SUMÁRIO CONDITION: IF CLAUSES 3 O USO DOS VERBOS MODAIS EM IF CLAUSES 5 EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 9 TEXT COMPREHENSION 16 GABARITO 19 2
CONDITION: IF CLAUSES Usamos frases condicionais para mostrar de que forma uma ação depende de uma outra. As Conditional Tenses são particularmente usadas em estruturas chamadas de If-clauses, onde existe uma correlação entre duas formas verbais, gerada pela expressão if ( se ). Unless (a menos que, a não ser que ) também é usado em Conditional Tenses. Se a forma utilizada for unless, uma das formas verbais estará obrigatoriamente na negativa. Unless é igual a if not. If you said it before, I would buy you some potatoes. I won t go there unless you ask me to. TABELA PARA CORREÇÃO DE TEMPOS VERBAIS NAS IF- CLAUSES Simple Past Simple Conditional If you studied harder, you would have fewer problems with your parents You would have fewer problems with your parents if you studied harder. Past Perfect Conditional Perfect/ Conditional Continuous If you had planned in advance, this wouldn t have happened. This wouldn t have happened if you had planned in advance. If you had asked me, I would be helping you with your tasks. I would be helping you with your tasks if you had asked me. Simple Present Simple Present If you put water in the freezer, it becomes ice. Water becomes ice if you put it in the freezer. 3
Simple Present Simple Future / Future Continuous If you wait a minute, our maid will bring you some water Our maid will bring you some water if you wait a minute. If it rains, there are going to be floods all around town. There are going to be floods all around town if it rains. If you authorize me to, I will be writing to our clients in five minutes I will be writing to our clients in five minutes if you authorize me to. Simple Present Imperative If you drink, don t drive. Don t drive if you drink. 4
O USO DOS VERBOS MODAIS EM IF CLAUSES Formas que apresentam ideias no futuro: Certeza If I study, I will pass. must mais can may provável should ought to menos could might If it rains, we shall (will ) stay at home. If I have enough time, I may go and see Jennie this evening. If you study really hard, you should pass your examinations. If they don't come soon, they might miss the first act. If you don't make an effort, you cannot expect to be successful. 5
Formas que apresentam ideias no presente: Certeza mais If I studied, I would pass. should ought to provável could menos might If I were you, I would take up a sport to keep fit. If you saved your money, you could afford a holiday abroad. If we could ( were able to ) get to London before midday, we might be able to go shopping. Nota: Nesse caso acima usamos a forma do verbo to be no subjuntivo, logo a forma correta será: I were, you were, he were, she were, it were, we were, you were, they were. 6
Formas que apresentam ideias no passado: Certeza If you had studied, you would have passed. Provável could might If I hadn't come to Rio, we would never have met, darling. If you hadn't reacted so quickly, we might well have had an accident. If she had not been so hardworking, she might not have been manager today. If they had only asked us, they could have used the caravan with pleasure. ESPECIAIS A oração condicional com if pode ser a segunda. A mudança é feita quando queremos enfatizar a ideia contida na primeira oração. He wouldn't be rich if he had not worked hard. (no comma (,) when the conditional comes second) As seguintes expressões também são usadas para introduzir orações condicionais: unless ( if not ), in case, provided or providing, on condition that e supposing Supposing everyone behaved like that, ( what would happen then )? Supposing you had married a foreigner and had gone to live in her country, do you think you would have been happy? 7
Here's a five-dollar bill. Don't spend it unless you have to. I'll give you some money in case you need to buy some food. You can go out tonight, provided you have finished your homework. He said that we could have the evening off on condition that we were back by midnight. Nota: A expressão unless substituída por if not ficaria assim: She will fail the exams, unless she studies harder. If she doesn t study harder, she will fail the exams. Nas If-clauses, a inversão do verbo com o sujeito elimina o uso do if Had you left earlier, this wouldn t have happened ( if you had left ) Were I to be invited, I would go ( If I were invited...) As Conditional Tenses são usados com wish (desejar). I really wish it would stop raining. She wishes she would have rested more. Nas if-clauses e com wish, o passado de be é sempre were, mesmo na 3ª pessoa do singular. If I were you, I wouldn t say that. She wishes she were married. 8
