WHY? STEVE HARRIS SR. DIRECTOR, ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES SCTE
Internet Protocol 2010 by SCTE 2
IP EXHAUSTION 2010 by SCTE 3
Internet Protocol IP is the addressing for DARPA Internet 32 bits - 4.2 billion addresses Internet explosion fueled address consumption 2010 by SCTE 4
Slowing Consumption 2010 by SCTE 5
Slowing Consumption: Subnetting 192.168.200.0 255.255.255.0 or /24 192.168.200.0-192.168.200.63 /26 192.168.200.64-192.168.200.127 /26 192.168.200.128-192.168.200.191 /26 192.168.200.192-192.168.200.255 /26 2010 by SCTE 6
Slowing Consumption: VLSM 2010 by SCTE 7
Slowing Consumption: NAT 2010 by SCTE 8
IP Exhaustion http://www.iana.org 2010 by SCTE 9
IP Exhaustion http://www.iana.org 2010 by SCTE 10
IPv4 Depleted IANA will has less than 10% of IPv4 address space remaining, cable operators / MSOs must adopt IPv6 to support the growth of IP related services and applications. Smaller IPv4 blocks exist but will cause router table expansion! Source: http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html 2010 by SCTE 11
IPv4 Depletion Example MSO with 24 million video customers. Average customer has 2.5 STBs. 24 x 2.5 = 60 x 2 IPs per STB 2010 by SCTE 12
Review What is a slash 8? 2010 by SCTE 13
Foreign Motivation China needs 320 million IPs to support broadband, switched to IPv6! Source: http://www.maxmind.com/app/techinfo 2010 by SCTE 14
Industry Consolidation Merger of Networks with Overlapping Address Space Calls for Large, Non-Overlapping Address Space Private IPv4 Network Private IPv4 Network Private IPv4 Address Collision 2010 by SCTE 15
Will you be ready? 2010 by SCTE 16
Will you be ready? http://www.sixxs.net/tools/grh/dfp/all/?country=us 2010 by SCTE 17
IPV6 FEATURES AND BENEFITS 2010 by SCTE 18
IPv6 2001:0558:1234:5678:9DC8:0095:08A7:26C3::/64 Prefix: 2001::/3 Network = 2001:0558:1234:5678 Host = 9DC8:0095:08A7:26C3 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 hosts on this network! 2010 by SCTE 19
Review What is a prefix? What is a /64? 2010 by SCTE 20
IPv6 Prefix Allocation IANA 2001::/16 AfriNIC ::/19 to::/23 APNIC ::/19 to::/23 ARIN ::/19 to::/23 LACNIC ::/19 to::/23 RIPE NCC ::/19 to::/23 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 2010 by SCTE 21
The Next Generation Protocol IETF developed http://www.ietf.org IPv6 backbone http://gogonet.gogo6.com http://www.he.net/ RFCs http://www.rfc-editor.org 2010 by SCTE 22
IPv6 Features Mobility Traffic Class Security QoS Checksums Hierarchical 2010 by SCTE 23
IPv6 Header 8 fields 40 bytes 2010 by SCTE 24
What fields were removed from 4? 2010 by SCTE 25
Benefits of IPv6 ~4.2GB IPv6 Datagram OSPFv3 ND IPSEC ICMPv6 RIPng 2010 by SCTE 26
IPv4 vs. IPv6 2010 by SCTE 27
Equitable Global Assignment 2010 by SCTE 28
ARP? No more inefficient broadcasts on the network. Neighbor Discovery Protocol is a TRUE layer 3 protocol. Multicast addresses are used to perform layer 2 resolution. 2010 by SCTE 29
ADDRESSING 2010 by SCTE 30
IPv6 Addressing Support http://ipv6int.net/systems/index.html 2010 by SCTE 31
Hex Converting hex to decimal and binary is required to fully understand IPv6. How is this done? 2010 by SCTE 32
Understanding What do we know about 4? 2010 by SCTE 33
128 bit IPv6 2001:0558:1234:5678:9DC8:0095:08A7:26C3::/64 39 characters CIDR notation 8 sections, hextets? Zero Compression Prefixes 2010 by SCTE 34
Zero Compression 2001:00C3:0000:2A3B:02AA:001F:FE08:9C 5A 2001:C3:0:2A3B:2AA:1F:FE08:9C5A 2001:C3::2A3B:2AA:1F:FE08:9C5A Remember only use the :: once! 2010 by SCTE 35
Review Compress FE80:0000:0000:0000:0215:C55A:54D0 2010 by SCTE 36
IPv6 Address Format Network ID or Prefix Operator Subnet Customer Subnet Interface ID /31-32 /48 /64 /128 128 bit Address 2010 by SCTE 37
