includes material on Lockhart's role in the counter-revolutionary "Lockhart Plot" against the Soviet Union. This scheme to overthrow the Bolshevik government, with help from Sidney Reilly, resulted in Lockhart's arrest and subsequent sentencing to death on charges of espionage and sabotage. The Subject File contains information relating to the Chester Concession, which was a grant awarded by the Turkish National Assembly in 1923 April to the Ottoman-American Development Company giving it the right to develop Turkish natural resources, and a report on the role of the Polish government in Boris Savinkov's conspiracy against the Soviet Union. The Sidney Reilly File contains material collected by Lockhart about this British espionage agent. It includes letters to and from Reilly, as well as a 1968 article about the search for Reilly. A related item in the Correspondence is a 1932 letter from Baroness Moura Budberg indicating that Reilly might still be alive. The Great Britain Foreign Office Documents series consists of dispatches relating to the situation in Czechoslovakia in 1946-1948. The bulk is from the British Embassy in Prague to the Foreign Office in London, but some from British Embassies elsewhere in Europe and the Soviet Union are included. Security-classified documents have been removed from 85039 3
this series, as required by law, until they can be declassified by government officials. Indexing Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the repository's online public access catalog. Subjects Great Britain. Foreign Office. World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain. World War, 1939-1945--Czechoslovakia. World War, 1939-1945. Espionage, British--Soviet Union. Secret service--great Britain. Great Britain--Foreign relations--soviet Union. Soviet Union--Foreign relations--great Britain. Soviet Union--History--Revolution, 1917-1921. Great Britain. Soviet Union. Russia (Federation) Czechoslovakia. Other Index Terms Related to this Collection Budberg, Moura. Reilly, Sidney George, 1874-1925. Lockhart, Robin Bruce. box 1 Biographical File, 1911-1963. Article, brochure, certificates, letter, memoranda, passes, passports, report, and miscellany, arranged alphabetically by physical form Box/Folder 1 : 1 Article by Victor Kravchenko on Robert Lockhart's role in counter-revolutionary plot against the Soviet Union, based on the author's interview with Ján Buinis, n.d. Contains a photographic reproduction of a note by Robert Lockhart requesting all personnel concerned to offer any assistance possible to Ján Buinis during his mission to "British Headquarters in Russia," 1912 Box/Folder 1 : 2 Brochure to promote a movie based on British Agent by Robert Lockhart, 1934 September. Box/Folder 1 : 3 Certificate of confirmation issued by the British Church of St. Andrew, Moscow, 1912 May. Box/Folder 1 : 4 Certificate (signed by George VI, the Earl of Athlone, and the Earl of Clarendon) awarding the K.C.M.G. (Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) to Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1943. Includes three letters relating to this membership, including a preliminary invitation from the Prime Minister's office, 1942-1962 Box/Folder 1 : 5 Civil service examination, 1911 July. Printed copy 85039 4
