HOW TO CITE REFERENCES - MLA Handbook (fifth edition, 1999) Ashwaubenon High School - 2003 The AHS Academic Honor Code states that plagiarism, cheating, fraudulent use of Internet materials, and fabrication of facts/sources are grounds for failure of the assignment. See page 14 of the Student Handbook. Taking someone else s words or ideas and presenting them as your own is plagiarism. Plagiarism can include copying an entire paper, copying even a sentence wordfor-word, changing only a few words or sentences within the paragraph, using the author s key words or phrases without quotation marks, and not using parenthetical citations t o credit someone else s ideas. In addition to documenting direct quotations, you must document anything you paraphrase or reword because it is still someone else's idea. (See page 6 on how to document a paper or use parenthetical citations.) Citing sources and documenting your paper or Power Point gives credibility to your work and lets the reader know what sources you used. A Book with one author: Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of book (underlined). Place of publication (followed by a colon): Publisher, Copyright date. Kallen, Stuart A. The 1980s. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1999. A Book without an author: Start the citation with the title. The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. New Jersey: World Almanac Books, 2000. An Article in a familiar encyclopedia: If the article is signed, list the author's name before giving the topic you looked up. Put the topic in quotation marks. When citing familiar reference books, the full publication information is not necessary. "Archery." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1999 ed. Ollman, Bertell. "Marxism." Academic American Encyclopedia. 2001 ed. An Article from an online encyclopedia: Author of article, if given. Topic (in quotation marks). Title of encyclopedia (underlined). The library who pays the subscription fee, if applicable. The date of access. 1
"King, Stephen." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Ashwaubenon H. S. Lib., Green Bay. 4 November 2001. An anthology or a compilation that was edited by someone whose name appears on the title page: Lass, Abraham H., ed. A student's Guide to 50 British Novels. New York: Washington Square Press, 1966. An article in a reference book: Critic or author of the article. Author you are researching in quotation marks. Title of book in which article was found (underlined). Editor of book, if listed. Volume # of book if part of a set. Place of publication (followed by a colon): Name of publisher, copyright date. Ley, Willy. "Arthur Charles Clarke." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Vol. 35. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1985. Jason, Philip K. "Robert Frost." Critical Survey of Poetry: English Language Series. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 3. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Salem Press, 1982. An Article from a multivolume work and the volume has an individual title. (Note below: Johnson wrote the article on the author, W.H. Auden. Stanford is the editor of the book. You may add the title of the complete set.) Johnson, Richard. "W.H. Auden." British poets, 1914-1945. Ed. Donald E. Stanford. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1983. Vol. 20 of Dictionary of Literary Biography. An Article in a magazine: Author s last name, First name. Title of article in quotation marks. Title of magazine (underlined). Date of magazine, followed by a colon: then page numbers. Frank, Adam. "Quantum Honeybees." Discover. Nov. 1997: 80-87. A Newspaper article: (Note A1 is the page number.) 2
Srubas, Paul. Neighbors Brush Aside Ex-Nazi s Past. Green Bay Press Gazette. 31 January 2000: A1+. A Pamphlet: If the writer is not listed, cite, as the author, the agency that issued the publication. Also include the place of publication and publisher, if available. Brown County Historical Society. Farewell to the Homeland: European Immigration to N.E. Wisconsin 1840 to 1900. 1984. An Article from individual CD-ROM: Author, if listed. Topic in quotes. Title of CD. Place of publication, Publisher and copyright date. " O'Neil, Eugene." Monarch Notes on CD-ROM. Parsippany, NJ: Bureau of Electronic Publishing, 1993. Kash, Bettye Choate. Suddenly Last Summer (Character Profiles). Masterplots Complete 2000. Hackensack, NJ: Salem Press, 2000. An Article from America Online Service: Cook. Sarah. Learning Disabilities. Psych Online. America Online. 17 March 1997. An Article from a Library Online subscription database (ProQuest, NewsBank, EBSCOHost, Contemporary Authors, & Scribner Writers Series): There is a fee to access these databases, so list the library paying the subscription fee. Name of author (if given). " Title of article". Title of magazine. Date of magazine and pages, if given. Name of database used. Name of library which subscribes to the database, location of library. Date of access. "Baldwin, James." Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2002. Ashwaubenon H. S. Lib., Green Bay. 4 November 2002. (Note: No author was listed for this article. Contemporary Authors is the database. Gale is the vendor. Ashwaubenon H.S. is the library and Nov. 4th is date of access.) 3
