How to Cite Sources (based on MLA 7 th edition) for Elementary All entries on a Works Cited page should be double-spaced. To save space, our examples have not been double-spaced. Print Book Author, none Butterflies! New York: Harper, 2006. Print. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. (The title of the book is in italics. The city can be named without the state or country if well known, i.e. New York or London. Always choose the first city listed and the last date listed on the publication page. Shorten publisher names following MLA rules.) Author, one Parson, Alexander. Amazing Spiders. New York: Knopf, 1990. Print. Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Authors, two McKissack, Patricia, and Fredrick McKissack. Hard Labor: The First African Americans, 1619. New York: Aladdin, 2004. Print. Author-1 s Last Name, First Name, and Author-2 s First Name Author-2 s Last Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Authors, three Thompsen, Adam, Mary Jenson, and Dori Graham. Building Train Models. Chicago: New Age, 2005. Print. Author-1 s Last Name, First Name, Author-2 s First Name Author-2 s Last Name, and Author-3 s First Name Author-3 s Last Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Authors, more than three Adams, Berry, et al. Encyclopedia of Great Civilizations. New York: Shooting Star, 1994. Print. Author-1 s Last Name, First Name, et al. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. -1-
Editor, one Middleton, John, ed. Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students. New York: Scribner's, 2002. Print. Editor s Last Name, First Name, ed. Title of Book. Edition, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publicatiion. Editors, two Asher, Sandy, and David L. Harrison, eds. Dude!: Stories and Stuff for Boys. New York: Dutton, 2006. Print. Editor-1 s Last Name, First Name, and Editor-2 s First Name Editor-2 s Last Name, eds. Title of Book. Edition, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Editors, three Abbot, Jack, Greg Brunning, and Matt Doran, eds. Trains. Glenview, IL: Scott: 2001. Print. (Include state abbreviation if less known city) Editor-1 s Last Name, First Name, Editor-2 s First Name Editor-2 s Last Name and Editor-3 s First Name Editor-3 s Last Name, eds. Title of Book. Edition, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Editors, more than three Edwards, Terrence, et al., eds. The Poetry of Edgar Allen Poe. New York: Newcastle, 2004. Print. Editorial Group. Or, Editor-1 s Last Name, Editor-1 s First name, et al., eds. Title of Book. Edition, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Print Encyclopedia, Magazine and Newspaper Encyclopedia or Reference Work Article Example - well-known encyclopedia, with author: Minch, Edwin W. "Spiders." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2008 ed. Print. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Encyclopedia Title. Edition = Publication Year. Medium of Publication. (Author s name is found on the last page of the topic article. If the encyclopedia is well-known, like World Book, the publication information does not have to be included. If the encyclopedia entries are alphabetical, volume and page numbers do not have to be listed.) Example - not well-known encyclopedia, no author: Laser Technicians. Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance. 14 th ed. Vol. 4. Chicago: Ferguson, 2007. Print. -2-
"Title of Article." Title of Reference Work. Editor Name, if any. Edition, if any. Volume, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Pages, if book is not in alphabetical order. Medium of Publication. Example - well-known dictionary, definition: Pharoah. Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary. 11 th ed. 2003. Print. "Title of Article." Reference Work Title. Edition, if any. Publication Year. Medium of Publication. Example - not well-known atlas, with author: Allen, John L. Mexico. Student Atlas of World Geography. 6 th ed. New York: McGraw, 2009. Print. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Reference Work. Editor Name, if any. Edition, if any. Volume, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Pages, if book is not in alphabetical order. Medium of Publication. Magazine article Churchman, Deborah. "Big Bumblin Bees." Ranger Rick Aug. 2002: 31. Print. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Magazine Title Date of Magazine: Pages. Medium of Publication. (Do not use the volume number even if listed. If page numbers are not continuous, just include the first page number with a plus sign.) Newspaper article Example - national paper, consecutive pagination: Hu, Winnie. Foreign Languages Fall as Schools Look for Cuts. New York Times 13 Sep. 2009, natl. ed.: L1-2. Print. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." [if Letter to the Editor, include that information]. Name of Newspaper [City, ST if local and not in Newspaper Name] Date of Newspaper, Edition (if noted): Section and Page #s. Medium of Publication. (If page numbers are not continuous, just include the first page number with a plus sign.) Example - local paper, nonconsecutive pagination: Rivera, Dylan. Oregon Puts Money Where Its Roads Are. Oregonian [Portland, OR] 29 July 2009, sunrise ed.: A1+. Print. Example - letter to the editor: Smith, John. Who s Really to Blame for Debt? Letter to the Editor. News-Review [Roseburg, OR] 28 July 2009: 6. Print. -3-