Biographical File, 1911-1963. Box/Folder 1 : 6 Letter from the Austrian Minister in London transmitting appointment as Honorary Consul General in London for Austria, 1927 May. Box/Folder 1 : 7 Memorandum from Robert Lockhart to Arthur Balfour on the internal situation in the Soviet Union, 1918 November (removed due to security classification) Box/Folder 1 : 8 Memorandum from the U.S. Army recommending Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart for the Medal of Merit, 1945 September 21. Box/Folder 1 : 9 Passes, 1944-1945. Box/Folder 1 : 10 Passports, 1918-1963. Box/Folder 1 : 11 Report on the "Lockhart Plot," with depositions of the accused, 1918 November 30. Holograph Box/Folder 1 : 12 Miscellany. Signatures of Robin N. Bruce Lockhart, son of Robert Lockhart, and others, n.d. box 1-2 Correspondence, 1895-1971. Letters and telegrams both received or written by Lockhart, and including some letters neither to nor from him, arranged alphabetically by correspondent General Box/Folder 1 : 13 Childhood letters, 1895. Box/Folder 1 : 14 Telegrams to Robert Lockhart, 1934. Box/Folder 1 : 15 Unidentified. Includes Easter greetings to Robert Lockhart, n.d.; 3 postcards neither from nor to Robert Lockhart, ca. 1916; and a postcard to Robert Lockhart received at Evening Standard, 1935 Box/Folder 1 : 16 Bark, Peter, Sir, 1936. Box/Folder 1 : 17 Beneš, Edvard, 1940-1945. Photocopies and Christmas greetings Box/Folder 1 : 18 Bracken, Brendan, 1948. Box/Folder 1 : 19 Buchanan, George, Sir, 1926. Budberg, Moura, Baroness Box/Folder 1 : 20 Undated Box/Folder 1 : 21 ca. 1915-1918. Box/Folder 1 : 22 ca. 1919-1959. Box/Folder 1 : 23 Post 1924 (probably) Box/Folder 1 : 24 Caccia, Harold, Sir, 1964. Box/Folder 1 : 25 Carol, King of Romania, to President Edvard Beneš, 1941. Box/Folder 1 : 26 Eden, Anthony, 1939-1945. Box/Folder 1 : 27 Einzig, Paul, 1971. Box/Folder 1 : 28 Kerensky, Aleksandr, 1956. Box/Folder 1 : 29 Lascelles, Alan, 1966. Box/Folder 1 : 30 Lockhart, Rob, Lt.-Gen., Sir, 1956. Lockhart, Robin Bruce, 1923-1969. Box/Folder 1 : 31 Undated. Note See also box 9 folder 2 Box/Folder 1 : 32 1923-1952. Box/Folder 1 : 1953-1958. 33-35 Box/Folder 2 : 1-2 1959-1969. 85039 5
Correspondence, 1895-1971. Box/Folder 2 : 3 Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, 1933. Box/Folder 2 : 4 Marie, Queen of Romania, 1937. Letter written by Countess Irene Procofsin, Lady-in-Waiting Box/Folder 2 : 5 Masaryk, Ján, 1939. Printed quotation from Lao-tse with holograph note Box/Folder 2 : 6 Norton, Jean, n.d. Box/Folder 2 : 7 Peake, Charles, Sir, 1947. Box/Folder 2 : 8 Peterson, Maurice, Sir, 1946. Box/Folder 2 : 9 Salisbury, Lord, 1955. Box/Folder 2 : 10 Spears, E. L., 1967. Note See also box 6 folder 25 Box/Folder 2 : 11 West, Rebecca, 1968. box 2-3 Diaries, 1910-1962. Miscellaneous diaries and photocopies of printed transcripts of diaries, arranged chronologically. The majority of Lockhart's diaries are located in the Beaverbrook Library and have been published in several volumes ( The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, Kenneth Young, ed., London: Macmillan London Limited, 1973) Box/Folder 2 : 12 Originals 1910 July - August. Relates to travel from the Far East through Canada to England. Includes draft verse Box/Folder 2 : 13 1946 July 1-1954 June 28. Erratic entries from 1946 (primarily), 1947, 1948, 1950, and 1954 Box/Folder 2 : 14 1960 April 23 and May 12-13. Loose-leaf pages describing a visit with Sir Orme Sargent Photocopies of printed transcripts of diaries, 1915-1962 Box/Folder 2 : 15 1915-1942. Box/Folder 2 : 16 1943-1962. Box/Folder 3 : 1 1943-1962. box 3-6 Speeches and Writings, 1907-1960s. Arranged chronologically. Many early works from and about the Soviet Union were written under the pseudonym of Jean d'auvergne General Notebooks containing entries on significant individuals and events, as well as quotations and other miscellany Box/Folder 3 : 2 Undated Box/Folder 3 : 3 mid-1930s. Box/Folder 3 : 4 late 1930s. Box/Folder 3 : 5 1932. Box/Folder 3 : 6 1934. 85039 6
