LCD Module Specificaion Model No.: YG128643-SFDWH6V YG128643-BMDWH6V YG128643-LMDWH6V YG128643-FMDWH6V YG128643-FFDWH6V Table of Conens 1. BASIC SPECIFICATIONS 2 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 3 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4 4. OPERATING PRINCIPLES & METHODS 7 5. DISPLAY CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 10 6. DISPLAY DATA RAM ADDRESS MAP 13 7. CONNECTION WITH 8051 FAMILY MPU 14 8. ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS 15 9. DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE 16 10. LCD MODULE NUMBERING SYSTEM 17 11. PRECAUTIONS FOR USE OF LCD MODULE 18 RECORD OF REVISION Rev. Dae Page Iem Descripion 0.1 2007/11/01 -- -- New release
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-2 - 1. BASIC SPECIFICATIONS 1.1 Feaures Iem Specificaions Uni Display Forma 128 x 64 do SFDWH6V STN - Yellow Green - Posiive - Transflecive Dark blue characers on yellow green background - BMDWH6V STN - Blue - Negaive - Transmissive Whie characers on blue background - LCD Type FSTN - Blue - Negaive - Transmissive LMDWH6V Pure whie characers on blue background - FMDWH6V FSTN - Posiive - Transmissive Black characers on whie background - FFDWH6V FSTN - Posiive - Transflecive Black characers on whie background - Driving Mehod 1/64 Duy, 1/9 Bias - Viewing Direcion 6 O clock Backligh & Color LED, whie color - Ouline Dimension (WxHxT) 93.0 x 70.0 x 12.5 mm Viewing Area (WxH) 72.0 x 39.0 mm Acive Area (WxH) 66.52 x 33.24 mm Do Pich (WxH) 0.52 x 0.52 mm Do Size (WxH) 0.48 x 0.48 mm Weigh 75 g Conroller S6B0108 - Inerface 8-bi parallel (6800 series MPU) - Power Supply (VDD) 5.0 (Buil-in volage converer for LCD driving) V 1.2 Block Diagram S6B0107 or Eqv. 64 COM LCD PANEL 128 x 64 DOTS V V V V DD SS O OUT Power Circui To LSI S6B0108 or Eqv. 64 SEG S6B0108 or Eqv. 64 SEG DB0 - DB7 RS, R/W, E, /RST CS1 CS2 LEDA LEDK LED Backligh
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-3 - 1.3 Terminal Funcions Pin No. Symbol Level Funcion 1 VSS 0V Ground 2 VDD +5V Power supply for logic 3 VO - 4 RS H/L 5 R/W H/L 6 E H, H L 7 DB0 H/L 8 DB1 H/L 9 DB2 H/L Operaing volage for LCD (conras adjusing) Refer o secion 3.5 Daa or insrucion selecion H: Display daa L: Insrucion code Read or wrie selecion H: Read operaion L: Wrie operaion Enable signal. In read mode (R/W= H ), daa appears a DB0 o DB7 while E is H. In wrie mode (R/W= L ), daa of DB0 o DB7 is lached a he falling edge of E. 10 DB3 H/L 11 DB4 H/L Daa bus 12 DB5 H/L 13 DB6 H/L 14 DB7 H/L 15 CS1 H Chip selecion for IC1 (lef half panel). Acive H. 16 CS2 H Chip selecion for IC2 (righ half panel). Acive H. 17 /RST L Rese signal. Acive L. 18 VOUT -10V Oupu volage for LCD driving 19 LEDA +5V 20 LEDK 0V Power supply for LED backligh Refer o secion 3.3 o 3.4 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Iem Symbol Min. Max. Uni Supply Volage (Logic) VDD-VSS -0.3 7.0 V Supply Volage (LCD) VDD-VO -0.3 19.0 V Inpu Volage VI -0.3 VDD+0.3 V Operaing Temperaure Topr -20 70 C Sorage Temperaure Tsg -30 80 C