Online Database: These are services that your school or public library subscribes to. (URL address is optional check with your teacher to see if you need to include it.) Encyclopedia or Reference Work Article online database Example encyclopedia, not well-known, no author: Funny Bone. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6 th ed. New York: Columbia UP, 2000. Kids InfoBits. Web. 20 Aug. 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com>. "Title of Article." Title of Reference Work. Editor Name, if any. Edition, if any. Volume, if any. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Pages, if book is not in alphabetical order. Name of Database. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL of service>. Example dictionary, well-known, no author: Lewis, Meriwether. Merriam-Webster s Biographical Dictionary. 1995 ed. InfoTrac Junior Edition. Web. 23 Sep. 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com>. "Title of Article." Reference Work Title. Edition, if any. Publication Year. Name of Database. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL of service>. (If the reference work is well-known, like World Almanac for Kids, the publication information does not have to be included. If the encyclopedia entries are alphabetical, volume and page numbers do not have to be listed.) Magazine online database Keith, Ted. "Dare to Dream." Sports Illustrated For Kids 1 Jan. 2006: 17. Kids InfoBits. Web. 14 Sep. 2009. <http://galenet.galegroup.com>. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Magazine Title Date of Magazine: Pages. Name of Database. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL of service>. Newspaper online database Whiteside, Kelly. "U.S. Soccer Then and Now." USA Today 2 May 2006: 03C. Kids InfoBits. Web. 10 Sep. 2009. <http://galenet.galegroup.com>. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." [if Letter to the Editor, include that information]. Name of Newspaper [City, ST if local and not in Newspaper Name] Date of Newspaper, Edition (if noted): Section and Page #s. Name of Database. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL of service>. ebook online database Armentrout, David, and Patricia Armentrout. The Facts on Rats. North Mankato, MN: Rourke, 2011. Kids InfoBits. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://find.galegroup.com>. Harness, Cheryl, ed. Young Abe Lincoln: The Frontier Days, 1809-1837. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 1996. National Geographic Kids. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://find.galegroup.com>. Author or Editor s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Name of Database. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL of service>. -4-
Internet (URL address is optional check with your teacher to see if you need to include it.) Website Page Example professional website page: Crater Lake. National Park Service. National Park Service, 1 July 2009. Web. 28 Aug. 2009. <http://www.nps.gov/crla/>. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Work." Title of Overall Website. Website Publisher/Sponsor, date posted or published. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. (List Title of Work only if different from Title of Overall Website.) Example personal website page: Donohue, John. Crater Lake National Park. John Donohue s National Park Photos. John Donohue, n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2009. <http://www.jdonohue.com/parks/crater_lake/ crater_lake.html>. Encyclopedia or other reference work article on the Internet Example author: Walter, Terry. "Ballet." Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online, 2009. Web. 25 Aug. 2009. <http://www.gogrolier.com>. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Reference Work. Website Publisher/Sponsor, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Example no author: "Ernest Hemingway." Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2009. Web. 10 July 2009. <http://www.britannica.com>. "Title of Article." Title of Reference Work. Website Publisher/Sponsor, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Magazine article on the Internet Nagorski, Andrew. "Epic Struggles." Newsweek. Newsweek, 1 July 2009. Web. 27 Aug. 2009. <http://www.newsweek.com/id/200136>. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Magazine Title. Website Publisher/Sponsor, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Newspaper article on the Internet Example local paper: Cockle, Richard. Unique Buddhist Temple Faces Uncertain Future. Oregonian [Portland, OR]. OregonLive, 5 July 2009. Web. 18 Aug. 2009. <http://www.oregonlive.com>. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." [if Letter to the Editor, include that information]. Name of Newspaper [City, ST if local and not in Newspaper Name] Website Publisher/Sponsor, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. -5-
