THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE general editor Brian Gibbons associate general editor A. R. Braunmuller, University of California, Los Angeles From the publication of the first volumes in 1984 the General Editor of the New Cambridge Shakespeare was Philip Brockbank and the Associate General Editors were Brian Gibbons and Robin Hood. From 1990 to 1994 the General Editor was Brian Gibbons and the Associate General Editors were A. R. Braunmuller and Robin Hood. PERICLES, PRINCE OF TYRE Over the last two decades there has been a resurgence of theatrical interest in Shakespeare s Pericles, which has been rescued from comparative neglect and is now frequently performed. This development is charted in the Introduction to this edition, which differs radically from any other currently available. Doreen DelVecchio and Antony Hammond reject the current orthodoxies: that the text is seriously corrupt and that the play is of divided authorship. They show how the 1609 quarto has features in common with the first quarto of King Lear, nowwidely regarded as being based on Shakespeare s manuscript. Likewise they regard the arguments concerning divided authorship as unproven and misleading. Instead they show the play to be a unified aesthetic experience. The result is a view of Pericles far more enthusiastic than that of other editors.
THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE All s Well That Ends Well, edited by Russell Fraser Antony and Cleopatra, edited by David Bevington As You Like It, edited by Michael Hattaway The Comedy of Errors,editedbyT.S.Dorsch Coriolanus, edited by Lee Bliss Cymbeline, edited by Martin Butler Hamlet, edited by Philip Edwards Julius Caesar, edited by Marvin Spevack King Edward III, edited by Giorgio Melchiori TheFirstPartofKingHenryIV, edited by Herbert Weil and Judith Weil The Second Part of King Henry IV, edited by Giorgio Melchiori King Henry V, edited by Andrew Gurr TheFirstPartofKingHenryVI, edited by Michael Hattaway The Second Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway The Third Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway King Henry VIII, edited by John Margeson King John,editedbyL.A.Beaurline The Tragedy of King Lear, edited by Jay L. Halio King Richard II, edited by Andrew Gurr King Richard III, edited by Janis Lull Love s Labour s Lost, edited by William C. Carroll Macbeth, edited by A. R. Braunmuller Measure for Measure, edited by Brian Gibbons The Merchant of Venice,editedbyM.M.Mahood The Merry Wives of Windsor, edited by David Crane A Midsummer Night s Dream, edited by R. A. Foakes Much Ado About Nothing,editedbyF.H.Mares Othello, edited by Norman Sanders Pericles, edited by Doreen DelVecchio and Antony Hammond The Poems,editedbyJohnRoe Romeo and Juliet, edited by G. Blakemore Evans The Sonnets, edited by G. Blakemore Evans The Taming of the Shrew, edited by Ann Thompson The Tempest, edited by David Lindley Timon of Athens,editedbyKarlKlein Titus Andronicus, edited by Alan Hughes Troilus and Cressida, edited by Anthony B. Dawson Twelfth Night, edited by Elizabeth Story Donno The Two Gentlemen of Verona, edited by Kurt Schlueter The Two Noble Kinsmen, edited by Robert Kean Turner and Patricia Tatspaugh The Winter s Tale, edited by Susan Snyder and Deborah T. Curren-Aquino the early quartos The First Quarto of Hamlet, edited by Kathleen O. Irace The First Quarto of King Henry V, edited by Andrew Gurr The First Quarto of King Lear, edited by Jay L. Halio The First Quarto of King Richard III, edited by Peter Davison The First Quarto of Othello, edited by Scott McMillin The First Quarto of Romeo and Juliet, edited by Lukas Erne The Taming of a Shrew: The 1594 Quarto, edited by Stephen Roy Miller
PERICLES, PRINCE OF TYRE Edited by DOREEN DELVECCHIO ANTONY HAMMOND
