The Business of E-Resources Publishing Michaela Kurschildgen, Customer Consultant Elsevier Hilton Leeds City, 7 June 2017
Looking at today 1. A short history of publishing 2. Who is Elsevier 3. Technological and Content Innovation 4. Launching a new Journal 5. Editorial & Marketing Policies 6. Editorial & Peer Review Process 7. The Economics of Publishing 8. Pricing Models 9. Delivering Electronic Content 10. Working with Consortia 11. Open Access
1. A short history of publishing
4 Origins of Scholarly Publishing 1439 Gutenberg and moveable type Henry Oldenburg (1618-1677) Founding Editor and Commercial Publisher of the first scientific journal 1580 Founding of the House of Elzevir March 6,1665 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society First true scholarly journal Ability to create multiply, bulk copies of literature Religious & liturgical manuscripts Secretay of RS 1663 sent manuscripts to experts ->peer review
In Context: Scholarly Publishing Today Scientific,Technical and Medical communities around the world are united through STM Publishing Highly competitive industry Peer Reviewed Articles per Year Peer Reviewed Journals 19% 26% 74% 81% Other STM publishers Elsevier Other STM publishers Elsevier 5
Examples of our 3,800+ journal titles
Role of scientific publications Journal publishing has thrived for over 340 years but the fundamental role of Publishers remains unchanged Registration Timestamp: person and time of any new matter Certification Peer review stamp of approval by publisher, quality guarantee Dissemination Medium to share findings First scientific journals published in 1665 Preservation Preserve and archive records of science Elzevirianas circa 1629 Oldenburg saw four roles that the journal served for the Society
2. Who is Elsevier
9 Who is Elsevier? Solutions that help professionals across industries make better decisions, get better results and be more productive Elsevier Global market leader serving scientists, students, health and information professionals worldwide Founded over 130 years ago 7500 employees in 46 countries Published >420.000+ articles per year in >3.800 journals Received 1.100.000+ submissions per year > 40.000 Books, plus 1-1.5k a year Work with over 30 million scientists, students, health & information professionals globally Over the last 50 years the majority of Noble Laureates have published by Elsevier Elsevier is founder of Research4Life which gives more than 7.500 institutions across 100+ developing countries free or low cost access to almost 50.000 scientific resources
Who we serve Publishers support the greater scientific and health communities Researchers Health Practitioners Faculty & Students Pharma Companies Librarians Societies Engineers Professionals Elsevier s Global Publishing Network 7,000 Editors 70,000 Editorial Board Members 570,000+ Referees 650,000+ Authors General Public
3. Technological and Content Innovation
The Publishing Industry Over Time since the first journal was published Tim Berners-Lee 1665 1880 1989 2000 Today 1998-1999 12
Content innovation Why? Because the way that research is done is changing and the article needs to adapt From print science to digital science Give authors a platform to express their research beyond text and images: data, code, multimedia,... Give readers the best tools to find research that is relevant for them, build insights fast, and have access to all relevant data and methods
An example Breaking away from ink on paper print legacy Enable authors to better express their research Use modern web technology for an optimal reading experience From scientists printing out PDF and using a ruler to get to a data point to interactive plots embedded in the article!
Interactive Plots and Figures Add quality Google Maps Linking with data repositories 15
4. Launching a new journal
Launching a Journal Can content growth be absorbed into an existing journal? Existing journals provide a perfect infrastructure for new topics Not possible? Look outside current titles New areas or niches need a good publishing platform e.g. Medical Physics, Convergent Science, Materials Science, Flexible electronics Community looking for a home Decision of type of journal subscription or OA Editorial relationships Bibliometrics takes years to get momentum and listings/rankings One in 10 launches do great, 3-4 are good, the rest struggle. Break-even on $ investment in < 5 years if lucky.
Acquisition and Transfer Why? Growth by Acquisition of journals or publishing houses 30-40 journal acquisitions per annum normally less than number launched Adherence to Publishers Transfer Code Time lag to launch new journals Core subscriptions do not move well across publishing houses typically 20-40% subscription attrition!
5. Editorial and Marketing Policies
Editorial Policies & Ethics 1. Research ethics Authors must not fabricate, falsify or misrepresent data or results. They should strive to be objective, unbiased and truthful in all aspects of their work. 2. Authorship policy authors should ensure that all those who have made a significant contribution are cited as co-authors, and only these people (ICJME rules). 3. Referencing, citation accuracy Avoid plagiarism, self-plagiarism, parallel submission etc. 4. Conflicts of interest Authors employment, consulting fees etc. transparency is the key Referees co-worker or collaborator must be avoided 5. Peer review Is always used to evaluate submitted papers
Marketing Policies? Authors Publisher services Authors papers well exposed on journal and ScienceDirect platform. Alerts sent to readers who requested this service. Listing of top downloaded and top cited papers om journal home page etc. Authors Self service Authors allowed to spread full PDF of their paper as link for first 50 days then DOI link Authors can post accepted author manuscript version on their own web page as part of their author rights Self-marketing tools information on Publishing Campus Libraries Publisher services Usage reports to assist portfolio management. Alerts on new and changed journal titles Trainings Promotion material etc
6. Editorial and Peer Review Process
Initial changes Principles of Peer Review A well understood concept Without it there is no control in scientific communication OUT rejection rejection Submission Editor (preliminary Assessment) Reviewer 1 Reviewer 2 Editor: Decision minor/major revisions required Journal Editors evaluate and reject certain articles prior to external peer review Print Proof In Press accepted Typesetting, copy editing PR is a widely understood concept in the academic community Requiring transparency, impartiality, confidentiality and timeliness Branding, logos, page numbers Published 23
7. The Economics of Publishing
25 The Economics of Publishing Facts and Figures How do publishers make money on books and journals? Big deals to academic libraries (75%) Corporate subscriptions (14%) Author charges on OA journals (5%) Individual subscriptions (3%) Licensing of content (3%) 79% of Elsevier revenue comes From digital products Other income is from indexing tools and software solutions such as SCOPUS, Pure, SciVal, Reaxis etc. but these have large development costs.
