INDEX A A, vs. an, 232 233 Abbreviations, 275 276 on AIM, 30 Absolute phrases, 248 Academic journal readers, as audience, 51 Academic Search Premier, 107 Academic writing, 3 Accept/except, 278 Action verbs, 237, 245 Ad hominem, logical fallacy, 5 AD. See Anno domini. Adapt/adopt, 278 Adjectives articles as type of, 232 233 comparative, 231 coordinate, 231 modifying, 230 231 position of in sentence, 75 76 predicate, 230 superlative, 231 to compare two nouns, 75 to show an object is the most, 76 trouble spots with, 75 76 Adobe Acrobat 9, 8 Adobe Connect, 85 Adverbs, 240 242 conjunctive, 241 242, 270 modifying adjectives, 241 modifying adverbs, 241 modifying verbs, 240 of frequency, 75 of manner, 74 position of in sentence, 74 75 trouble spots with, 74 75 with to be verbs, 75 with compound verbs, 75 Advice/advise, 279 Advisors, composing e-mail to, 24 26 Affect/effect, 278 Agencies, proper names of, capitalization, 275 Agreement, 254 260 mistakes in, 285 287 pronoun-antecedent, 228, 254 256 subject-verb, 79, 256 259 AIM. See AOL Instant Messenger. Alignment, setting with Microsoft Word, 326 328 All ready/already, 279 Alliteration, 380 Allusions, as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 AMA, style guide, 138 American Psychological Association (APA), 117, 139 citation style, for compare-contrast essay, 389, 405 406 font, 335 formatting, general, 309, 325 formatting title page, 331 full citation, for book, 127 full citation, for Web page, 127, 128 433
434 INDEX in-text citation, for book, 126 127, 428 in-text citation, for Web site, 139 Microsoft Word and, 325, 331, 335, 337 references page, capitalization of titles, 274 style guide, 121, 126, 137, 138, 337 An, vs. a, 232 233 Analogies, as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 Analytic rubrics, 298, 300 301, 305, 309 Anecdotes, as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 Anno domini (AD), 49, 276 Annotated page, example of, 89 Annotated reading, as aspect of reading critically, 8 Annotating while reading, 88 89 Antecedents, 228 AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), 29 32 etiquette, 30 31 introduction to, 29 30 key terms, 30 using to communicate with classmates, 32 using to communicate with instructors, 31 32 AOL.com, 109 AP. See Associated Press. APA. See American Psychological Association. Apostrophes, 272 273 with plural nouns, 273 with possessive nouns, 81 with singular nouns, 273 Appeal to reader, 70 71 as element of writing, 68 Appositive phrases, 248 comma usage, 268 Arabic numerals, list of, 145 Argumentation, versus persuasion, 357 Arguments, 69 70 critical of government, 72 in research-based essays, 69 questioning authority, 72 Aristotle, 72 Articles, as type of adjective, 232 233 Ask.com, 109 Assertions, as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 Associated Press (AP) citation style, for expository essay, 351, 389, 390 style guide, 136 137, 138 Asynchronous, defined, 13 Attention-grabbing statement, use in introduction, 185 186 Audience, 49 54 academic journal readers, 51 business executives, 51 children, 51 college students, 51 for expository essay, 349 for presentation, 315 316 identifying writing samples for, 52 53 importance of targeting, 49 50 teens, 51 tips for targeting, 51 Audience appeal, conclusion, 192 Audience awareness, 71 72 as element of writing, 68 Author affiliation, evaluating, 114 Authority
INDEX 435 as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 questioning in essay, 72 Authors, evaluating, 110 111, 113 114 Auxiliary verb, 80 Away message, used on AIM, 30 B Bandwagon, logical fallacy, 5 Base verb form, 237, 238 BC. See Before Christ. BCE. See Before Common Era. Before Christ (BC), 275 Before Common Era (BCE), 275 Bing, 209 Bing.com, 109 Block format, compare-contrast essay, 368 370 Blog as reading journal, 91 evaluating as source, 113, 115 Bloom s Taxonomy, and hexagonal essay, 92 BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics. Bls.gov, 110 Bluebook, citation style, 121, 136, 238 cause-effect analysis, 389, 427, 428, 429 Body, of presentation, 319 321 Bold, formatting text in with Microsoft Word, 336 Books APA, MLA in-text and full citation for, 126 127 capitalization of titles, 274 Brainstorming, 39, 65, 68 as part of developing thesis, 163 164 exercise, example of, 40 41 British English, 221 Buddy information, on AIM, 30 