University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. Information on this title: /9780521297103 C Cambridge University Press 1998 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1998 Reprinted 2006 3rd printing 2010 969th printing 2015 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Shakespeare, William, 1564 1616. (Pericles) Pericles, Prince of Tyre / edited by Doreen DelVecchio, Antony Hammond. p. cm. (New Cambridge Shakespeare) Includes bibliographical references. isbn 978 0 521 22907 4 (hardback) isbn 978 0 521 29710 3 (paperback) 1. Princes Lebanon Tyre Drama. i. DelVecchio, Doreen. ii. Hammond,Antony. iii.title. iv. Series: Shakespeare, William, 1564 1616. Works. 1984. Cambridge University Press. pb2830. a2d45 1998 822.3 3 dc21 97-1358 cip isbn 978-0-521-22907-4 Hardback isnb 978-0-521-29710-3 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
CONTENTS List of illustrations page vi Preface and acknowledgements vii List of abbreviations and conventions ix Introduction 1 Date 1 Sources 1 Authorship 8 Performance and reception 15 The play 27 Note on the text 79 List of characters 82 The Play 85 Supplementary notes 194 Textual analysis 197 Reading list 211 v
ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Map of the eastern Mediterranean facing page 1 2 Genius and Amans, from Gower s Confessio Amantis,BLMS. Egerton 1991 fol. 7 v (by permission of the British Library) page 4 3 Marina s tomb (Act 4, Scene 4), in Nugent Monck s 1947 production at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (Shakespeare Centre Library) 19 4 Gower as calypso singer (Edric Connor) in Tony Richardson s 1958 production at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (Shakespeare Centre Library) 21 5 Pericles and Thaisa (Ian Richardson and Susan Fleetwood) begin their dance (Act 2, Scene 3) in Terry Hands s 1969 production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre (Shakespeare Centre Library) 22 6 Gower (Emrys James) as a Welsh bard in Terry Hands s 1969 production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre (by permission of Reg Wilson) 23 7 Simultaneous staging in Act 3 in Phyllida Lloyd s production, Royal National Theatre, 1994 (by permission of Ivan Kyncl) 26 8 The theophany in Act 5, Scene 1, in Phyllida Lloyd s production, Royal National Theatre, 1994 (by permission of Ivan Kyncl) 26 9 Gower s tomb and monument in Southwark Cathedral 28 10 As yon grim looks do testify (Prologue 40); a conjectural reconstruction of Act 1, Scene 1, byc. WalterHodges 39 11 A conjectural reconstruction of the original staging of the theophany by C. Walter Hodges 40 12 Rachel Kempson as Dioniza, showing what a Wicked Queen should look like, in Tony Richardson s 1958 production at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (Shakespeare Centre Library) 41 13 The impresa scene (Act 2, Scene 2): Thaisa (Sally Edwards) on the stairs between upper and lower stage, Simonides (Russell Dixon) enthroned aloft, in David Thacker s 1989 production at the Swan (Shakespeare Centre Library) 43 14 The resuscitation of Thaisa (Act 3, Scene 2) in Ron Daniels s 1979 production at The Other Place: Clyde Pollitt as Cerimon, Emily Richard as Thaisa (Shakespeare Centre Library) 58 15 Antiochus (Morgan Sheppard) orates over the enigmatical mask of the Daughter: Act 1, Scene 1, in Terry Hands s 1969 production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre (by permission of Reg Wilson) 66 16 Griffith Jones as Gower in Ron Daniels s 1979 production at The Other Place (Shakespeare Centre Library) 74 vi
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When we first proposed editing Pericles for the New Cambridge Shakespeare, our enthusiasm for it had been fired by a flawed but generally remarkably successful production at the Stratford Festival in Ontario. Though both of us had been teaching Shakespeare at McMaster University, in neither of our courses had Pericles played a large role. It was something of an overwhelming experience for us, then, to find it as stunningly successful a play for the stage as the Stratford production proved. This led us to propose to break a lance for it in our edition, and so we began our work from a radically different point of view from that of many editors of the play, whose first reaction to the task seems to have been Oh, dear. Because our mind-set was enthusiastic, we found ourselves questioning the received view of the 1609 quarto as essentially corrupt, and far less convinced than