STARS series C S TA trategies o chieve R S eading uccess Name
TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 1 Finding Main Idea..................................... 4 Lesson 2 Recalling Facts and Details............................. 14 Lesson 3............................. 24 Lessons 1 3 REVIEW............................................ 34 Lesson 4 Recognizing Cause and Effect......................... 38 Lesson 5 Comparing and Contrasting.......................... 48 Lesson 6 Making Predictions................................... 58 Lessons 4 6 REVIEW............................................ 68 Lesson 7 Finding Word Meaning in Context..................... 72 Lesson 8 Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences........... 82 Lesson 9 Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion.............. 92 Lessons 7 9 REVIEW........................................... 102 Lesson 10 Identifying Author s Purpose......................... 106 Lesson 11 Interpreting Figurative Language..................... 116 Lesson 12 Distinguishing Between Real and Make-believe........ 126 Lessons 10 12 REVIEW........................................... 136 Lessons 1 12 FINAL REVIEW.................................... 140 STARS C SB Curriculum Associates LLC www.curriculumassociates.com 800-225-0248
Lesson 3 PART ONE: Think About the Strategy What Is Sequence? UNDERSTANDING SEQUENCE Many stories you read or movies you watch tell things in order. The stories have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. Sequence is the order in which things happen. 1 Write three things you do every day. 2 List these things in the order in which you usually do them. Number each line. Work with a Partner Tell your partner about one of your favorite stories. Take turns telling about what happens in the story. Tell about the beginning, the middle, and the ending. Try to tell about each thing in only one sentence. 24
How Do You Find Sequence? You can find the order in which things happen in a story by thinking about the beginning, the middle, and the ending. You can also look for clue words that tell about sequence. Some of these clue words are first, next, and then. Read this passage about a fire drill. Pay attention to the order of events. Yesterday, Marc had a fire drill at school. First the bell rang, and all of the students jumped out of their seats. Next, their teacher told them to form a line. Then they all walked outside. 1. Let s think about the order in which things happen in the story. 2. Look at the chart below. It shows the order of events in the story. 3. Fill in the missing event in the third box. The bell rang. All of the students jumped out of their seats. They all walked outside. 25
PART TWO: Learn About the Strategy WHAT TO KNOW The order in which things happen in a reading passage is called sequence. Sequence tells what happens first, what happens second, and so on. Clue words such as first, next, then, last, finally, before, and after often tell the order in which things happen. Clues such as times of day, days of the week, months, and years tell when things happen. Sometimes, there are no clue words. Thinking about the beginning, the middle, and the ending of a reading passage will help you understand the order in which things happen. Read this story about Aimee. As you read, think about the order in which things happen in the story. Aimee s Big Idea Aimee needed money to buy her father a birthday present. She had an idea. First, Aimee got out some paper cups. Next, she made a big pitcher of lemonade. Last, she made a sign that read Lemonade 50. Lemonade 50 The order in which things happen in the story is: First, Aimee got out some paper cups. Next, she made a big pitcher of lemonade. Last, she made a sign that read Lemonade 50. 26 STARS C SB Curriculum Associates LLC www.curriculumassociates.com 800-225-0248
Read this article about how a snake sheds its skin. As you read, think about what a snake does first, second, and so on. Then answer the questions. How a Snake Sheds Its Skin As a snake grows, its skin becomes too tight for its body. When this happens, the snake grows a new skin underneath the old one. When the new skin is ready, the snake sheds its old skin. A snake follows several steps to shed its skin. First, the snake rubs against rough objects to rip its skin. Next, it crawls against the ground or through narrow places to strip off the skin. Finally, the outside layer of scaly skin comes off. This old skin looks like an empty snake! 1. What does a snake do first to shed its skin? It crawls against the ground. It rubs against rough objects. It goes off to a quiet place. It crawls through narrow places. 2. In the article, which clue word tells what the snake does last? first last finally next Work with a Partner Talk about your answers to the questions. Tell why you chose your answers. Then talk about what you have learned so far about understanding sequence. 27
PART THREE: Check Your Understanding REVIEW Sequence tells the order in which things happen. Look for clue words such as first, next, then, last, finally, before, and after. These clue words often tell the order in which things happen. Look for clues that tell about times of day, days of the week, months, and years. When there are no clue words, think about the beginning, the middle, and the ending of the reading passage. This will help you understand the order in which things happen. Read this story about Kate and her brother. As you read, ask yourself, What happens first? What happens next? Then answer the questions. Today is Saturday. Kate is baby-sitting for her little brother, Max. Max is two years old and very active. Kate has planned a busy day. First, Kate is going to take Max to the library. Next, Kate will help him find books about dinosaurs. Max won t look at any books that don t have dinosaurs in them! After they go to the library, Kate and Max will walk to the ice-cream store. Then they can eat their ice-cream cones and watch the ducks. Last, they will walk home. Kate and Max will cuddle up on the couch, and Kate will read to her little brother. 3. Right after they go to the library, Kate and Max will go home. read a book. watch the ducks. walk to the ice-cream store. 4. Which clue word in the story tells what Kate and Max will do second? first next after last 28