1. (F.M.ABC-SP) If they had started earlier, they in time. a) have arrived b) arrived c) would have arrived d) will arrive e) would arrive 2. (FUND.C.CHAGAS-SP) They will go out if it not rain. a) will b) would c) may d) does e) did 3. (F.C.M.STA CASA-SP) If I you, I to him seriously. a) were - would talk b) were - will talk c) was - will talk d) would be - talked e) will be - talk 9
4. (OSEC-SP) What would you do if? a) the car breaks down b) she were here now c) the patient gets worse d) you see him at school e) Marisa calls you 5. ( Esc. Naval) They could have stopped him if they to. a) want b) were wanting c) have wanted d) will want e) had wanted 6. (AFA) Read the sentences below carefully: I - My daughter was in doubt whether to drink coke or orange juice. II - If we had time to call her, we would have avoided the accident. III - My family will travel next weekend unless my father has other plans. IV - If you want to, you could go. V - How can I guess if it s going to rain tonight? The correct alternative is: a) Sentences I and IV are correct b) Sentences II and IV aren t correct c) Sentences III and IV are correct d) Sentences I and V aren t correct 7. (AFA) If he likes that van, he buy it or he never take that long trip. a) will / will b) could / had c) would / would d) can / wouldn t 10
8. ( Esc. Naval) Quais as palavras que preenchem corretamente a lacuna da frase: The child if the bus hadn t stopped quickly. a) be killed b) would have killed c) would be killed d) had been killed e) would have been killed 9. (AFA) Observe the sentences below and mark the correct alternative. I - If I see a flying saucer, I would probably faint. II - I wish I had followed your advice, but I hadn t. III - I even get angry if he watches girls on television. IV - Had I known you were in town I would have invited you to have dinner with me. a) Only sentences II and III are correct. b) Only sentences II, III and IV are correct. c) Only sentences I, II and III are correct, d) Only sentences I, III and IV are correct. 10. (AFA) Some friends of mine say Robert is dating my cousin Jane. I ve never seen them together yet. This either is or is not so. In any way it s none of my business. You can infer from this paragraph that a) there won t be any way to know if Robert is dating. b) Jane s cousin can t say whether or not Robert is dating her. c) if Robert is dating, Jane s cousin must not care about his own business. d) if Jane s cousin saw either Robert or Jane they would be actually dating 11
11. (ITA) Lady Astor MP: "If you (I) my husband I (II) poison your coffee". Churchill: "If you (III) my wife I (IV) drink it." Os termos que melhor preenchem as lacunas I, II, III e IV são: a) were (I), would (II), were (III), had (IV). b) was (I), would (II), was (III), would (IV). c) were (I), had (II), were (III), had (IV). d) was (I), could (II), was (III), would (IV). e) were (I), would (II), were (III), would (IV). 12. (ITA) He had lots of German in him. Some Irish. But no Jew. I think that if he ( I ) a little Jew he ( II ) it out. (Singer Courtney Love, on the suicide of her rock-star husband Kurt Cobain.) As lacunas (I) e (II) do comentário acima devem ser preenchidas, respectivamente, por: ( I ) (II) a) had had would have stuck b) has had would stick c) have had had had stuck d) had had had stuck e) had would stuck 13. (ITA) Dadas as sentenças I - We could be giving you a lift if we d know you were coming downtown. II - If you need any help, just call me. III - I was sailing on a boat across the Mediterranean if I could. Constatamos que está(ão) correta(s): a) apenas a I b) apenas a II c) apenas a I e a II d) apenas a II e a III e) todas as sentenças 12
14. (EFFOM) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a frase Vera wouldn t have been so annoyed if Manoel her. a) phoned b) had phoned c) had been phoned d) were phoned e) was phoned to 15. (FATEC) The design would have been better if they to a reputable architect. a) went b) will go c) had gone d) are going e) have gone 16. (ITA) Those students if they hard. a) succeed - work b) succeed - will work c) succeeded - had worked d) will succeed - work e) none 17. (ITA) Dadas as sentenças I - You wouldn t be suffering so much if you had taken care of your health. II - If he were a nice person, everybody would help him. III - Unless you tell me so, I wont go away. IV - By now I should have known better. Constatamos que está(ão) correta(s): a) apenas a I b) apenas a II c) apenas a III e a IV d) apenas a II, a III e a IV e) todas as sentenças 13
18. (ITA) If I in your place, I that again and again. a) have been - would not do b) had been - would not have done c) were - will not do d) was - will not have done e) had being - would not have done 19. (UNOPAR) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a frase you d have known what a lovely holiday we ve had. a) If you ll join us b) Had you joind us c) If you join us d) Will you join us e) Had been joined us 20. (METODISTA) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a frase I around the whole world if I a million dollars. a) d probably travel / have b) d probably travel / had had c) d probably travel / hadn t had d) d probably travel / will have e) d probably travel / had 21. (UFSTA MARIA) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a frase Unless you much sugar, you fat. a) won t eat / won t get b) don t eat / won t get c) are eating / won t have got d) eat / won t e) have eaten / would get 14