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-4 - 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 3.1 DC Characerisics (VDD=5.0V±10%, Ta=25 C) Iem Symbol Condiion Min. Typ. Max. Uni Supply Volage (Logic) Supply Volage (LCD Drive) VDD 4.5 5.0 5.5 V VDD-VO -- 11.7 -- V Inpu High Volage VIH 2.0 -- VDD V Inpu Low Volage VIL 0 -- 0.8 V Oupu High Volage VOH IOH=-0.2mA 2.4 -- VDD V Oupu Low Volage VOL IOL=1.6mA 0 -- 0.4 V Supply Curren (Logic) IDD VDD=5.0V -- 6.0 8.0 ma 3.2 Inerface Timing Char (VDD=5.0V±10%, Ta=25 C) Characerisic Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Uni E Cycle C 1000 -- -- ns E High Level Widh WH 450 -- -- ns E Low Level Widh WL 450 -- -- ns E Rise Time R -- -- 25 ns E Fall Time F -- -- 25 ns Address Se-Up Time ASU 140 -- -- ns Address Hold Time AH 10 -- -- ns Daa Se-Up Time DSU 200 -- -- ns Daa Delay Time D -- -- 320 ns Daa Hold Time(Wrie) DHW 10 -- -- ns Daa Hold Time(Read) DHR 10 -- -- ns
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-5 - C WL E R WH F R/W ASU AH ASU AH CS1, CS2 RS DSU DSU DB0-DB7 MPU Wrie Timing C WL E R WH F R/W ASU AH ASU AH CS1, CS2 RS D DHR DB0-DB7 MPU Read Timing
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-6 - 3.3 LED Backligh Characerisics (Ta=25 C) Iem Symbol Condiion Min. Typ. Max. Uni Forward Volage Vf 2.9 3.1 3.3 V Forward Curren If Vf=3.1V -- 45 -- ma Color Whie 3.4 Power Supply for LED Backligh LCD Module LCD Module VLED =5V I LED LEDA LEDK RL J1 LED B/L A Vf=3.1V K If=45mA VLED RE I LED LEDA LEDK RL J1 LED B/L A K Vf=3.1V If=45mA A) VLED = 5V: J1 open. Supply 5V o LEDA/LEDK B) VLED is oher volage: J1 close. Supply 3.1V o LEDA/LEDK * RL (inernal) and RE (exernal) are he curren limiing resisors for LED backligh 1) VLED=5.0V: J1 open. Supply 5.0V o LEDA (Pin 19) and LEDK (Pin 20) <Defaul> 2) VLED=3.3V: J1 close; RE=(3.3V-3.1V)/45mA=4.5Ω. Supply 3.1V o LEDA (Pin 19) and LEDK (Pin 20) 3) VLED is oher volage: J1 close; RE=(VLED-3.1V)/45mA. Supply 3.1V o LEDA (Pin 19) and LEDK (Pin 20) 3.5 Power Supply for Logic and LCD Driving LCD Module LCD Module +5V VDD VSS +5V V V DD SS Open V O VR 20KΩ VO Open V OUT V OUT A) V DD= 5V± 2%, conras fixed B) VDD= 5V± 10%, conras adjusable * VO is LCD driving volage (conras adjusing). Adjus VDD-VO volage o be around 11.7V for a beer conras.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-7 - 4. OPERATING PRINCIPLES & METHODS 4.1 I/O Buffer Inpu buffer conrols he saus beween he enable and display of chip. Unless he IC (seleced by CS1 or CS2) is in acive mode, inpu or oupu of daa and insrucion does no execue. Therefore inernal sae is mainained. Bu /RST can operae regardless he level of CS1 or CS2. 4.2 Regiser Boh inpu regiser and oupu regiser are provided o inerface o MPU of which he speed is differen from ha of inernal operaion. The selecions of hese regisers depend on he combinaion of R/W and RS signals. RS R/W Funcion L H L H L H Insrucion Saus read (busy check) Daa wrie (from inpu regiser o display daa RAM) Daa read (from display daa RAM o oupu regiser) 4.2.1 Inpu Regiser Inpu regiser sores he daa emporarily before wriing i ino display daa RAM. When he IC is in acive mode, R/W and RS selec he inpu regiser. The daa from MPU is wrien ino inpu regiser, hen ino display daa RAM. Daa is lached a falling edge of he E signal and hen wrien ino he display daa RAM auomaically by inernal operaion. 4.2.2 Oupu Regiser Oupu regiser sores he daa emporarily which is read from display daa RAM when he IC is in acive mode and R/W and RS=H, sored daa in display daa RAM is lached in oupu regiser. When he IC is in acive mode and R/W=H, RS=L, saus daa (busy check) can be read ou. To read he conens of display daa RAM, wice access of read insrucion is needed. In firs access, daa in display daa RAM is lached ino oupu regiser. In second access, MPU can read daa ha is lached in oupu regiser. Tha is, o read he daa in display daa RAM, i needs dummy read. Bu saus read does no need dummy read. The following shows he MPU read iming.