Speeches and Writings, 1907-1960s. Box/Folder 4 : 1 1937. Box/Folder 4 : 2 ca. 1938. Box/Folder 4 : 3 1938-1945. Box/Folder 4 : 4 late 1940s. Box/Folder 4 : 5 1943. Box/Folder 4 : 6 1944-1945. Includes some notes from 1943 Box/Folder 4 : 7 1950. Box/Folder 5 : 1-2 1956. Box/Folder 5 : 3 1958. Box/Folder 5 : 4-6 Verse. Loose-leaf holographs and notebooks, 1907-1913. Box/Folder 5 : 7 "Ordeal by Oratory," n.d. Mimeographed typescript co-authored with Alexander Kerensky Box/Folder 5 : 8 "The Slave of the White Poppy," n.d. Draft typescript Box/Folder 5 : 9 "Student-Life in Russia," Chambers's Journal, 1912 June. Box/Folder 5 : 10 "The Russian Decadents," The Blue Book, 1912 September. Box/Folder 5 : 11 Miscellaneous columns, 1913-1915. Box/Folder 5 : 12 "The Continental Variety-Stage," parts I and II, The Englishwoman, 1913 January - February. Box/Folder 5 : 13 "Ears of Rye," Chambers's Journal, 1913 March 1. Box/Folder 5 : 14 "Ten Years of Russian Literature," The Englishwoman, 1913 August. Box/Folder 5 :15 "The Revolutionary: A Tale of the Russian Ballet," The Bystander, 1913 September 17. Mimeographed copy Box/Folder 6 : 1 Columns for The Bystander, 1913 March - 1914 May 20. Relate to Russian life and literature. Mimeographed and printed copies 85039 7
Speeches and Writings, 1907-1960s. Box/Folder 6 : 2 "The Moscow Art Theatre," ca. 1914. Box/Folder 6 : 3 "Daddy," 1914 August 1. of a short story Box/Folder 6 : 4 "The Way of the English," The Royal Magazine, 1916 May. Box/Folder 6 : 5 "Bolshevik Aims and Bolshevik Ideals," ca. 1918-1919. Box/Folder 6 : 6 "An Englishman Looks at the World," speech, ca. 1930s. Box/Folder 6 : 7 "James Simpson," article, ca. 1930s. Box/Folder 6 : 8 "End of an Epoch," ca. 1938-1939. Autobiographical typescript Box/Folder 6 : 9 "Inside Wartime Russia," radio broadcast, 1942 May 19. Box/Folder 6 : 10 "The Wandering Scot," speech, ca. 1950s. Box/Folder 6 : 11 "Founder's Day, Fettes College," speech, 1953 June 27. Box/Folder 6 : 12 "Britain's Place in the World Today," speech, 1953 September. Box/Folder 6 : 13 "Queen and Commonwealth," speech, the Societe Franco-Britannique, Paris, 1953 November 13. Box/Folder 6 : 14 "Baroness Budberg," article, 1958. 85039 8
Speeches and Writings, 1907-1960s. Box/Folder 6 : 15 "The Prophets of Our Time" and "Lord Cameron," ca. late 1950s. Chapters for a book entitled Giants Cast Long Shadows, which were not used. Draft typescripts Box/Folder 6 : 16 "Harold Macmillan," article, ca. 1960. box 6 Sidney Reilly File, 1921-1968. Article and correspondence relating to British espionage agent Sidney Reilly, arranged alphabetically by physical form Box/Folder 6 : 17 Article, "Kak îskal Shpiona Reīli," by R. I. Pimenov, 1968 June. In Russian. Includes a partial English translation titled, "My Search for Reilly the Spy," Leningrad, 1968 Letters primarily to and from Sidney Reilly Box/Folder 6 : 18 General, 1925-1927. Letters to Mrs. Sidney Reilly from Harold Williams, 1925, and from C. D. R. Lumby