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 110 Business executives, as audience, 51 Business Source Complete, 107 Business Source Premier, 107 C Cabell s Directory of Publishing Opportunities, 107 Canadian English, 221 Capitalization, 274 275 days of week, 80 months of year, 80 proper names of places, 275 proper nouns, 80 81 seasons of year, 81 titles, of book or paper, 274 titles, of people, 274 275 Cause-effect analysis, 385 387 annotated example of, 428 430 Bluebook citation style, 389, 427, 428, 429 example of, 430 432 examples of language used, 386 thesis statement, 386 387 Cdc.gov/nchs, 110 CE. See Common Era. Census.gov, 110 Charting method, of note taking, 115, 119 120 Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), 139 citation style, for critical or evaluative essay, 389, 417 style guide, 138 Children, as audience, 51 Choose/chose, 279 Circular reasoning, logical fallacy, 5
436 INDEX Citation APA, 126 128, 139, 405 406 CMS, 139, 389, 417 common knowledge, 140 141 fair use, 140 full, for book, 127, 128 full, for Web page, 127, 128 full, on reference slide, 321 general, 125 142 graphics, 139 140 guides, 121 142 in-text, for book, 126 127 in-text, for Web site, 139 in-text, on presentation slides, 321 long or block quotations, 126, 131 132, 139 MLA, 131 132 public domain, 140 quotations, 129 132 reasons for, 128 rules for, 138 139 style guides for, 136 143 when required, 128 136 Cite/sight/site, 279 280 Classmates composing e-mail to, 26 27 using AIM to communicate with, 32 Clause fragments, 78 Clauses, 248 250 dependent, 248 249, 250 251 independent, 248, 249 250 Clichés, elimination of, 202 Clustering, 352 CMS. See Chicago Manual of Style. Coherence, 216 of paragraph, 171 172, 174 180 Collaboration, Triple A s of, 215 Collective nouns, 225 plural, 225 singular, 225 College students, as audience, 51 College-level writing, 3 9 Colons, 270 271.com, 95 Web sites, evaluating as source, 113 Comma splices, 252, 287 288 Commands, 263 Commas, 265 269 and coordinating conjunctions, using to correct run-on, 253 and prepositional phrases, 269, 289 before introductory elements, 265 frequently misused, 268 269 in numbers, 278 in series, 266 unnecessary or missing, 288 290 with appositive phrases, 268 with city and state, 268 with dates, 268 with nonrestrictive elements, 266 267 with parenthetical elements, 267 268 with transitional elements, 267 Common Era (CE), 49, 275 Common knowledge, citation, 140 141 Common nouns, 224, 225 Commonly misspelled, misused words, 278 285 Companies, proper names of, capitalization, 275 Comparative adjectives, 231 Compare-contrast essays, 363 371 APA citation style, 389, 405 406 annotated example of, 406 412
INDEX 437 example of, 413 416 formats for, 368 370 point-by-point, 368 370 sample chart, 365 366 steps for getting started, 364 368 thesis statement, 370 371, 406 transitions in, 370 371 Venn diagram for, 364, 365 Compound words adjectives, use of hyphen with, 272 subjects, 243, 257, 259 260 verbs, 75 Computer Source, 107 Conclusions, 181, 189 194 audience appeal, 192 characteristics of, 190 191 echo, 191 of presentation, 321 322 options for, 191 194 referring to beginning in, 193 194 stating the so what, 192 Concrete language, 379 Conference on College Composition and Communication, 61, 66 Congressional Research Service, 110 Conjunctions, 233, 235 237 coordinating, 236 correlative, 236 FANBOYS acronym, 235 subordinating, 237 Conjunctive adverbs, 241 242, 270 Conscience/conscious, 280 Contact information, Kaplan University Writing Center, 66 Content, 216 of source, evaluation, 111 112, 114 Context, of presentation, 318 Conversion chart, Arabic to Roman numerals, 145 Coordinate adjectives, 231 use of comma with, 265 266 Coordinating conjunctions, 236 use of comma with, 265 Copyright law, 140 Correlative conjunctions, 236 Credibility, evaluating sources for, 103 Critical or evaluative essays, 373 378 annotated example of, 413 420 CMS citation style, 389, 417 common types, 374 375 example of, 416 424 how to write, 375 376 opinion statement, 375 organization plan for, 377 recommendations for, 377 378 thesis statement, 413 Critical reading, 6 9 Critical thinking skills, 3, 4 6, 7 Cross-referencing, 137 138 D Dashes, 271 272 creating with word-processing program, 271 Databases defined, 106 list of in Kaplan University library, 107 109 Days of week, capitalization of, 80 81 Declarative sentences, 263 Definition of essential term, use in introduction, 187 del.icio.us, 8 Demonstrative pronouns, 227 Dependent clauses, 248 249 Descriptive essays, 379 384, 424 annotated example of, 425 426 action words, 381