Bleiler, Richard. Stephen King. Supernatural Fiction Writers Vol. 2. 1985: 1037-1044. Scribners Writers Series. Gale Group 2001. Ashwaubenon H.S. Lib., Green Bay. 13 December 2001. (In the above entry, the article was reproduced in the Scribner Writers Series database. Subscription fee paid by Ashwaubenon H.S. Library. The database is a link on library homepage.) Fox River Cleanup Ends 2 Weeks Before Target. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 7 December 2000: 02B. ProQuest. Ashwaubenon H. S. Lib., Green Bay. 14 December 2002. Nash, Madeleine. Inside the Womb: What Scientist Have Learned About Those Amazing First Nine Months--And What it Means for Mothers. Tiime. 11 November 2002: 68+. NewBank NewsFile. Ashwaubenon H. S. Lib., Green Bay. 6 February 2003. Worthington, Etta. An Essay for the Hairy Ape. Drama for Students Gale, 1998. Literature Resource Center. Brown County Lib., Green Bay. 12 December 2001. (Note: This article was reproduced in the Literature Resource Center database. Brown Co. Library pays for access to the database.) Web Sites: Author s name, if given. Title of topic within the web site, if given. Name of web site. Date information posted or issued on web site. Name institution or organization affiliated with the site. Date of access <electronic address or URL>.. UW Statement on CWD. Chronic Wasting Disease. 14 October 2002. University of Wisconsin --Madison. 25 October 2002 <http://www.news.wisc.edu/cdw/>. Talking With Your Doctor. Learn About Cancer. 14 February 2001. American Cancer Society. 24 October 2002 <http://www.cancer.org/eprise/main/docroot/esn/content/esn _2_2X_Talking_with_your our_doctor?sitearea=lrn>. 4
"A Century Later, Science Still Grapples with Freud." Cable News Network. 1 November 1999. 22 November 1999 <http://www.cnn.com/health/9911/01/freud.dreams/>. Global Warming in brief. Global Warming Information Page. 14 December 2000 <http://www.global warming.org/brochure.html>. An e-mail messages: Author of E-mail message. "Subject line of message". E-mail to name of person. Date of message. Franke, Norman. "Sound Applications." E-mail to Frank S. Hans. 3 May 2002. An Interview: Name of person interviewed. Kind of interview (personal or telephone). Date. Hale, Tom. Personal interview. 22 September 2002. Trump, Donald. Interview with Ted Koppel. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 6 June 1997. A Picture, Graph, or Chart from a web site: Name of photographer, if given. Name of picture or title of web site. Date of posting, if given. Name of institution/organization affiliated with image. Date of access. <address/url>. Technology Education. Ashwaubenon High School. 9 September 2002 < http://www.ashwaubenon.k12.wi.us/hs/departments/teched/index.html>. (Note: Within you report or Power Point, credit the picture by listing the URL under the image.) A Picture, Chart, or Graph from a book: Name of photographer or artist, if given. Name of picture. The full bibliographic information for the book in which the picture was found. AP/Wide World. The World Trade Center towers. World Book Encyclopedia. 2002 ed. (AP/Wide World is the photographer. World Trade Center is title of picture. The picture is from World Book Encyclopedia, 2002 ed.) (Note: Under the picture itself, list the name of the artist or the source of the picture.) 5
A Videotape: Title of videotape. Director of film, if available. Distributor and date. Pertinent information, such as the writer, performers and producer can be included. The Elizabethans. Films for Humanities, 1979. Schindler s List. Dir. by Stephen Spielberg. Perf. Liam Neeson, Ben Kingsley, Ralph Fiennes, Caroline Goodall, Jonathan Sagalle, and Embeth Davidtz. Universal City Studios, 1993. Documenting your Research Paper (also known as footnoting or parenthetical citations) In addition to a Works Cited page, you also need to document or footnote the exact source you used to obtain specific information used within your paper. This documentation will refer the reader to your works cited page at the end of the research paper. What to document or footnote: If you paraphrase someone else s ideas, opinions, interpretations, or conclusions, you need t o document or footnote the source within the paper. Likewise, a direct quote, graph, picture, chart, or table also needs to be credited within your paper and listed as a source in the works cited. Common knowledge or information does not have to be documented. This type of information can be found in numerous reference books. For example: The Pilgrims landed in Plymouth in 1620. Mark Twain created the character Huck Finn. There was much racial tension in the United States during the 1960s. Uncommon knowledge must be documented within the paper. For example: The population of China in 1999 The Chicago crime rate in 1967 The statement that Paul Zindel was one of the first young adult authors to write realistic fiction. Example of a MLA Parenthetical citation within a paper Fewer than 20 people who were trapped on the upper floors of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, survived (Adler 20). The Works Cited page provides the reader with the full information: Adler, Jerry. Five Who Survived. Newsweek. 11 September 2002: 20-29. 6