Chapter 2 BASIC ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 - PRODUCTION Know all the production techniques that can facilitate AND enhance a script

NEW TECHNOLOGY Digital Satellite DVD Internet (Streaming) Itunes, ipods, Smartphones Mobile Video

Basic Knowledge is Essential Studio Camera Control Room Special video effects Sound (Mics, Music, SFX)

Studio Benefits/Drawbacks Special Elements

Camera Angles Writer should consider camera as a means to direct audiences attention to the action 4 major areas of attention Distance between audience & subject Amt. of subject audience sees (WS, MS, CU) Audience position in relation to subject (placement) Angle at which audience sees subject (side, back, front)

Camera Movement Writer must understand & designate 6 specific movements to direct audience attention Zoom In /Out Pan Right / Left Tilt Up / Down Dolly In / Out Truck Right / Left Boom

Camera Shots XCU - Extreme Close Up CU - Close Up MS - Medium Shot WS - Wide Shot LS - Long Shot(Establishing) Variations of the above

VARIATIONS MCU- Medium Close Up 2S (two shot) M2S (medium two shot) OTS - Over the Shoulder Full / Knee / Hip / Bust Shots

Rule of Thirds

Editing Fade up from Black Fade down to Black designates passage of time like curtain in theatre usually used at beginning/end of a program

Editing Dissolve One shot smoothly changes to another. (morphing) Fast / Slow Usually used to show change of place. Sometimes change of time

Editing Cut Switching instantaneously from one picture to the next Sets Mood / Rhythm / Pace

Editing WIPE One picture wipes another picture off the screen ie: a window shade being pulled over a window Can be from any direction or have a pattern Designates a change of place or time Do not overuse!

Editing Super - (Superimposition) Placing of one image over another Key - 2 source special effect CG- Character Generator - a tool to provide text on screen

SAMPLE SCRIPT TEMPLATE SEE HAND OUT

AUDIO SCRIPTING

AUDIO FORMAT Write on one side of page only Double space copy for ease of reading All SFX and MUSIC should be caps & underlined Talent instructions: ( ) & CAPS (YELL) Speakers names in CAPS Spoken copy in upper & lower case

SAMPLE RADIO/AUDIO SCRIPT MUSIC UNDER SFX (CITY SOUNDS) SFX: BUSY CITY STREET, HONKING HORNS, CARS, BUSES, PEOPLE TALKING VENDOR: Ha Dogs! Get your ha dogs here! SFX: BUSY STREET WOMAN: I ll take a hot dog!

WOMAN: As usual, BEST hot dog ever! VENDOR: Hey, I ve been in the ha dog business for a long time. It s nice to have regular customers. MUSIC: UP AND IN FULL VO: SUPPORT OUR CITY S LOCAL VENDORS MUSIC FADES

SOUND TV and Radio use sound the same Boom to follow action Lavaliere (lapel) mic Sound must follow visual action OS / OC (off screen / off camera) VO (Voice Over) - over video

Radio Primary elements Microphones Sound effects Music Used for Theme / Background / Transition

Writers Job Indicate performers orientation to mic: On / Off Mic - Performer in front of mic /some distance away from mic Fading On /Off - Performer slowly moves toward/away from mic Obstructions - Sounds like a barrier between performer (behind a door, outside a window, etc.)

SFX (Sound Effects) Establish locale or setting Direct audience attention / emotion Establish time & mood Signify entrance / exit Segue -A smooth transition from one sound to the next

MUSIC Bed - music used under an announcer s sound tracks Bridge - a transition of sound/music connecting 2 consecutive segments of a program Also, in/out of commercial breaks Theme - Personal ID

Recording/Editing Cross Fade - Dissolving from one sound into another. One fades out as the other fades in. Blending - 2 or more different sounds combined (dialogue & music, dialogue & SFX, music & SFX or all 3) Fade In/Out - Bringing up / Turning down volume

ASSIGNMENT 1 GO TO: academic.luzerne.edu/tmchugh Com 105 / Assignments Find a pre-produced :30 COMMERCIAL AUDIO/VIDEO SCRIPT Describe each shot in commercial using Audio and Video terminology AUDIO (RADIO) SCRIPT Describe each shot in commercial using Audio terminology

MICROPHONES Cardiod - Heart-shaped Omni Directional - all directions Figure 8 - Bi-Directional (two) Shotgun - Uni-Directional (one)

Heart Shaped - Pick-up front / Sides No pick-up from back

Pick-Up from all directions

Pick-up from Front & Back - Not Sides