438 INDEX adjectives, 381 adverbs, 381 elements of, 379 381 example of, 426 427 how to approach, 383 384 three A s, 381 382 what to avoid, 382 Development, of paragraph, 170 Digg, 8 Direct questions, 264 Discussion board, 13 20 composing appropriate response on, 14 18 example of question and response, 15 17 how to respond to peers on, 19 20 how to use questioning on, 18 19 incorporating reading into responses, 18 Document improvement, 44 47 Dogpile.com, 109 Drafting, 44, 65 essay, 97 Drafting stage, role of thesis in, 68 Dramatization of scene, use in introduction, 187 188 E EBSCO Animals, 107 Echo, in conclusion, 191 Editing, 66, 194, 202 203 checklist for,203 essay, 73 83 phase of document improvement process, 46.edu, 95 Web site, evaluating as source, 114 Effect/affect, 278 Einstein, Albert, 11 12 Either/or reasoning, logical fallacy, 5 Elbow, Peter, 194 Electronic sources, citing, 139 ELL. See English Language Learners. E-mail composing to advisors and KU personnel, 24 26 composing to instructors, 21 24 composing to instructors, summary, 24 composing to other students, 26 27 etiquette, 21 27 Emig, Janet, 11 Emoticons, on AIM, 30 English Language Learners (ELL), 55, 57, 61 62 Kaplan University and, 70 71 Live Tutoring, 62, 84 85 One-on-One Consultation, 85 Personalized Language Plans, 61 62, 84 85 problematic sentence structure elements for, 73 83 program resources, list of, 84 86 specific resources, 62 support for, 67 86 Tutoring and Outreach Program, KUWC, 83 86 Workshop and Forum series, 62, 84, 85 86 ERIC, 107, 108 Essai, French term, 73 Essayer, French term, 73 Essays cause-effect analysis, 385 387 choosing topic, 37 compare-contrast, 363 371 components of, 167 194 critical or evaluative, 373 378
INDEX 439 derivation of term, 72 73 descriptive, 379 384 development, 159 204 different forms of, 347 432 drafting, 44, 166 167 editing, 73 83 elements of, 68 72 expository, 349 355 hexagonal, 92 93 persuasive, 357 361 preparing to write, 36 43 proofreading, 82 83 researching, outlining, and drafting, 97 revising, 83 sample, 389 432 sculpting, 46 writing in English, 68 72 Ethos, defined, 72 Etiquette e-mail, 21 27 on AIM, 30 31 Everyday/every day, 280 Examples, use in introduction, 186 Except/accept, 278 Exclamation marks, 263 264 Exercises, 286 293 answer keys, 293 296 common grammatical errors, 292 293, 295 296 errors in agreement, 286 287, 293 misused or missing commas, 290, 294 pronoun-antecedent agreement, 286 293 run-on sentences and comma splices, 287 288, 294 sentence fragment errors, 291 292, 295 subject-verb agreement, 286, 293 Expository essays, 349 355 annotated example of, 390 394 Associated Press (AP) citation style, 351, 389 audience for, 349 choosing a topic, 349 350 clustering, 352 conducting research, 350 351 example of, 394 396 freewriting, 352 listing, 352 outline for, 352 354 proofreading, 355 revising, 354 355 steps for writing, 349 355 thesis statement, 390 F Facebook, 208 as source, 115 Facts, as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 Fair use, 140 Fallacies, logical, 5 6 FANBOYS acronym, for conjunctions, 235, 253, 287 Faulty logic, avoiding, 5 6 Feedback, 217 Figurative language, 380 First person plural pronouns, 228 point of view, 261, 262 pronouns, 261, 262 where preferred, 207 Font, changing with Microsoft Word, 335 336 Font size, changing with Microsoft Word, 335 336
440 INDEX Footnotes, used with Chicago Manual of Style, 417, 421 Form correct for verbs, 79 80 trouble spots for verbs, 79 80 Formal and informal writing compared, 206 Formal outline, 166 detailed, example of, 153 155 not detailed, example of, 156 157 Formal writing, 205 examples of, 206 Format, 216 217 Formatting paper, with Microsoft Word, 325 346 slides, tips for, 320 321 Fractions, 277 Fragments, 77 78 in sentences, 250 251, 290 292 Freewriting, 352 as part of developing thesis, 163 164 defined, 104 Full citations, 126, 127 128 on reference slide, 321 Full stop, 263 Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 107 Fused sentence, 251 252 Future tenses, verb, 238 239 Future perfect, 239 Future perfect progressive, 