22. (PUC-SP) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a frase Do you think you those shoes if you any money?. a) could buy / had had b) could be buying / had c) could have bought / had had d) could bought / hadn t e) could be buying / have 23. (UNIP) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a frase: If you things properly, we into this mess. a) had planned / wouldn t get b) had planned / wouldn t have got c) planned / wouldn t have got d) will plan / wouldn t get e) plan / wouldn t be getting 24. (STA CECÍLIA) Escolha, dentre as alternativas abaixo, aquela que preenche corretamente a frase I out for the day if I all this work to do. a) would have gone / don t have b) would go / didn t have c) will go / didn t have d) would be going / have e) a and b are correct 25. (UNITAU-SP) If she hadn't been wearing a seat-belt, she in the crash. a) would have injured b) would had been injured c) would have being injured d) would have been injured e) would have be injured 15
TEXT COMPREHENSION Text 31 (AFA) VIRGO (24/08 23/09) Characteristics Their basic impulses are to be of service to analyze, to criticize and to discriminate. They re terribly fussy and like things to be perfect and places to be tidy. As perfectionists themselves, they don t suffer fools gladly, but they re modest and conscientious. They tend to suppress their emotions and worry about things. (Adapted from Daily News and Speak Up 1. "They are terribly fussy and like things to be tidy." The synonym of the underlined word is: a) clumsy b) inattentive c) valiant d) careful Text 32 (AFA) Central Station The reality of everyday life that "Central Station" shows is harsh. In the film, Dora (Fernanda Montenegro) is a bitter woman who makes her living in Rio's Central Station writting letters for illiterate people. She takes their money but discards the letters. One day she writes a letter for a mother and her little boy (Vinícius de Oliveira). When the mother is killed in an accident outside the station, Dora tries to sell the boy for adoption. Then she realizes her mistake, rescues the boy and the two set out on a bus trip to find his father. For Walter Salles, the director of the film, Dora is a good example of modern Brazil, with its culture of "cynicism". But as Dora gradually develops a bond with the boy "she begins to understand that the boy's route and the boy's problems are comparable to her own", he said. 16
The growing friendship between these two is, for Mr.Salles, a symbol of Brazil where solidarity and compassion may be buried but are still present. His film is not utopian, but it celebrates the diversity both of the land and of what Mr. Salles calls the "human geography" that Dora and Josué encounter on their journey. (From "A Searching Journey into the Heart of Brazil,"by Laura Winters, In The New York Times, November 22,1998.) Adapted from New Password English, MARQUES, Amadeu (Vol.1) 1. In the sentence, "But as Dora gradually develops a bond with the boy..." We deduce that she a) unites him to her as a bitter stepmother. b) connects her feelings with his since they weren't tramps. c) shows a marked lack of affection in him. d) feels linked to him. 2. "The reality of everyday life that Central Station shows is harsh." The underlined word may be replaced by a) strict b) cunning c) harmful d) neglectful 3. "She takes their money but discards the letters." The underlined words mean that she a) sends them to people b) gets rid of all them c) uses them to her own d) writes them to people 17
4. In the sentence "...where solidarity and compassion may be buried but are still present", the underlined words say that the two feelings can be a) destroyed b) damaged c) considered d) ignored 5. "Dora tries to sell the boy for adoption. Then she realizes her mistake, rescues the boy and the two set out on a bus trip to find his father." In the paragraph above we may conclude that Dora a) would sell the boy for adoption if he didn't help her during the trip. b) would have sold him if he hadn't gone to her on a bus trip c) would have sold the boy for adoption if she hadn't had notions of her mistake. d) wouldn't sell him unless he wanted to go with her on a bus trip. 18
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. e 6. b 7. a 8. e 9. b 10. b 11. e 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. c 16. d 17. e 18. b 19. b 20. e 21. d 22. c 23. b 24. b 25. d TEXT COMPREHENSION Text 31 (AFA) 1. d Text 32 (AFA) 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. c 19