IPv6 Address Range Reserved or Assigned Global Unicast 2000::/3 Unique-Local FC00::/7 Link-Local FE80::/10 Unspecified ::/8 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0=>:: 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) Loopback 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1=> ::1 Multicast FF00::/8 or 224.0.0.0 (IPv4) 2010 by SCTE 38
Review Map these types to IPv4 Public Link Locals Private (RFC 1918s) 2010 by SCTE 39
Global Unicast Network 64 bits Provider / ISP Site LAN Host 3 29 bits 16 bits 16 bits 64 bits Global Prefix SLA LAN Interface ID 001 2000::/3 /32 /48 /64 IEEE EUI-64 pseudo-random generator cryptographically generated DHCPv6 manually 2010 by SCTE 40
Unique-Local Unicast 128 bits 1 Global ID 40 bits Interface ID 1111 1100 FC00::/7 7 bits RANDOM Subnet ID 16 bits 1 Bit : L = 1 Locally assigned; L = 0 Future Use Local communications Not routable on the Internet Provider-independent addresses Note: Unique-Local Unicast was the replacement for Site-Local Address Deprecated in RFC 3879 2010 by SCTE 41
Link-Local Unicast fe80:0000:0000:0000:9dc8:e095:8a7:26c3 fe80::9dc8:e095:8a7:26c3 128 Bits 1111111010 54 bits (zero) Interface ID FE80::/10 64 Bits 10 Bits FE80:0000:0000:0000/10 IEEE EUI-64 pseudo-random generator cryptographically generated DHCPv6 manually 2010 by SCTE 42
What is an EUI-48? MAC address Node address BIA Adapter address Physical address 2010 by SCTE 43
Extended Unique Identifier EUI-48 bit EUI-64 bit OUI Serial 00 90 0F 17 FC 0F 00 90 0F FF FE 17 FC 0F Modified IPv6 EUI-64 bit 02 00 90 0F FF FE 17 FC 0F 00000010 U 00000010 = 2 hex 2010 by SCTE 44
EUI What is the IPv6 global unicast? The IPv6 prefix is 2001:648:2320:1::/64. The MAC address is 00-08-0d-4e-6b-c6. EUI-48 bit 00 08 0D 4E 6B C6 EUI-64 bit 00 08 0D FF FE 4E 6B C6 Modified IPv6 EUI-64 bit 02 00 08 0D FF FE 4E 6B C6 IPv6 Global Unicast Address 2001 648 2320 1 0208 0DFF FE4E 6BC6 /64 2010 by SCTE 45
IPv6 Addressing for IPv4 IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address format 96 Bits 32 Bits 0 IPv4 Address 0:0:0:0:0:0 192.168.30.1 IPv4 Compatible Address = 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01 IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address format 80 Bits 16 Bits 32 Bits 0 FFFF IPv4 Address 0:0:0:0:0:0 192.168.30.1 IPv4-Mapped Address = 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:192.168.30.1 = ::FFFF:C0A8:1E01 2010 by SCTE 46
Review What is a IPv4-mapped address for 100.16.0.193? 2010 by SCTE 47
Anycast 2001:558::1234 FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFF FDFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFF 2A 128 bits 64 bits 0 57 bits Subnet prefix 64 bits 111111x11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Anycast Group ID 1111111 7 bits X = 0 if EUI-64 format (not globally unique) (2^7) 128 1 if non-eui-64 format (interface longer than 64 bits or globally unique) Reserved Mobile IPv6 Home-Agent Anycast = 7E (126) or 111 1110 If configuring manually: Use Prefix + All 1 s + Pick 2010 last by 7 bits SCTE to assign Anycast group ID 48
Subnet-Router Anycast n bits subnet prefix 128-n bits 0000000000000 2001:558:: 2010 by SCTE 49
Well Known Multicast Addresses Address Scope Meaning FF01::1 Node-Local All Nodes FF02::1 Link-Local All Nodes FF01::2 Node-Local All Routers FF02::2 Link-Local All Routers FF05::2 Site-Local All Routers FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx Link-Local Solicited-Node http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses 2010 by SCTE 50
IPv6 Multicast Address SCOPES 0 reserved 1 interface-local scope 2 link-local scope 4 admin-local 5 site-local scope 8 organization-local scope E global scope (Internet) reserved (3, F) unassigned (6, 7, 9, A, B, C & D) R P T flags T = 0 allocated by IANA T = 1 user created P = 0 not assign based on prefix P = 1 assigned based on prefix R = 1 PIM-SM-RP (PT = 1) 8 4 4 112 1111 1111 xxxx xxxx Group ID FF Flags Scope 2010 by SCTE 51