239 Future progressive, 239 G Gao.gov, 110 General Education Literacies (GELs), 12 Generalization, logical fallacy, 6 Gerund phrases, 247 Google, 209 Google Books, 107 Google.com, 109.gov, 95 Web site, evaluating as source, 114 Government being critical of in essay, 72 research resources, 110 style guide, 139 Government Accountability Office, 110 Grading assignments of, 310 311, 312 expectations, 310 311 instructor s view, 312 understanding, 297 312 Grammar, 221 296 defined, 221 Grammatical mistakes, common, 285 296 Graphics, citing, 139 140 H Hanging indent, setting in Microsoft Word, 334 Headers, adding in Microsoft Word, 328 331 Health Source : Consumer Edition, 107 Health Source : Nursing/Academic Edition, 107 Helping verbs, 80, 238 used to indicate tense, 239 Hemingway, Ernest, 189 Hexagonal essay, 92 93 Higher order concerns (HOCs), 45 Holistic rubrics, 298, 299, 305
INDEX 441 Hybrid rubrics, 299, 302 302, 305, 306 309 Hyperbole, 380 Hyphens, 272 I Ibid, in footnote, Chicago Manual of Style, 421 IEEE. See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IM. See Instant message. Imagery, 379 Images compressing with Microsoft Word, 341 342 cropping with Microsoft Word, 342 343 inserting in Microsoft Word document, 339 343 moving in Microsoft Word documents, 342 Imply/infer, 280 281 Indefinite pronouns, 229, 257, 258 Indentation, setting, with Microsoft Word 331, 332 334 Independent clauses, 248, 249 250 colon with, 270 271 comma with, 265 Indirect questions, 264 Infer/imply, 280 281 Infinitive phrases, 248 Informal and formal writing compared, 206 Informal language, 52 Informal writing, 305 examples of, 206 Information, currency of on Web site, 114 Instant message (IM), 30 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), style guide of, 137, 139 Instructors composing e-mail to, 21 24 using AIM to communicate with, 31 32 Interjections, 242 Internet search engines, 94 95 searches, 109 110 sources, evaluating, 112 113, 114 115 using for research, 105 110 Interrogative pronouns, 227 In-text citations, 126 127 on presentation slides, 321 Intransitive verbs, 245 Introductions, 181 189 characteristics of, 182 183 defining essential term, 187 dramatization of scene, 187 188 establishment of issue, 183 184 of presentation, 319 options for, 183 189 pose one or more questions, 184 use of attention-grabbing statement, 185 186 use of examples in, 186 use of narrative in, 185 use of quotation in, 188 189 use of shocking statement or statistic, 189 Introductory elements, comma usage and, 265 Irregular verbs, 238
442 INDEX Isolation in online environment, tools to combat, 32 Italics, formatting text in, 336 Its/it s, 281 J Journal, keeping while reading, 91 92 K Kaplan University, 67, 84, 85, 122, 124, 221 and Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC), 11 12 approach to ELL writers, 70 71 Career Resource Center, 59 composing e-mail to advisors at, 24 26 composing e-mail to instructors at, 21 24 composing e-mail to other students at, 26 27 composing e-mail to personnel of, 24 26 instructors, using AIM to communicate with, 31 32 library, 104, 105, 106 109, 120 library orientation tutorial, 106 Online Library, 65 plagiarism policy, 122 125 procedures for processing charges of plagiarism, 124 125 sanctions for plagiarism, 124 use of discussion boards in courses at, 13 20 using AIM at, 29 32 Kaplan University Writing Center (KUWC), 67, 70, 74, 77 contact information, 66 ELL tutoring and Outreach program, 83 86 Live Tutoring, 211, 222 Paper Service, 211 resources, 55 66 services for brainstorming, 65 services for drafting, 65 services for editing, 66 services for prewriting, 65 services for publication, 66 services for revising, 65 Web site, 57, 58, 60, 62, 64 when to use services, 64 66 Key word/phrase repetition, as aid to coherence, 178 179 Key words, identifying for research, 102 KU. See Kaplan University. KUWC. See Kaplan University Writing Center. L Language effective use of, 209 210 informal, 52 Lay/lie, 281 Library, Kaplan University, 104, 105, 106 109 Linking verbs, 237, 245, 246 Links, currency of on Web site, 114 LISTA (Library, Information Science, & Technology Abstracts), 108 Listing ideas, 352 Listservs, evaluating as source, 113 Live Tutoring service, KUWC, 55, 57, 58, 104, 211 as part of Writing Fundamentals program, 64 for brainstorming and prewriting, 65