Example national paper: Knight, Victoria E. Treading Carefully With Wellness Programs. Wall Street Journal. Wall Street Journal, 28 July 2009. Web. 31 July 2009. <http://online.wsj.com>. ebook on the Internet Chandler, Katherine. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. New York: Silver Burdett, 1905. Google Books. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://books.google.com/books?id=b7uaaaaayaaj>. Dickinson, Asa D., ed. The Children's Book of Thanksgiving Stories. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1915. Project Gutenberg. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/45114>. Author or Editor s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Title of Website. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Image on the Internet Example image from online book: Wood, Grant. American Gothic. 1930. World Book. Web. 17 Aug. 2009. <http://www.worldbookonline.com>. Photographer/Artist's Last Name, First Name. Title of Image/Photo. Year Created. Website Publisher/Sponsor. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Example diagram from website: Emphysema is a Lung Disease. Diagram. 2008. National Institutes of Health. Web. 14 Sep. 2009. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17055.htm>. Example image from museum website: Da Vinci, Leonardo. Mona Lisa. 1519. Louvre, Paris. Masterpieces of the Louvre. Web. 29 July 2009. <http://www.louvre.fr/llv/commun/home>. Photographer/Artist's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Image/Photo." Year Created. Museum. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Audio Recording on the Internet (You decide who to feature as the primary artist, based on how this resource relates to your research. Author, composer, and performer roles do not need to be identified further, so choose the blank option for those.) Example speech: Kennedy, John F. "The Kennedy Withdrawal." 2 Oct. 1963. Presidential Recordings Program: White House Tapes.org. Web. 14 May 2009. <http://www.whitehousetapes.net/clip/-kennedy-withdrawal>. -6-
Primary Author/Artist's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Recording." Date Created. Website Title. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Example radio program: Hoel, Lars. Les Paul Still Chasing Sound at 92. Weekend Edition Sunday. 19 Aug. 2007. NPR. Web. 2 Sep. 2009. <http://www.npr.org>. Primary Author/Artist's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Episode." Title of Program. Name of the Network. Broadcast Date. Website Title. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Example recorded event: Lang, Michael. Inside Media: The Road to Woodstock. 9 Aug. 2009. Newseum. Web. 15 Aug. 2009. <http://www.newseum.org/>. Example music: Key, Francis Scott. Star Spangled Banner. Star Spangled Banner. Web. 14 Sep. 2009. <http://www.star-spangled-banner.info/>. Video Recording on the Internet Example movie: The Secret of NIMH. Dir. Don Bluth. MGM, 1 July 1982. Hulu. Web. 2 Oct. 2009. <http://www.hulu.com/the-secret-of-nimh>. Title of Film. Director. Performers. Distributor. Year of Release. Name of the Network. Broadcast Date. Website Title. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Example YouTube clip: The History of YouTube. Dir. Robert Hinderliter. 18 May 2007. YouTube. Web. 14 June 2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2nqivcdzry>. Example television program: "Gravity Groove." The Electric Company. Sesame Workshop, 29 May 2009. PBS Kids. Web. 30 Sept. 2009. <http://pbskids.org/electriccompany/>. "Title of Episode." Title of Program. Name of the Network. Broadcast Date. Website Title. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. <URL>. Electronic mail (e-mail) Soja, Julie. Re: Hubble Space Telescope image enhancement techniques. Message to the author. 23 Jan. 2009. E-mail. -7-
Smith, Sandy. Seattle Viaduct Alternatives. Message to Jane R. Doe. 17 Sep. 2008. E- mail. Writer's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Message." Description of the Message including the recipient. Date of message. E-mail. Other // CD-Rom Example CD-ROM encyclopedia, with author: Howard, John. Honeybees. Animal Kingdom. Chicago: World Book, 2003. CD-ROM. Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Encyclopedia Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Medium of Publication. Example CD-ROM encyclopedia, no author: Spiders. Grolier s New Multimedia Encyclopedia. Danbury: Grolier,1996. CD-ROM. Other // Audio Recording Example - album by a band/group: Beatles. Abbey Road. Capitol, 1969. MP3 file. Example - album by an artist, featured song: Raffi. "The Corner Grocery Store." Fun Food Songs. Rounder Music, 2013. CD. Example - classical music, featured conductor as supplementary artist: Tchaikovsky, Peter I. The Nutcracker Ballet, Op. 71 Excerpts. Philadelphia Orchestra. Cond. Eugene Ormandy. CBS, 1983. CD. Example - radio program, featured primary artist: Welles, Orson, dir. The War of the Worlds. By H.G. Wells. Adapt. Howard Koch. Mercury Theatre on the Air. Rec. 30 Oct. 1938. Radio Spirits, 1998. CD. (You decide who to feature as the primary artist, based on how this resource relates to your research. Author, composer, and performer roles do not need to be identified further.) Primary Author/Artist's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Song." Title of Recording. Performers, etc. Manufacturer, Release Year. Medium of Publication. -8-
Other // Video Recording Example movie: It s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, and Thomas Mitchell. RKO, 1946. DVD. Title of Film. Director. Performers. Distributor, Year of Release. Medium viewed. Example documentary: Super Size Me. Dir. Morgan Spurlock. Showtime Independent Films, 2004. Videocassette. Other // Personal Interview Gates, Bill. Telephone interview. 15 Oct. 2008. Dreyer, Richard L. Personal interview. 24 Jan. 2009. Interviewee s Last Name, First Name. Type of interview. Date of Interview. (Type of Interviews may be personal, e-mail, telephone or video conference.) -9-