most of our colleagues about the theory that the play was a work of collaboration. We feel pleased that our several years work on the play has dulled neither our conviction of its dramatic and literary merits, nor our suspicion of the hostile and disintegrative views of its text. Our edition, we feel, should therefore begin with a mandatory Government Health Warning: This edition of Pericles may be harmful to your prejudices. We have done what no other editor has done: we have tried to trust the text and to respect the integrity of the play. As a consequence, our edition differs in hundreds of readings from other editions on the market, and we hope it will prove a refreshing change. We have incurred some pleasant debts in the course of our work. First and greatest, we owe much to the wit and wisdom of Professor A. R. Braunmuller, the most generous, conscientious, and helpful of General Editors. Brian Gibbons, General Editor of the series has likewise been most helpful, and we would also like to record our appreciation of the care and support of Sarah Stanton and the CUP publishing team. We express gratitude to that most civilised research library, the Shakespeare Centre in Stratford-upon-Avon, and especially to Sylvia Morris there. We are grateful to the Royal National Theatre for help with the photographs of their production, and to the Archive of the Stratford Festival in Ontario for permitting us to see the videotapes of their productions. Professor Ann Savage of the English Department at McMaster University was enormously helpful to us on the thorny matter of the archaisms in Gower s language. We also are most obliged to Verena Bühler of the Englisches Seminar, Universität Zürich for assisting us to obtain a microfilm of the unique Zürich copy of Wilkins s Painfull Aduentures. Antony Hammond records his gratitude to Trevor Howard-Hill for inviting him to read a paper to the Society for Textual Scholarship on The perils of Pericles, and to the Arts Research Board of McMaster University for their partial funding of his visit to New York. vii
ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS Shakespeare s plays, when cited in this edition, are abbreviated in a style modified slightly from that used in the Harvard Concordance to Shakespeare. Other editions of Shakespeare are abbreviated under the editor s surname (Malone, Hoeniger) unless they are the work of more than one editor; in such cases an abbreviated series name is used (Cam., Oxford). When more than one edition by the same editor is cited, the later editions are identified by a superscript numeral (Rowe 2 ). All quotations from Shakespeare, except those from Pericles, use the text and lineation of The Riverside Shakespeare, text ed. G. Blakemore Evans, 1974. 1. Shakespeare s plays Ado Ant. AWW AYLI Cor. Cym. Err. Ham. 1H4 2H4 H5 1H6 2H6 3H6 H8 JC John LLL Lear Mac. MM MND MV Oth. Per. R2 R3 Rom. Shr. STM Temp. TGV Tim. Much Ado About Nothing Antony and Cleopatra All s Well That Ends Well As You Like It Coriolanus Cymbeline The Comedy of Errors Hamlet The First Part of King Henry the Fourth The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth King Henry the Fifth The First Part of King Henry the Sixth The Second Part of King Henry the Sixth The Third Part of King Henry the Sixth King Henry the Eighth Julius Caesar King John Love s Labour s Lost King Lear Macbeth Measure for Measure Midsummer Night s Dream The Merchant of Venice Othello Pericles King Richard the Second King Richard the Third Romeo and Juliet The Taming of the Shrew Sir Thomas More The Tempest The Two Gentlemen of Verona Timon of Athens ix