INDEX 443 or English language learners, 62 for use in drafting, 65 for use in editing, 66 for use in revising, 66 Logic faulty, 5 6 Logical fallacies, types of, 5 6 Logos, defined, 72 Loose/lose, 282 M Mapping method, of note taking, 115, 118 119 Margins, setting in Microsoft Word, 326 MAS Ultra -School Edition, 108 MasterFILE Premier, 108 Mechanics, 216, 221 296 Metacognition, 92 Metacrawler.com, 110 Metaphors, 380 as strategy for appealing to reader, 70 Microsoft Power Point, 313 creating presentations with, 315 324 predesigned templates, 320 slide printouts, 324 tips for formatting slides, 320 321 using notes, 323 324 Microsoft Word, 8, 116, 117, 120, 313, 325 346 adding headers, 328 331 centering text on page, 326 326 changing font and font size, 335 336 compressing images, 341 342 creating outline with, 146 cropping images, 342 343 formatting text, 336 inserting images with, 339 343 inserting page break and page numbers, 329 331 moving images with, 342 online help, 346 saving documents, 339 setting alignment, 326 328 setting indentation, 334 setting margins, 326 setting spacing, 331 333 Spelling and Grammar checker, 337 339 Track Changes and Comments feature, 325, 343 345 Middle Search Plus, 108 Mind-mapping, 39 Modern Language Association (MLA), 117, 139 citation, example, 137 138, 139 citation, for long or block quotation, 131 132 citation style, 405, 406 citation style, for persuasive essay, 389, 396 in-text citation, example, 126 style guide, 121, 126, 138 Modifying adjectives, 230 Months of year, capitalization of, 80 MSN.com, 110 N Narrative, use in introduction, 185 National Center for Health, 110 National Library of Medicine, 108.net, 95 Netiquette, defined, 23 Newsgroups, evaluating as source, 113 Newspaper Source, 108
444 INDEX Non sequitur, logical fallacy, 6 Nonrestrictive elements, comma usage and, 266 267 Note card method, of note taking, 115, 117 Note cards, for presentation, 323 324 Note taking as part of research, 102 103 methods, 115 120 pyramid notes, 90 Notebook method, of note taking, 115, 116 117 Notes feature, Microsoft Power Point, 323 Nouns categories of, 223 224 collective, 225 common, 224, 225 irregular plural, possessive, 81 parts of speech, 223 225 possessive, 81 proper, 224, 225 proper, capitalization of, 80 81 Numbers commas in, 278 spelled out vs. numerals, 277 278 O Object, of sentence, 74 Old Man and the Sea, 189 Online learning, advantages and challenges, 22 Online learning community, 32 Online libraries, 164 165 Online reading habits, 94 95 Online search, conducting for research, 105 110 Onomatopoeia, 381 Opencrs.com, 110 Opinions, as strategy for appealing to reader, 70.org, 95 Web site, evaluating as source, 114 Organization, 216 Outlines based on brainstorming exercise, 41 43 benefits of creating, 143 144 creation process, 148 150 deciding on content, 146 148 developing, 103 example of formal detailed, 153 155 examples of, 153 158 for expository essay, 352 354 for presentation, 323 formal, 145 146, 148, 166 formal, not detailed, 156 157 how to format, 144 145 informal, 146 parallel structure of, 148 possible subtopics in, 147 postdraft, 148, 150 153 postdraft, analysis, 151 152 postdraft, example of, 157 158 use of Roman numerals, 145 Outlining, 97, 143 158, 166 as aspect of reading critically, 8 method of note taking, 115, 118 Oxford, style guide, 139 P Page, centering text on with Microsoft Word, 326 327 Page break, inserting with Microsoft Word, 327 328 Page numbers, inserting with Microsoft Word, 328, 329 331
INDEX 445 Paper Review service, KUWC, 55, 57, 58, 64, 86, 211 for use in drafting, 65 for use in editing, 66 for use in revising, 65 Paragraphing, checklist for, 180 Paragraphs coherence, 171 173, 174 180 development of, 169 173 parallel structure, 179 180 unity, 169 170 Parallel structure, of paragraph, 179 180 Parallelism, items in a series, 260 261 Paraphrasing, 132 134 and summarizing compared, 134 136 examples of acceptable and unacceptable, 133 134 guidelines for avoiding plagiarism, 132 133 Parenthetical elements, comma usage and, 267 268 Participial phrases, 247 248 Parts of speech, 223 244 adjectives, 223, 230 233 adverbs, 223, 240 242 conjunctions, 223, 235 237 interjections, 223, 242 nouns, 223 225 prepositions, 223, 233 235 pronouns, 223, 226 229 verbs, 223, 237 240 Passed/past, 282 Passive voice, where preferred, 207 Past participle