Take one piece of each color of paper Place the first sheet on the bottom Place the second sheet on top of that, leaving an inch of space in between (see picture) Do the same for the third and fourth sheets of paper Fold the entire thing down from about six inches from the top of the top sheet Step 1 Step 2
MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION DOCUMENTATION Honors English 1 MLA - 8th Version
Labeling Panels 1st Panel: MLA Format - put name in bottom right corner 2nd Panel: Resources 3rd Panel: Notes 4th Panel: Essay Format 5th Panel: Parenthetical Citations 6th Panel: Direct Quotations & Quotation Introductions 7th Panel: Indirect Quotations 8th Panel: Works Cited
Resource: Purdue Online Writing Lab (Purdue OWL) owl.english.purdue.edu
The next three slides will go into your Notes section.
Why Use MLA Format? Allows readers to find an author s sources easily Provides a consistent format within a discipline Gives credibility to writers Protects writers from plagiarism
Avoiding Plagiarism Proper citation of sources in MLA style can help writers avoid plagiarism, a serious offense. Plagiarism may result in anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from school.
MLA Style: Three Parts MLA documentation usually involves three components: 1. The format of the essay itself: style choices 2. Parenthetical citations: in-text notes for every source used in a paper or project Used when: A. Directly quoting B. Indirectly quoting 3. Works Cited: A complete list of every source that is referenced in an essay
MLA Component 1: Essay Format
MLA Format Heading NO Title Page Upper Left Corner (double spaced): Your name Your teacher s name Class name (Honors English 1) Due date (Day Month Year) Title After the date, double space and center the title Double space between the title and the first line of the text DO NOT UNDERLINE, BOLD, ITALICIZE, SUPERSIZE, UNDERSIZE, COMPLETELY CAPITALIZE, CHANGE THE FONT OF, OR DO ANYTHING ELSE DIFFERENT TO THE TITLE THAN YOU WOULD FOR THE TEXT OF YOUR ESSAY.
MLA Style Format Basics Use size 12 Times New Roman font Double space throughout the entire paper including the outline, quotations, and the list of works cited Print on 8 ½ by 11 inch white paper Margins Print only on one side of the paper Set 1 inch margins at the top, bottom, left and right Indent the first word of each paragraph ½ inch from the left margin (one tab)
Header and Page Numbers Number all pages consecutively throughout the paper in the upper right-hand corner Type your last name before the page number (e.g. Brandel 2) Do NOT use the abbreviation p before a page number Do not add a period, hyphen or any other mark or symbol
MLA Component 2: Parenthetical/In-text Citations
Parenthetical Citations Provide a parenthetical citation (author s last name and page number of info) whenever you: Use a direct quote/text evidence Indirectly quote by summarizing or paraphrasing Quotation marks are NOT needed when you summarize or paraphrase but ARE needed when directly quoting.
For sources without conventional authors or page numbers The citation will be a little more complicated. Ordinarily, you cite such a source just by naming it or describing it in the paper or project itself: A. Included in the When Nixon Met Elvis exhibit at the National Archives online Exhibit Hall is B. The Arkansas State Highway Map indicates C. Software such as Microsoft s FoxPro
Use direct and/or indirect quotations to: Focus on a particularly well stated key idea in a source Show what others think about a subject either experts, people involved with the issue, or the general public Give credit to important facts or concepts Add color, power, or character to your argument or report Show a range of opinion Clarify a difficult or contested point Demonstrate the complexity of an issue Emphasize a point
Direct Quotations Direct quotations are used when a writer quotes any words that are not their own Quoting means to repeat another source word for word How to handle quotations: Select them strategically and then fit them seamlessly into the paper or project Every quotation in an article should contribute something your words cannot
DIRECT QUOTATION RULES Direct quotations REQUIRE the use of quotation marks. Introduce all direct quotes in some way. Example: Dr. Broomfield comments, One reason you may have more colds if you hold back tears is that, when you re under stress, your body puts out steroids which affect your immune system and reduce your resistance to disease (54).
Punctuation with Direct Quotes No commas are needed when a quotation fits right into a sentence without an introductory phrase or frame. Compare the following: COMMAS NEEDED Experience, writes Oscar Wilde, is the name everyone gives to their mistakes. NO COMMAS NEEDED Oscar Wilde defines experience as the name everyone gives to their mistakes.
Indirect Quotations Reflects the structure of -When paraphrasing a work, you report its key information or restate its core arguments point by point in your own words. BUT You still need to give credit to the author s ideas by using a citation. the original piece Reflects the ideas of the original author, not your reflections on them Is relevant to theme of essay Is entirely in your own words except for clearly marked quotations
Important Reminder The most dangerous and academically dishonest type of paraphrase is one in which a researcher borrows the ideas, structure and details of a source wholesale, changing a few words here and there in order to claim originality. This type of paraphrase is plagiarism even if the material is documented in the essay. Writers can t just change a few words in their sources and claim the resulting material as their own work.
#1 Tip for Paraphrasing When you find an interesting paragraph that you would like to include in your essay: 1.Read it once 2. Without looking at it, summarize it in your OWN words! 3. Compare your paraphrase to the original DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!!!
Works Cited Page Center the title Works Cited at the top of the page. Include only sources you actually mention in the essay itself, not all that you might have examined in preparing for the work Arrange the items in the Works Cited page alphabetically by the last name of the author. If no author is given for a work, list it according to the first word of its title, excluding articles (A, An, The). Indent the second or third line of each entry. Punctuate items in the list carefully. DON T FORGET THE PERIOD AT THE END OF EACH ENTRY.
Works Cited Generally, many sources you cite will need to be documented in the following way: -Author s first and last name -Title -Place of publication -Publisher -Date of publication -Medium of publication consulted
Works Cited Example Works Cited Carter, Stephen L. Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy. New York: HarperPerennial, 1998.