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-8 - RS R/W E Address N N+1 N+2 Oupu Regiser Daa a address N Daa a address N+1 DB0-DB7 Busy check Wrie address N Busy check Read daa (dumy) Busy check Read daa address N Busy check Read daa address N+1 MPU Read Timing 4.3 Rese The sysem can be iniialized by seing /RST erminal a low level when urning power on. When /RST becomes low, following procedure is occurred. 1. Display off 2. Display sar line regiser is se by 0. (Z address 0) While /RST is low level, no insrucion excep saus read can be acceped. Rese saus appears a DB4 of saus bye, afer DB4 becomes L, any insrucion can be acceped. The condiions of power supply a iniial power up are shown below. Iem Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Uni Rese ime RS 1.0 -- -- μs Rise ime R -- -- 200 ns V DD 4.5V RS R /RST 0.7V 0.3V DD DD 4.4 Busy Flag Busy flag indicaes he sysem is now inernally operaing or no. When busy flag is H, he sysem is in inernal operaion. When busy flag is L, he sysem can accep daa or insrucion. Busy flag is read ou on DB7 by he Saus Read insrucion.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-9 - 4.5 Display On/Off Flip-Flop The display on/off flip-flop makes on/off he liquid crysal display. When flip-flop is rese (logical low), selecive volage or non selecive volage appears on segmen oupu erminals. When flip-flop is se (logical high), non selecive volage appears on segmen oupu erminals regardless of display RAM daa. The display on/off flip-flop can change saus by insrucion. The display daa a all segmens disappear while /RST is low. The saus of he flip-flop is oupu on DB5 by Saus Read insrucion. 4.6 X Page Regiser X page regiser designaes page of he inernal display daa RAM. Coun funcion is no available. The address is se by insrucion. 4.7 Y Address Couner Y address couner designaes address of he inernal display daa RAM. The address is se by insrucion and is increased by 1 auomaically by read or wrie operaions of display daa. 4.8 Display Daa RAM Display daa RAM sores a display daa for liquid crysal display. 1 bi daa of his RAM corresponds o ligh ON (daa=1) or ligh OFF (daa=0) of 1 do on he display panel. 4.9 Display Sar Line Regiser The regiser specifies a line in display daa RAM ha corresponds o he op line of LCD panel, when displaying conens in display daa RAM on he LCD panel. Bi daa (DB<0:5>) of he display sar line informaion is wrien ino his regiser by display sar line se insrucion. I is used for scrolling of he liquid crysal display screen.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-10 - 5. DISPLAY CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS The display conrol insrucions conrol he inernal sae of he S6B0108. Insrucion is received from MPU o S6B0108 for he display conrol. The following able shows various insrucions. Insrucion RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Funcion Display ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0/1 Conrol he display on or off. Inernal saus and display RAM daa are no affeced. Se Address (Y address) 0 0 0 1 Y address (0-63) Se he Y address a he Y address couner. Se Page (X address) 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 Page (0-7) Se he X address a he X address regiser. Display Sar Line 0 0 1 1 Display sar line (0-63) Indicae he display daa RAM displayed a he op of he screen. (Z address) Saus Read 0 1 B 0 O R 0 0 0 0 Read saus. U N E BUSY 0: Ready S / S 1: In inernal operaion Y O E ON/OFF 0: Display ON F T 1: Display OFF F RESET 0: Normal 1: Rese Wrie Display Daa 1 0 Display Daa Wrie daa (DB0-DB7) ino display daa RAM. Afer wriing insrucion, Y address is increased by 1 auomaically. Read Display Daa 1 1 Display Daa Read daa (DB0-DB7) from display daa RAM o he daa bus.