8. Pricing models for journals and e-resources
27 Pricing Models Subscriptions to Journals Complete Collection Standard Collection Subject Collection Freedom Collection Individual Titles Single articles Pre-paid transactions Article Choice License to Solutions Scopus Embase Reaxis wtc
Subscriptions to Journals Complete Collection Electronic access to all of your print journal holdings with access to the current and four previous years of content Standard Collection Allows you to choose journals for electronic access from your Elsevier print holdings on a title-by-title basis, with the option to subscribe to additional electronic-only content. Begins with current and four previous years of content, with new content added annually. Subscriptions for electronic access only are also available.
Subscriptions to Journals Subject Collection > 20 Additional access to the depth of content in a specific field. Begins with current and four previous years of content, with new content added annually. Freedom Collection Available to academic institutions only who have a current Complete agreement. Qualifying customers will have access to all non-subscribed Elsevier journal content at a significantly reduced rate.
Individual titles Molecular Astrophysics, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 74 GBP, 4 issues Developmental Biology, Life Sciences, 10,746 GBP, 24 issues
31 Single Articles Pre-paid transactions & ArticleChoice Bundles of prepaid articles and ebook chapters Available in bundles of 100, 200 or 500 articles and book chapters Access to downloaded full text for 24 hours, with the ability to print and store documents for future reference One-time purchase. The bundle expires after 12 months.
9. Delivering Electronic Content
33 Delivering Electronic Content Internet Protocol (IP) address authentication (most common method) To access your organization's subscribed content from outside the premises: Extended access session (a.k.a., anonymous remote access) Federated authentication through SAML* (i.e., Shibboleth (federated identity solution), OpenAthens (a large Shibboleth community), Enterprise SSO) Virtual private network (VPN) Secure proxy server Self-managed remote access Secure login link on your website (e.g., library portal) via a Ticketed URL link Registration IDs *SAML, pronounced sam-el) is an XML-based, open-standard data format for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties,
Discovery Services Content index providers Primo (ExLibris) Summon (SerialsSolution) EDS (EBSCO discovery service) WorldCat Local (OCLC)
10. Working with Consortia
36 Working with Consortia (in my region) NESLI / JISC Collections BIBSAM Sweden FineLib Finland DEFF Denmark CRIStin Norway National and Medical Consortia Iceland IReL Ireland SHEDL Scottland Elektron Belgium UKB Netherlands Mandatory or opt-in opt-out 3-5 years
6. Open Access
38 Two different business models Subscriptions pay to access or receive Gold Open Access pay to broadcast In the subscription model, an institution or sometimes individual customer pays a subscription price to gain access to journal content. The journal is supported by revenue generated by subscriptions. The work of authors who publish in these journals is made available to all those readers who hold, or whose institutions hold, subscriptions. This is sometimes described as a paying to read (rather than to write). In the gold open access model, journal content is openly accessible to all. Authors accepted for publication in these titles have their work broadcast to an unlimited audience, but must pay an Article Publication Charge (APC) to cover the cost of publishing. This is sometimes described as paying to write (rather than to read).
39 What is open access? Free and permanent access to scholarly research combined with clear guidelines (user licenses) for users to re-use the content. Gold open access After submission and peer review (and acceptance), an article publishing charge (APC), is payable Upon publication everyone can immediately and permanently access the article online Green open access After submission and peer review in a subscription journal, the article is published online. Subscription articles are also made available open access. Subscribers have immediate access and the article is made open access either through author selfarchiving in IR, publisher deposit or linking later on.
40 What is the difference? Gold Open Access Green Open Access Access Fee Use Options Free public access to the final published article Access is immediate and permanent Open access fee is paid by the author, or on their behalf (for example by a funding body) Determined by your user licence Publish in an open access journal Publish in a journal that supports open access (also known as a hybrid journal) Free public access to a version of your article Time delay may apply (embargo period) No fee is payable by the author, as costs are covered by library subscriptions Authors retain the right to use their articles for a wide range of purposes Open versions of your article should have a user license attached Link to your article. Selected journals feature open archives Self-archive a version of your article
Elsevier and Open Access Currently over 250,000 articles are open access 2 nd largest open access publisher We launched 33 new fully open access titles in 2015. Currently more than 1700 Elsevier journals offer both subscription and open access publishing options (hybrid journals) and we publish 108 open archive* journals. If you consider green open access options, all of our 3,800 journals permit authors to share their preprints and accepted manuscripts in line with our sharing policy. Open archive*: Elsevier provides free access to archived material in selected Elsevier journals. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/elsevier-publishing-a-look-at-the-numbers-and-more
Where to find further information Elsevier for Librarians: https://www.elsevier.com/librarians Library Connect newsletters & Webinars: https://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/ Acknowledgement Anthony Newman, Publisher in Life Sciences
Questions? m.kurschildgen@elsevier.com Thank you Elsevier.com/Scopus