verb form, 237, 238 Past tenses, verb, 79 80, 238 239 Past perfect, 239 Past perfect progressive, 239 Past progressive, 239 Past simple, 79, 80 Past verb form, 237, 238 Pathos, defined, 72 Peer reviews, 213 219 benefits, 214 215 defined, 213 214 examples of, 217 218 goals and purposes, 214 process of, 216 218 revising after, 218 219 why use, 213 216 People, capitalization of titles, 274 275 Perfect tenses, verb, 239 Periods, 263 using to correct run-on, 252 Personal pronouns, 81 82, 227 Personalized language plans, for English language learners, 61 62 Personification, 380 Persuasion, versus argumentation, 357 Persuasive claims, supporting, 359 360 Persuasive essays, 357 361 annotated example of, 397 401 example of, 402 405 how to approach writing, 358 359 MLA citation style, 389, 396 plan for writing, 361 Rogerian strategy for, 360 361 Persuasive writing, 358 Phrase fragment, 78 Phrases absolute, 248 appositive, 248 gerund, 247 in sentences, 246 248
446 INDEX infinitive, 248 participial, 247 248 prepositional, 233 235, 246 247 verbal, 247 Places, proper names of, capitalization, 275 Plagiarism defined, 122 guidelines for, 104 guidelines for avoiding when paraphrasing, 132 133 policy, Kaplan University, 122 125 procedures for processing charges of, 124 125 sanctions for, at Kaplan University, 124 self, 125 PLP. See ELL Personalized Language Plan. Plural collective nouns, 225 Plural nouns irregular, possessive, 81 using apostrophe with, 273 Plural present verbs, 257 Plural subjects, 79, 257, 259 Plural verbs, 256, 258, 259 Point of view, 261 262 first person, 261 second person, 261, 262 third person, 262 Possessive irregular plural nouns, 81 Possessive nouns, 81 Possessive pronouns, 82 apostrophes with, 273 Post hoc, logical fallacy, 6 Postdraft outline, 148, 150 153, 196 analyzing, 151 152 example of, 157 158 Predicate adjectives, 230 Predicates (verbs), of sentence, 244 245 Prefixes, use of hyphen with, 272 Preparation checklist, for presentation, 322 Preparation stage content creation phase, 37 39 of writing process, 36 43 organization of content phase, 40 43 phases of, 36 43 planning phase, 36 37 Prepositional phrases, 246 247 and commas, 269, 289 Prepositions, 233 235 eliminating as part of revision, 199 200 Present tenses, verb, 238 239 Present perfect, 239 Present perfect progressive, 239 Present progressive, 239 Presentations audience for, 315 316 body of, 319 321 conclusion, 321 322 context, 318 creating with Microsoft Power- Point, 315 324 introduction, 319 note cards for, 323 324 outline for, 323 preparation checklist, 322 purpose of, 317 318 script for, 323 topic for, 316 317 using notes, 323 324 Previewing, as aspect of reading critically, 7 8 Prewriting, 36, 65, 68
INDEX 447 Primary research, 99 100 Primary Search, 108 Principal/principle, 283 Professional Development Collection, 108 Progressive tenses, 239 240 Promotional material, on Web site, 114 Pronoun-antecedent agreement, 228, 254 256, 285 287 exercise, 286 Pronoun references, 227 228 examining as part of revision, 201 Pronouns, 81 82, 226 229, 254 256 demonstrative, 227 different types of, 227 first person, 261, 262 first person plural, 228 indefinite, 229, 257, 258 interrogative, 227 personal, 81 82, 227 possessive, 82, 273 reflexive, 82, 227 relative, 227 second person, 228, 261, 262 singular indefinite, 255 third person, 262 trouble spots with, 81 82 Proofreading, 204 essay, 82 83 expository essay, 355 phase of document improvement process, 47 Proper names, capitalization of, 275 Proper nouns, 224, 225 capitalization of, 80 81 ProQuest Criminal Justice Periodicals Index, 108 Public domain, 140 Publication, 66 PubMed, 108 Punctuation, 263 273 apostrophe, 263, 272 273 colon, 263, 270 271 comma, 263, 265 269 dash, 263, 271 272 exclamation mark, 263 264 hyphen, 263, 272 period, 263 question mark, 263 264 semicolon, 263, 269 270 Pyramid notes, 90 Q Q&A service, KUWC, 55, 57, 58, 66, 77, 86, Queen s English, 221 Question marks, 264 Questions direct, 264 indirect, 264 to ask before starting writing project, 50 Quintillian, 49 Quotations citation for, 129 132 in introduction, 188 189 long or block, 131 132 R Reading annotating as strategy, 88 89 critically, 6 9 online, 94 95 strategies for, 87 96 Reading journal, 91 92 Reading responses, 92 94 Reading skills, 3 Red herring, logical fallacy, 6