and E. Marsh, 1927 Box/Folder 6 : 19 Undated Box/Folder 6 : 20 Unidentified, 1922-1925. Includes telegrams to Sidney Reilly Box/Folder 6 : 21 Brunstrom, O., 1922. Box/Folder 6 : 22 Dukes, Paul, 1922. Box/Folder 6 : 23 Krary, Jim, 1921. Box/Folder 6 : 24 Savinkov, Boris, 1921-1924. Box/Folder 6 : 25 Spears, E. L., 1925. Note See also box 2 folder 10 box 6-7 Subject File, 1907-1960s. Flyers, letters, maps, memoranda, pamphlet, reports, and miscellany relating primarily to the Soviet Union and Europe before and during World War II, arranged by subject Box/Folder 6 : 26 Alley, Stephen, n.d. Box/Folder 6 : 27 Beaverbrook, Lord, 1954 May 23. Pamphlet of photographs commemorating Lord Beaverbrook's 75th birthday Chester Concession Box/Folder 6 : 28 Affidavit, 1922. Box/Folder 6 : 29 Clippings, 1923. Box/Folder 6 : 30 Letters, 1914-1923, including to K. B. Clayton-Kennedy 85039 9
Subject File, 1907-1960s. Box/Folder 6 : 31 China, 1960s. Notes on Chinese foreign relations, primarily with the Soviet Union. Holograph Box/Folder 6 : 32 Czechoslovakia, 1941-1948. Reports for the British Foreign Office on the meeting between Vyacheslav Molotov and Edvard Beneš in England, 1942 June; a memorandum regarding Czech frontiers, 1941; a memorandum by President Edvard Beneš on British radio broadcasts during World War II; and an incomplete letter, attributed to Mildred Thomas, describing Dr. Beneš' final illness, after the Communist take-over, 1948 October. s Box/Folder 6 : 33 De Valera, Eamon, 1945 October 19. Report of an interview with Eamon De Valera. Box/Folder 6 : 34 Masaryk, Ján, n.d. Note See also box 9 folder 15 Photocopy of a medal issued by the Czechs to commemorate his death, and of a note by Lockhart. Box/Folder 6 : 35 Box/Folder 6 : 36 Savinkov, Boris V. Agenda of a meeting where Savinkov was scheduled to give a speech on the Russian political situation, n.d. Clipping, 1925 August. Correspondence General. Includes telegrams Box/Folder 6 : 37 Undated Box/Folder 6 : 38 Unidentified, 1920-1921. Box/Folder 6 : 39 Savinkova, S., 1922. Box/Folder 6 : 40 Report on the role of the Polish government in Savinkov's conspiracy against the Soviet government and a letter to the editor by Maslovski on the subject, n.d. fragments Soviet Union Box/Folder 7 : 1 General, 1917-1918. Includes maps, World War I savings bonds, and a handwritten luggage receipt Box/Folder 7 : 2 British newspaper, The Socialist, with an article on the "Lockhart Plot," 1918 September. Box/Folder 7 : 3 Flyer issued by the Bolsheviks describing the "Lockhart Plot," 1918 September. Box/Folder 7 : 4 Pass signed by Leon Trotsky, 1918 February 27. Photocopy 85039 10
Subject File, 1907-1960s. Box/Folder 7 : 5 Report to the British Foreign Office on a conversation with L. M. Karachan about relations between Soviet Union and the Allies, 1918 November 7 (removed due to security classification). Box/Folder 7 : 6 Report (incomplete) by William B. Webster of the American Red Cross Mission to the Soviet Union on the post-war situation in the Baltic area, 1918 December 30. Box/Folder 7 : 7 United States, 1939 April 15. Report to the British Foreign Office on the state of American public opinion on the situation in Europe. Box/Folder 7 : 8 William II, German Emperor, 1939 August. Report on a visit. World War, 1939-1945 Box/Folder 7 : 9 Allied leaflet announcing the liberation of Paris, 1944 August. Box/Folder 7 : 10 Silk map prepared for intelligence