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-11 - 5.1 Display On/Off RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 D The display daa appears when D is 1 and disappears when D is 0. Though he daa is no on he screen wih D=0, i remains in he display daa RAM. Therefore, you can make i appear by changing D=0 ino D=1. 5.2 Se Address (Y Address) RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 0 1 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 Y address (AC0-AC5) of he display daa RAM is se in he Y address couner. The address is se by insrucion and increased by 1 auomaically by read or wrie operaions of display daa. 5.3 Se Page (X Address) RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 AC2 AC1 AC0 X address (AC0-AC2) of he display daa RAM is se in he X address regiser. Wriing or reading o or from MPU is execued in his specified page unil he nex page is se. 5.4 Display Sar Line (Z Address) RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 1 1 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 Z address (AC0-AC5) of he display daa RAM is se in he display sar line regiser and displayed a he op of he screen.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-12 - 5.5 Saus Read RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 1 BUSY 0 ON/OFF RESET 0 0 0 0 BUSY When BUSY is 1, he chip is execuing inernal operaion and no insrucions are acceped. When BUSY is 0, he chip is ready o accep any insrucions. ON/OFF When ON/OFF is 1, he display is off. When ON/OFF is 0, he display is on. RESET When RESET is 1, he sysem is being iniialized. In his condiion, no insrucions excep saus read can be acceped. When RESET is 0, iniializing has finished and he sysem is in he normal operaion condiion. 5.6 Wrie Display Daa RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Wrie daa (D0-D7) ino he display daa RAM. Afer wriing insrucion, Y address is increased by 1 auomaically. 5.7 Read Display Daa RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Read daa (D0-D7) from he display daa RAM. Afer reading insrucion, Y address is increased by 1 auomaically. One ime of dummy read mus be required afer column address seing.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-13 - 6. DISPLAY DATA RAM ADDRESS MAP Page (X) Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Display Daa 1s S6B0108 (IC1) (CS1=H, CS2=L) 2nd S6B0108 (IC2) (CS1=L, CS2=H) Line (Z) Address Common D0 0 COM1 D1 1 COM2 D2 2 COM3 D3 3 COM4 D4 4 COM5 D5 5 COM6 D6 6 COM7 D7 7 COM8 D0 8 COM9 D1 9 COM10 D2 10 COM11 D3 11 COM12 D4 12 COM13 D5 13 COM14 D6 14 COM15 D7 15 COM16 D0 16 COM17 D1 17 COM18 D2 18 COM19 D3 19 COM20 D4 20 COM21 D5 21 COM22 D6 22 COM23 D7 23 COM24 D0 24 COM25 D1 25 COM26 D2 26 COM27 D3 27 COM28 D4 28 COM29 D5 29 COM30 D6 30 COM31 LCD PANEL D7 31 COM32 D0 32 COM33 D1 33 COM34 D2 128 X 64 DOTS 34 COM35 D3 35 COM36 D4 36 COM37 D5 37 COM38 D6 38 COM39 D7 39 COM40 D0 40 COM41 D1 41 COM42 D2 42 COM43 D3 43 COM44 D4 44 COM45 D5 45 COM46 D6 46 COM47 D7 47 COM48 D0 48 COM49 D1 49 COM50 D2 50 COM51 D3 51 COM52 D4 52 COM53 D5 53 COM54 D6 54 COM55 D7 55 COM56 D0 56 COM57 D1 57 COM58 D2 58 COM59 D3 59 COM60 D4 60 COM61 D5 61 COM62 D6 62 COM63 D7 63 COM64 Column (Y) Address 0 1 2 -- 61 62 63 0 1 2 -- 61 62 63 Segmen SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 -- SEG62 SEG63 SEG64 SEG65 SEG66 SEG67 -- SEG126 SEG127 SEG128