448 INDEX Reddit, 8 Reference Library tutorials, KUWC, 55, 57, 59 60 for use in drafting, 65 for use in editing, 66 for use in revising, 65 References page, formatting, 334 Reflexive pronouns, 82, 227 Regional Business News, 109 Regular verbs, 237 Relative pronouns, 227 Research, 99 120 conducting online search, 105 110 deciding on topic, 101 102 primary, 99 100 process, 99 purpose of, 102 secondary, 99 100 sources for, 100 types of, 99 100 Research data, presenting, 321 Research plan, developing, 101 105 Research process, steps in, illustration of, 101 Research questions, posing, 165 Researching essay, 97 Resources, KUWC, 55 66 specific for English language learners, 62 Reviewing, as aspect of reading critically, 8 Reviews, peer, 213 219 Revising, 65, 194 202 after peer review, 218 219 essay, 83 questions to ask, 195 196 Revision counting words, 200 201 eliminating unnecessary prepositions, 199 200 elimination of clichés, 202 examining pronoun references as part of, 201 of expository essay, 354 355 phase of document improvement process, 45 seven steps for, 196 202 verb examination as part of, 197 199 Revision stage, role of thesis in, 68 69 Rhetoric, defined, 49 Rhetorical situation, defined, 49 Rogerian strategy, 360 361 Rogers, Carl, 360 Roman numerals list of, 145 use in outline, 145 Rubrics, 298 312 analytic, 298, 300 301, 305, 309 holistic, 298, 299, 305, 309 how instructors use, 305 309 how students can use, 310 hybrid, 299, 302 304, 305, 306 309 Run-on sentences, 251 253, 287 288 S SAE. See Standard American English. Saving documents, in Microsoft Word, 339 Screen name, choosing appropriate, on AIM, 30 Script, for presentation, 323 Search engines, Internet, 94 95, 109 110 Search-and-find reading method, for online reading, 94 Seasons, of year, capitalization of, 81 Second person
INDEX 449 point of view, 261, 262 pronouns, 228, 261, 262 Secondary research, 99 100 Self-plagiarism, defined, 125 Semicolons, 269 270 using to correct run-on, 253 Sentences capitalization of, 275 clauses in, 248 250 complete, 77 78 construction of, 243 253 declarative, 263 fragments, 78, 250 251 fused, 251 252 object of, 74 phrases in, 246 248 position of adjectives in, 75 76 position of adverbs in, 74 75 run-ons, 251 253 structure, elements problematic for English language learners, 73 83 subject of, 73 subject verb object order, 73 74 subjects, 243 244 topic, 167 168 trouble spots with, 78 use of comma in, 265 270 use of exclamation mark, 263 264 use of period at end, 263 use of question mark, 264 use of verbs in, 74, 244 246 Series parallelism, 260 261 use of comma with, 266 Seven steps for easy revision, 196 202 Shocking statement or statistic, use in introduction, 189 Sight/cite/site, 279 280 Signal words, 130 131 Signposts, 174 Similes, 380 Simple tenses, verb, 238 Simple present, 79, 80 Singular collective nouns, 225 Singular indefinite pronouns, 255 Singular nouns, using apostrophe with, 273 Singular subjects, 79, 257 Singular verbs, 256, 257, 258 Skill, reading, 3 Skills, critical thinking, 3 Slang, 52 Slide printouts, Microsoft Power- Point, 324 Slippery slope, logical fallacy, 6 So what, stating in conclusion, 192 Social bookmarking sites, 8 Sources checklist for evaluation, 114 115 electronic, citing, 139 evaluating, 103, 110 115 identifying for research, 102 Spacing, setting with Microsoft Word, 331 333 Spelling, 221 226 Spelling and Grammar checker, in Microsoft Word, 328, 337 339 Standard American English (SAE), 51 52, 67, 68, 83, 84, 221, 222, 238, 254, 285 writing an essay in, 68 72 Strategies for reading, 87 96 for studying, 87 88 Strategies for Success, 8, 14, 22, 37, 43, 46, 51 52, 69 70, 104, 105, 164 165, 209, 214 215, 221, 222, 311 312, 325, 339, 345 346 Straw man, logical fallacy, 6