agents during the North African invasion, 1942 September - October. Box/Folder 7 : 11 Summary of meetings between Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden, and Vyacheslav Molotov, 1942 June 10-11. Box/Folder 7 : 12-14 Miscellany, 1907-1938. Includes illustrations and postcards box 8 Great Britain Foreign Office Documents, 1946-1948. Mostly British Embassy, Prague, dispatches to the Foreign Office, but also from Denmark, France, Soviet Union, and United States, all relating to the situation in Czechoslovakia, arranged alphabetically by location of embassy British Embassy Box/Folder 8 : 1-3 Czechoslovakia Box/Folder 8 : 4 Denmark Box/Folder 8 : 5 France Box/Folder 8 : 6 Soviet Union Box/Folder 8 : 7 United States box 9 Photographs, 1912-1956. 32 prints and 1 negative depicting personalities such as Edvard Beneš, Arthur Henderson, David Lloyd George, and Ján Masaryk, arranged by physical form Box/Folder 9 : 1 Negatives. 1 negative depicting inscription on silver box given by Sidney Reilly to Robert Lockhart, ca. 1918. Prints 85039 11
Photographs, 1912-1956. Box/Folder 9 : 2 4 prints depicting unidentified individuals, n.d. Note See also box 1 folder 31 Box/Folder 9 : 3 Box/Folder 9 : 4 Box/Folder 9 : 5 Box/Folder 9 : 6 Box/Folder 9 : 7 Box/Folder 9 : 8 Box/Folder 9 : 9 Box/Folder 9 :10 Box/Folder 9 : 11 Box/Folder 9 : 12 Box/Folder 9 : 13 Box/Folder 9 : 14 Box/Folder 9 : 15 1 print (photocopy) depicting inscription on silver box given by Sidney Reilly to Robert Lockhart, ca. 1918. 1 print of Milner? n.d. 1 print depicting the city of Moscow, n.d. 1 print depicting Feliks Dzerzhinskii, n.d. 1 print depicting Arthur Henderson, n.d. 1 print depicting Madame Germanova, n.d. 1 print depicting Artur Khristianovich Artuzov, Chief of the Counter Intelligence Department or KRO (Kontr-razvediavatel'nyi otdel'), n.d. 1 print depicting Leon Trotsky, n.d. 1 print depicting President Edvard Beneš and Ján Masaryk, n.d. 1 print depicting Yakov Peters, n.d. 1 print depicting leaders of the October Revolution, n.d. 5 prints depicting David Lloyd George, Richard Tauber, and his wife, Diana Napier, in David Lloyd George's garden, n.d. 2 prints including one depicting the graves of Ján Masaryk and T. C. Masaryk, and one depicting a medal issued by the Czechs to commemorate the death of Ján Masaryk, n.d. Note See also box 6 folder 34 Box/Folder 9 : 16 1 print of the late Reverend Lombard of Hampstead and St. Petersburg (Leningrad), 1912?. Box/Folder 9 : 17 3 prints depicting the Moscow Football Team, 1912-1916. Box/Folder 9 : 18 1 print depicting an unidentified individual on top of the Empire State Building, ca. 1936. Box/Folder 9 : 19 4 prints depicting Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia, including one signed by him for Robert Lockhart, 1942, one signed by President Edvard Beneš for Aston Abbotts, 1944, one depicting him on his death bed, and one depicting his grave site, 1956. Box/Folder 9 : 20 1 print depicting Moura Budberg, n.d.. Box 9-12 Unprocessed papers undated Box 12 Declassified British government records 1918-1973 Formerly security-classified records of the British government, released in full. Arranged chronologically by date of release by Hoover, thereunder chronologically by date of creation Box 12 2010 release of records 1918-1973 Physical Description: One folder Box 12 2011 release of record undated Physical Description: One folder containing 1 item 85039 12