IPv6 Multicast MAC Address Mapping 112 8 4 4 80 32 1111 1111 xxxx xxxx High Order Low Order FF Flags Scope 80 Bits Lost IPv6 Solicited-Node Multicast Address FF02::1:FFD2:162E Ethernet Link-Layer Multicast Address 33:33:04D2:162E Multicast Prefix for Ethernet multicast 33-33-04-D2-16-2E EUI-48 Ethernet Address 2010 by SCTE 52
IPv6 Unicast Based Multicast Address 32 32 8 4 4 8 8 64 1111 1111 0011 1110 00000000 01000000 Unicast Prefix Group ID FF Flags 0RPT Scope Reserved (Resrv) Prefix Length (Plen) FF3E:0040:3FFE:0C15:C003:1109:0000:1111 3 hex 0RPT 0011 E hex Global Scope 40 hex Prefix=6 4 1. Derive multicast from global unicast. 2. Highest allocation 2010 by SCTE 53
Embedded Rendezvous Point 32 Group address carries the RP address for the group! 8 4 4 8 8 64 32 1111 1111 0111 1110 00001100 00110000 2001:E10 248 FF Flags 0RPT Scope Reserved (Resrv) Prefix Length (Plen) 30 Prefix: 2001:E10::/32 RP address: 2001:E10::C/128 Embedded RP: FF7E:C30:2001:E10::248 2010 by SCTE 54
Solicited-Node Multicast Address IPv6 Address no Not broadcast link-layer No EUI-64 messages specific Prefix Interface ID Lower 24 Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses 24 bits FF02 0 0001 FF 128 bits Lower 24 xx:xxxx 2010 by SCTE 55
TRANSITION STRATEGIES 2010 by SCTE 56
Transition Options Dual Stack NAT Tunnels Pure IPv6 2010 by SCTE 57
IPv6 Dual Stack Dual stack 2001:558:1:29DC8:E095:8A7:26C3 /64 68.10.100.49/22 2010 by SCTE 58
IPv6 Features DNS 64 2001:db8::2 Connection Prefix NAT Initialization 2001:db8::/64 2001:db8::1, FC00:db8::1 NAT 64 NAT64 public IPv4 pool 192.0.2.0/24 2010 by SCTE 59
Tunnels IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 Tunnel IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 Tunnel 2010 by SCTE 60
6 to 4 Tunnel Dual stack IPv4/6 hosts Native IPv6 hosts Dual Stack Relay Router IPv 6 Relay outside of Providers control 2002::/16 IPv4 IPv 6 6 to 4 Tunnel Dual Stack Relay Router No guarantee that native IPv6 will be reachable. With 6RD the ISP provides the tunnel. 2010 by SCTE 61
IPv6 Features Subscribers IPv4 Global IPv6 ISP Prefix IPv6 IPv6 6rd Residential Gateway IPv4 IPv6 6rd from Internet IPv6 6rd solves the problem with the unknown return path. IPv6 6rd Residential Gateway IPv4 6rd Residential Gateway IPv4 6rd Domain IPv4 AR ISP Aggregate IPv4 Network CMTS DHCPv6 IPv4 6RD BR or GW Cisco 7200 IPv6 IPv4/6 Core 2010 by SCTE 62
IPv6 Features (ISATAP) Prefix 0000:5EFE IPv4 Address 6 over 4 tunnel 172.29.100.5 FE80::5EFE:AC1D:6405 2001:578::5EFE:AC1D:6405 172.29.100.6 FE80::5EFE:AC1D:6406 2001:578::5EFE:AC1D:6406 2010 by SCTE 63
IPv6 Features (DS-Lite) With DS-Lite a customer can continue to use an IPv4 service when IPv4 addresses are no longer available Host A v4 Server A v4 IPv6 Provisioned Address GWR IPv6 AFTR 2010 by SCTE 64
CGN 444 or LSN Public IPv4 10.x.x.x NAT44 CM CMTS Provisioning Servers 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.11 CGN NAT444 Public 4 Address to Core 2010 by SCTE 65
Topology A A1: PC Win XP/SP3 (IPv4) IPv6/v4 Internet Home / SMB STB (IPv4 224.x) OSPF Legacy CM (IPv4) A2: TV RFI (IPv4) B1: PC HFC CMTS (IPv4/6) Servers (IPv4/6) DHCP, DNS, DHCPv6 PD TFTP, TOD, HTTP 224.x video (IPv4/6) HFC 2010 by SCTE Win2K Vista 66 (IPv4) BGPv4 RFI (IPv4/6) Home/SMB RIP CORE Backbone CM erouter (IPv4/6) B2: PC (IPv4/6) B IS-IS OSPF AR (IPv4/6) CM Bridge (IPv4/6) STB (IPv6 FF00) C1: TV Home/SMB CMTS (IPv4/6) RFI (IPv6) C C2: PC Win7 (IPv4/6)
NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY 2010 by SCTE 67
Neighbor Discovery 2010 by SCTE 68
Neighbor Discovery Router Advertisement 2010 by SCTE 69
PROVISIONING 2010 by SCTE 70
Provisioning DHCPv6 Stateful DHCPv6 Stateless DHCPv6 PD SLAAC CM CMTS DHCP v6 APM RA MDD
START NOW! 2010 by SCTE 72
IPv6: Getting Started Start Train Plan 2010 by SCTE 73
IPv6: Getting Started Test Troubleshoot Deploy Manage 2010 by SCTE 74
Training SCTE IPv6 Virtual Course SCTE IPv6 ILT Training SCTE Primers SCTE Live Learning SCTE Infoscope SCTE Cisco Training 2010 by SCTE 75