Which Answer Is Correct and Why? Look at the answer choices for each question. Read why each answer choice is correct or not correct. 3. Right after they go to the library, Kate and Max will go home. This answer is not correct because this is what Kate and Max will do after they get their ice-cream cones and after they watch the ducks. read a book. This answer is not correct because this is what Kate and Max will do after they walk home. watch the ducks. This answer is not correct because paragraph 3 states, After they go to the library, Kate and Max will walk to the ice-cream store. Then they can eat their ice-cream cones and watch the ducks. walk to the ice-cream store. This answer is correct because paragraph 3 states, After they go to the library, Kate and Max will walk to the ice-cream store. 4. Which clue word in the story tells what Kate and Max will do second? first This answer is not correct because this clue word tells about what Kate and Max will do first go to the library. next This answer is correct because this clue word tells about what Kate and Max will do second. Paragraph 2 states, First, Kate is going to take Max to the library. Next, Kate will help him find books about dinosaurs. after This answer is not correct because this clue word tells about what Kate and Max will do third walk to the ice-cream store. last This answer is not correct because this clue word tells about the fifth thing that Kate and Max will do walk home. 29 STARS C SB Curriculum Associates LLC www.curriculumassociates.com 800-225-0248
PART FOUR: Build on What You Have Learned MORE TO KNOW Many reading passages tell details and events in the order in which they happened. Look for sequence in these kinds of reading passages: stories, fables, and folktales directions articles journal entries Read this article about a steamboat. Then answer the questions. The Steamboat Virginia Long ago, steamboats traveled up and down the big rivers of America. One of the most beautiful steamboats was the Virginia. The Virginia traveled along the Ohio River. The weather turned rainy on one trip down the river in 1909. It rained and rained and rained. The Ohio River soon began to flood. The fields on both sides of the river filled with water. The rushing Ohio River carried the steamboat Virginia over its banks. The Virginia floated into a flooded cornfield. The bottom of the steamboat hit the ground. The steamboat was stuck! Then the sun came out and the water soon went down. But the lovely Virginia was far from the river. The steamboat sat in the middle of the cornfield. A crew of men came to dig the Virginia out. Finally, they were able to drag the steamboat to the river. The Virginia was home at last in the Ohio River. 5. Which of these happened first? The steamboat was stuck. The weather turned rainy. The Virginia floated into a flooded cornfield. The Virginia was home at last. 6. Soon after it began to rain, the river began to flood. the water went down. the sun came out. the steamboat went faster. 7. What did the men do after they dug the steamboat out of the cornfield? They took a trip down the river in the steamboat. They were able to drag the steamboat to the river. They waited for the rains to come. They left the steamboat in the field. 8. The clue word in the article that tells you what happened last is then. after. next. finally. 30
Read this story about a family vacation. Then answer the questions. The Chans went on a short vacation to the shore. They planned to go to the beach for swimming, boating, and fishing. On Friday, they wanted to go boating, but it was too windy. On Saturday, they wanted to go fishing, but it was too rainy. On Sunday, they wanted to go swimming, but it was too cold. The Chans stayed indoors for three days. Before they go away again, they will be sure to find out about the weather! 9. In the story, clues that tell about the order of events are days of the week. times of day. years. months. 10. What happened on Friday? It was rainy. It was windy. It was cloudy. It was cold. 11. What did the Chans want to do on Sunday? stay indoors go boating go fishing go swimming 12. Before the Chans go away again, they will plan to stay away for more than three days. find a different place to go. find out about the weather. find a place where they can stay indoors. 31
PART FIVE: Prepare for a Test TEST TIPS A test question about sequence may ask you when certain things happen in a reading passage. A test question about sequence may ask you to put events from a reading passage in order. A test question about sequence may contain words such as first, second, last, before, or after. Read this review of a new mystery book. Then answer questions about the book review. Choose the best answer for Numbers 13 and 14. Night Sounds is Mary Reed s latest mystery book. The setting is an eerie mansion near the Maine shore. Gayle and Vic Brown are staying with their uncle, who lives in the mansion. The plot is about the strange sounds that the children begin to hear. They seem to be coming from inside the walls and are heard only at night. The children tell Uncle Evan about the sounds. But he doesn t seem to be worried. Things soon begin to disappear, and the sounds get louder. When the children talk to Uncle Evan, he begins to act strangely. The children decide to solve the mystery on their own. The things they discover will send chills up your spine! If you like a good mystery story, read Night Sounds. But don t read it if you re home alone on a dark and stormy night! 13. What happens first in Night Sounds? The children begin to hear strange sounds. Things begin to disappear. The children decide to solve the mystery. Uncle Evan doesn t seem to be worried. 14. After things begin to disappear, the children no longer hear the noises. see their uncle acting strangely. solve the mystery. run from the mansion. 32
Read this article about a famous baseball player. Then answer questions about the article. Choose the best answer for Numbers 15 and 16. Jackie Robinson was born in 1919. As a child, Jackie learned that not all people were treated the same. Because he was an African American, Jackie was not allowed to swim in public pools. He also could sit only in certain places in movie theaters. Still, Jackie knew that he was as good as any other person. Jackie joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. He became the first African American to play major-league baseball. Life was not easy for Jackie. Players on his own team called him names. Many times, he wanted to quit the team. But Jackie didn t quit. He stayed and helped his team win many games. Jackie left baseball in 1957. He was entered into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. He died in 1972. Jackie Robinson helped show that all people should be treated the same. 15. Which of these happened first? Jackie became the first African American to play major-league baseball. Jackie was not allowed to swim in public pools. Players on his own team called him names. Jackie was entered into the Baseball Hall of Fame. 16. The boxes show some things that happened in the article. Jackie left baseball. Jackie died. What belongs in the empty box? Jackie learned that not all people were treated the same. Jackie was born. Jackie was entered into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Jackie joined the Dodgers. 33