Pericles x Tit. TN TNK Tro. Wiv. WT Titus Andronicus Twelfth Night The Two Noble Kinsmen Troilus and Cressida The Merry Wives of Windsor The Winter s Tale 2. Editions, adaptations, works of reference, and periodicals Abbott E. A. Abbott, A Shakespearian Grammar, rev. edn, 1870 (references are to numbered paragraphs) Alexander William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, ed. Peter Alexander, 1951 Anatomy Northrop Frye,Anatomy of Criticism, 1957 Arber A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London 1554 1640 A. D., ed. Edward Arber, 1875 1894 BCP The Book of Common Prayer Boswell The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare, ed. James Boswell, 21 vols., 1821 Bullen The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. A. H. Bullen, 10 vols., 1904 7 Bullough Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare, ed. Geoffrey Bullough, 8 vols., vol. vi, 1966 c. circa Cam. The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. W. G. Clark, J. Glover, and W. A. Wright, 10 vols., 1863 8 (The Cambridge Shakespeare) CA JohnGower,ConfessioAmantis,Bookviii(inBullough, pp. 375 423) Collier The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. J. P. Collier, 9 vols., 1844, 1842 53 Collier 2 The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. J. P. Collier, 8 vols., 1853 Companion Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor, William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion, 1987 conj. conjectured corr. corrected Crown G. Wilson Knight, The Crown of Life [1947] 1948 Deighton Pericles, ed. K. Deighton, 1907 (first Arden Shakespeare) Delius Shakspere s Werke, ed. Nicolaus Delius, 7 vols., 1854 61 Dent R. W. Dent, Shakespeare s Proverbial Language: An Index, 1981 Dryden The Works of John Dryden, ed. E. N. Hooker et al., 1956 Dyce The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Alexander Dyce, 6 vols., 1857 edn edition Edwards Pericles Prince of Tyre, ed. Philip Edwards, 1976 (New Penguin Shakespeare) Ellacombe Henry Ellacombe, The Plant-Lore and Garden Craft of Shakespeare, 1884 ELR Ewbank English Literary Renaissance Inga-Stina Ewbank: My name is Marina : the language of recognition, in Philip Edwards, Inga-Stina Ewbank, G. K. Hunter (eds.) Shakespeare s Styles: Essays in Honour of Kenneth Muir, 1980, pp. 111 30.
xi Abbreviations and conventions PPA f3 Mr. William Shakespear s Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, 1663 4 (Third Folio) f4 Mr. William Shakespear s Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, 1685 (Fourth Folio) Falconer Alexander Frederick Falconer, Shakespeare and the Sea, 1964 Farmer Richard Farmer, An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare, 1767 Globe The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. W. G. Clark and W. A. Wright, 1864 (the Globe edition) Herford and C. H. Herford and Percy Simpson, Ben Jonson, 11 vols., 1925 52 Simpson Hoeniger Pericles, ed. F. D. Hoeniger, 1963 (Arden Shakespeare) Hudson The Works of Shakespeare, ed. H. N. Hudson, 11 vols., 1851 6 Knight Comedies, Histories, Tragedies and Poems of William Shakespeare, ed. Charles Knight, 12 vols., 1842 4 Last Phase Derek Traversi, Shakespeare: The Last Phase, 1955 Long John H. Long, Shakespeare s Use of Music: The Final Comedies, 1961 Lucr. William Shakespeare, The Rape of Lucrece (in Riverside) Malone Supplement to the Johnson Steevens Plays of William Shakespeare 1778, ed. E. Malone, 1780 Malone 2 The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare, ed. E. Malone, 10 vols., 1790 Marlowe The Complete Works of Christopher Marlowe, ed. Fredson Bowers, 2nd edn, 1981 Mason J.M.Mason,Comments on the Last Edition of Shakespeare s Plays, 1785, rev. edn, 1807 National 1994 The (Royal) National Theatre, Londonproductionof1994 Natural Perspective Northrop Frye, A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance, 1965 N&Q Notes and Queries NCS New Cambridge Shakespeare NS Pericles, ed. J. C. Maxwell, 1956 (The New Shakespeare) NT The New Testament Onions C. T. Onions, A Shakespeare Glossary, 1911, rev. edn, 1953 OED The Oxford English Dictionary on Compact Disc. Second edn, ed. J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, 1992 Oxford William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, Original-Spelling Edition, ed. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor, 1986 PA George Wilkins, The Painfull Aduentures of Pericles Prince of Tyre, 1608 PBSA Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America Percy Bishop Thomas Percy, who contributed a number of conjectured readings to the Steevens editions Peterson Douglas L. Peterson, Time, Tide and Tempest: A Study of Shakespeare s Romances, 1973 Laurence Twine, The Patterne of Painefull Adventures, c. 1594, rpt 1607 (in Bullough, pp. 423 82) q, q1 The Late, and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1609 (STC 22334) (first quarto) q2 The Late, and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1609 (STC 22335) (second quarto)
