Noun formation prefixes Anti- Bio- Co Eco- Ex- Inter- Mid- Mis- Non- Over- Psycho- Self Semi- Sub- Used to prevent something Relating to life and living thins With or together Relating to environment Former, in the past Between or among Middle Bad or wrong Too much Relating to the mind Of or by yourself Half 1 under 2 les important or smaller Antifreeze, antiseptic Biology, biochemistry Co-worker, co-author Ecology, eco-system Ex-husband, ex- girlfriend Intersection, interference Midday, midweek Noun endings- suffixes meaning examples -ability, ibility -al When sth is possible (nouns from adjectives) Used to say thet sb/sth does or sth happens (nouns from adverbs) Misspelling, mismanagement Non-smoker, nonsense Overgrowth, overpopulation Psychology, psychotherapy Self-confidence, self-control Semi-circle, semi-detached Submarine, subway Subcommittee, subsection Reliability, flexibility Arrival, denial -an -ian -ation -ator -cy --er, -or, -ar, -r -ful -ist A particular person, place or subject (nouns from names) When sb does sth or sth happens (nouns from verbs) Sb or sth that does or makes something (nouns from verbs) Used in the names or qualities 1 a person who does an activity 2 a person who lives in a place 3 a thing that does something The amount that a container holds 1 sb who supports a particular set of ideas or beliefs 2 sb who plays a particular musical instrument 3 sb who does a particular activity or type of work American Historian Creation, hesitation Creator Investigator Decency, currency Footballer Londoner Cooler Handful, spoonful Leftist
-ity -ty -let -ment -ness -ology -ship -ware -y -dom -ence/-ance -hood Used in the names of qualities or types of behavior (nouns from adjectives) A small kind of a particular thing 1 an activity or way of doing sth 2 a particular quality (nouns from verbs) Used in the names of qualities (nouns from adjectives) The science or study of sth 1 a situation between people or organizations 2 a skill or ability to do sth well Used in the names of particular kinds of goods Used in the names of feelings Abstract nouns (nouns from nouns) (nouns from verbs) Quality of sth, group Violinist Cyclist Stupidity, beauty Piglet Development Amusement, contentment Goodness, loudness Psychology, sociology Friendship Musicianship Hardware, silverware Jelousy Freedom Competence, accordance sisterhood Adjective beginnings prefixes Anty- Cross- Dis- Eco- Extra In- Im- (b,m,p) Il- (l) Ir- (r) Inter- 1 opposed to 2 opposite to Going across or between Relating to the environment Beyond or outside, or not included in something Between or among Antinuclear Anticlockwise Cross-country, cross-cultural Disapproving Eco-friendly Extramarital, extracurricular Incorrect Imprecise Illegible Irrational Interpersonal Multinational
Multi- Non- Over- Post- Pre- Trans- Ultra- Un- Bi- Adjective endings suffixes -able -ible -al -ial -an -ian -ed -ing -en adjective endings suffixes -er -est -ish -ive -less -like Having many of something 1 too much 2 across or above After or later than Before or earlier than Across or on the other side of 1 very, extremely sth 2 beyond Consisting of two s 1 able to be(broken, drunk, washed) 2 having a particular quality Relating to something Relating to a particular person, place or subject 1 having a particular thing 2 having a particular quality Used for something Made of something s Makes the comparative of short adjectives Makes the superlative of short adjectives 1 relating to a country, its language and its people 2 like or typical of 3 quite or slightly 4 approximately, about Used to say that sb or sth does or is able to do sth (adjectives from verbs) Without Like or typical of (makes adjectives from nouns) 1 behaving in a way that is typical of a particular kind of person Nonstop Overemotional Overhead Postwar Pre-existing Transatlantic Ultramodern Ultrasonic Uncomfortable Bipolar, bisexual Breakable, drinkable, washable Reasonable, responsible (adjectives from verbs) Political Facial American, civilian, Reptilian Bearded, armed Big-headed, bored Swimming, living Golden, silken Hotter, cooler, bigger, safer, prettier, dittier Hottest, biggest, prettiest, British, Swedish Childish, impish, boyish, Smallish, greenish Sixish, fortyish Creative, cooperative, Childless, painless Lifelike, godlike
-ly -most -ous -th 2 happening regularly Makes the superlative of some adjectives Having a particular quality Makes adjectives from numbers Covered in sth or having a lot of sth, or having a particular quality Friendly, motherly Hourly, daily Topmost, northernmost, uppermost Dangerous, spacious, envious Sixth, hundredth, foutieth Dirty, dusty, rainy, smelly, greedy -y Verb beginnings- prefixes De- Dis- Mis- Re- Trans- Un- Verb endings suffixes -en Ize/ise(BrE) -ize (AmE) -ify Adverb endings suffixes -er, -r -est, -st -ly -ward, wards To remove or reduce sth 1 to not do sth 2 to remove sth To do sth badly or wrongly To make or do sth again 1 to change sth completely 2 to move sth to a new place To remove or unfasten sth To become or make sth become To become or make sth become To give sth a particular quality Makes the comparative of adverbs Makes the superlative of adverbs 1 in a particular way (adverbs from adjectives) 2 happening regularly (adverbs from nouns) In a particular direction Decaffeinate, devalue Disagree, disobey Disconnect, disinfect Misinterpret Rethink, redo, remake Transform Transfer Undress, unlock, untie Darken, soften, lighten, strengthen, Popularize, legalize, modernize, harmonize Solidify, simplify, purify Later, sooner, farther Latest, soonest, farthest Carefully, slowly Hourly, daily, weekly Northward(s), backward(s)
Some adverbs do not have the similar meaning as the adjectives they were formed from: Awfully lately terribly barely hardly shortly scarcely (find their meanings in your dictionary)