450 INDEX Study group, 211 using AIM with, 32 Study habits, importance of, 87 88 Studying, making time for, 8 Stumbleupon, 8 Style, 205 210 developing own, 208 210 Style guides for citation, 136 143 online resources, list of, 138 139 Subject verb object (SVO) order, 73 74, 78 Subjects compound, 257, 259 260 of sentence, 74, 243 244, 256 plural, 79, 257, 259 singular, 79, 257, 258, 259 Subject-verb agreement, 79, 256 259, 285 287 compound subjects, 259 260 exercise, 286 Subordinate clauses, 290 292 Subordinating conjunctions, 237 using to correct run-on, 253 Summarizing, 134 136 and paraphrasing compared, 134 136 as aspect of reading critically, 8 Superlative adjective, 231, 232 SVO. See Subject verb object. T Techniques for using correct word forms, 76 77 to check for sentence accuracy, 77 78 Technology, writing, 313 Teens, as audience, 51 Templates, predesigned, in Microsoft Power Point, 320 Tense shift, example of, 240 Tense switching, 79 Tenses, verbs correct for verbs, 79 80 future, 238 future perfect, 239 future perfect progressive, 239 future progressive, 239 past, 238 past perfect, 239 past perfect progressive, 239 past progressive, 239 past simple, 79, 80 perfect, 239 present, 238 present perfect, 239 present perfect progressive, 239 present progressive, 239 progressive, 239 240 simple present, 79, 80 trouble spots for verbs, 79 80 verb, 79, 238 240 Than/then, 283 Their/there, 283 Thesis drafting working, 163 165 element of writing, 68 preliminary research for, 164 three-point, 160 161 Thesis statement, 68 69, 70, 159 163 approaches to constructing, 160 characteristics of effective, 161 163 critical or evaluative essay, 413 in expository essay, 390 in persuasive essay, 397
INDEX 451 Thinking, critically, 3, 4 6 Third person point of view, 262 pronouns, 262 Three-point thesis, 160 161 Time, management of, 14 Timeline, as part of research plan, 103 Timeliness, of source, evaluating, 111, 114 Tips, for targeting audience, 51 Title, capitalization of, 274 Titles, of people, capitalization of, 274 275 To be, eliminating verb form in revision, 197 198 To have, eliminating verb form in revision, 198 To/too/two, 284 Topic, selecting for presentation, 316 317 Topic sentences, 167 168 TOPICsearch, 109 Track Changes and Comments feature, in Microsoft Word, 343 345 Transitional elements, comma usage and, 267 Transitional expressions, 174 177 example of use in paragraph, 174 175 examples of, 175 177 Transitions. See Transitional expressions. Transitive verbs, 245 Tutors, KUWC, services provided by, 56, 57, 58 59 Two/to/too, 284 Two-column reading response, 92, 93 94 U U.S. Census Bureau, 110 Underline, text selection, in Microsoft Word, 336 Unity, as element of paragraph, 169 User, on AIM, 30 V Venn diagram, compare-contrast, 364, 365 Verb examination, as part of revision, 197 199 Verb forms, 237 trouble spots, 79 80 Verb tenses, 79 80, 238 240. See also Tenses, verb. Verbal phrases, 247 Verbs, 237 240, 244 246 action, 237, 245 auxiliary, 80 base, 237, 238 correct tense and form for, 79 80 helping, 80, 238 in sentence, 256 intransitive, 245 irregular, 238 linking, 237, 245, 246 main, of sentence, 74 past, 237, 238 past participle, 237, 238 plural, 256, 258, 259 plural present, 257 regular, 237 singular, 256, 257, 258 transitive, 245 Versioning, 345 346 Vocabulary choices, affect on essay appeal, 70
452 INDEX Vocational & Career Collection, 109 Voice, 205 210 developing own, 208 210 difference from style, 207 W WAC. See Writing Across the Curriculum. Weather/whether, 284 Web addresses, 95 Web page, APA full citation for, 127, 128 Web site, in-text citation when author listed, 139 Webbing, 39 Week, days of, capitalization of, 80 Were/where, 284 Wikipedia, 95 Wikis, 95 as reading journal, 91 evaluating as source, 113, 115 Word counting, as part of revision, 200 201 Word families, 76 77 Word forms, correct, 76 77 Word order, correct, 73 74 Word processing, 313 Words commonly misspelled, misused, 278 285 making every one count, 43 owning your own, 36 Words from Writers, 12, 36, 39, 71, 170 171, 193, 213, 216, 222, 219, 226, 229, 315, 317 318 Working thesis, drafting, 163 165 Workshop and Forum series, for English language learners, 62 Workshops, KUWC, 55, 57, 60 61 Writer s block, dealing with, 38 39 Writing academic, 3 as exposure, 71 as part of college education, 1 as process, 72 73 college-level, 3 9 elements of, 68 flexibly, 12 formal, 205 in college, 1 informal, 205 206 Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC), 11 12 Writing Coach service, KUWC, 55, 57, 62 63 Writing Fundamentals program, KUWC, 55, 57, 63 64 Writing process, 35 47 document improvement stage, 44 47 nuts and bolts, introduction, 33 preparation stage, 36 43 stages of, 36 Writing project questions to ask before starting, 50 tips for targeting audience, 51 Writing samples, identifying for different audiences, 52 53 Writing technology, 313 346 Y Yahoo!, 110, 209 Year months of, capitalization of, 80 seasons of, capitalization of, 81 Your/you re, 285