Pericles xii q3 The Late, and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1611 (STC 22336) (third quarto) q4 The Late, and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1619 (STC 26101) (fourth quarto) q5 The Late, and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1630 (STC 22337) (fifth quarto) q6 The Late, and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1635 (STC 22339) (sixth quarto) r recto (the right-hand page when a book is opened) Ridley Pericles, ed. M. R. Ridley, 1935 (New Temple Shakespeare) Riverside The Riverside Shakespeare, text ed. G. Blakemore Evans, 1974 Round Pericles, ed. P. Z. Round, 1890 Rowe The Works of Mr. William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 6 vols., 1709 Rowe 2 The Works of Mr. William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 6 vols., 1709 Rowe 3 The Works of Mr. William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 9 vols., 1714 RSC 1947 Royal Shakespeare Company production of 1947 RSC 1958 Royal Shakespeare Company production of 1958 RSC 1969 Royal Shakespeare Company production of 1969 RSC 1979 Royal Shakespeare Company production of 1979 RSC 1989 Royal Shakespeare Company production of 1989 RES Review of English Studies Scott-Giles C. W. Scott-Giles, Shakespeare s Heraldry, 1950 Schanzer Pericles, ed. Ernest Schanzer, 1965 (Signet Shakespeare) Schmidt Alexander Schmidt, Shakespeare Lexicon: A Complete Dictionary, 4th edn, 2 vols., 1923 sd stage direction Sewell The Works of Shakespear, ed. George Sewell, 9 vols., 1728 (revised from Pope s edn) sh speech heading sig. signature(s) (printer s indications of the ordering of pages in early modern books, used here where page-numbers do not exist, or occasionally for bibliographical reasons) Singer Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel W. Singer, 1826 Sisson William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, ed. Charles J. Sisson, 1954 Son. William Shakespeare, Sonnets (in Riverside) SQ Shakespeare Quarterly S.Sur. Shakespeare Survey Staunton The Plays of Shakespeare, ed. Howard Staunton, 3 vols., 1858 60 STC A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, & Ireland and of the English Books Printed Abroad 1475 1640. First compiled by A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave. Second edition, revised and enlarged, begun by W. A. Jackson and F. S. Ferguson, completed by Katherine F. Pantzer, 3 vols., 1986, 1976, 1991 Steevens The Plays of William Shakspeare, ed. Samuel Johnson, George Steevens, and Isaac Reed, 10 vols., 1785 subst. substantively
xiii Abbreviations and conventions sv sub verbum (Latin for under the word used in dictionary citations) Theobald MS Unpublished marginalia by L. Theobald, in copies of q4 (Folger Shakespeare Library) and q6 (University of Pennsylvania) Stratford 1973 The Stratford (Shakespeare) Festival, Ontario, Canada production of 1973 Stratford 1986 The Stratford (Shakespeare) Festival, Ontario, Canada production of 1986 Tilley Morris Palmer Tilley, A Dictionary of Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, 1950 (references are to numbered proverbs) Tonson Pericles Prince of Tyre, pub. J. Tonson, 1734 Tyrwhitt Thomas Tyrwhitt, Observations and Conjectures upon some Passages of Shakespeare, 1766 uncorr. uncorrected v verso (the left-hand page when a book is opened) Ven. William Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis (in Riverside) Walker W. S. Walker, A Critical Examination of the Text of Shakespeare, 3 vols., 1860 Williams Gordon Williams, A Dictionary of Sexual Language and Imagery in Shakespearean and Stuart Literature, 3 vols., 1994 Yale Pericles, ed. A. R. Bellinger, 1925 (Yale Shakespeare) Young Alan R. Young, A note on the tournament impresas in Pericles, SQ 4 (1985), 453 6
1 Map of the eastern Mediterranean