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-14 - 7. CONNECTION WITH 8051 FAMILY MPU 8051 P0.0-P0.7 8 LCD Module DB0-DB7 8 74HC373 A0 A1 RS R/W P2.5-P2.7 3 74HC138 Y0 Y1 CS1 CS2 /RD /WR E RST /RST a. Applicaion Circui 1 8051 LCD Module 8 P1.0-P1.7 DB0-DB7 P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 RST RS R/W E CS1 CS2 /RST b. Applicaion Circui 2
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-15 - 8. ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25 C) Iem Symbol Condiion Min. Typ. Max. Uni Noe View Angle Φ2-Φ1 Cr 2, θ=0 -- 70 -- Deg Noe1, Noe2 Conras Raio Cr Φ=0,θ=0 3 -- -- -- Noe3 Response Time r (rise) Φ=0,θ=0 -- 200 -- ms f (fall) Φ=0,θ=0 -- 250 -- ms Noe4 Z(φ=0 ) Top Y(θ =180, φ =-90 ) φ1 φ2 Cr Max Cr X X' 2.0 θ Boom Y'(θ =0, φ=+90 ) φ1 φ2 Noe1: Definiion of viewing angle φ, θ Noe2: Definiion of viewing angle range φ1, φ2 Brighness B1 Non-selecive sae Selecive sae Non-selecive sae B2 Brighness 100% 90% 10% Driving Volage r f Time Conras Raio = Brighness of non-seleced do (B1) Brighness of seleced do (B2) Noe3: Definiion of conras raio (posiive ype) Noe3: Definiion of response ime
9. DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-16 -
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-17 - 10. LCD MODULE NUMBERING SYSTEM Y G 128 64 3 - B M D W H 6 V - XXXXX (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (1) Brand (2) Module ype C - Characer module G - Graphic module (3) Display forma Characer module : Number of characers per line, wo digis XX Graphic module : Number of columns, hree digis XXX (4) Display forma Characer module : Number of lines, one digi X Graphic module : Number of rows, wo or hree digis XX or XXX (5) Developmen number : One or wo digis X or XX (6) LCD mode T - TN Posiive, Gray N - TN Negaive, Blue S - STN Posiive, Yellow green G - STN Posiive, Gray B - STN Negaive, Blue F - FSTN Posiive, Whie K - FSTN Negaive, Black L - FSTN Negaive, Blue Q - FFSTN Negaive, Black (7) Polarizer mode R - Reflecive F - Transflecive M - Transmissive (8) Backligh ype N - Wihou backligh L - Array LED D - Edge ligh LED E - EL C - CCFL (9) Backligh color Y - Yellow green B - Blue W - Whie G - Green A - Amber R - Red M - Muli color Nil - Wihou backligh (10) Operaing emperaure range S - Sandard emperaure (0 o +50 o C) H - Exended emperaure (-20 o +70 o C) (11) Viewing direcion 3-3:00 6-6:00 9-9:00 U - 12:00 (12) DC-DC Converer N or Nil - Wihou DC-DC converer V - Buil in DC-DC converer (13) Version code Nil or 0 o ZZZZZ - Version code
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-18 - 11. PRECAUTIONS FOR USE OF LCD MODULE 11.1 Handing Precauions 1) The display panel is made of glass. Do no subjec i o a mechanical shock by dropping i from a high place, ec. 2) If he display panel is damaged and he liquid crysal subsance inside i leaks ou, be sure no o ge any in your mouh. If he subsance comes ino conac wih your skin or clohes, promply wash i off using soap and waer. 3) Do no apply excessive force on he surface of display or he adjoining areas of LCD module since his may cause he color one o vary. 4) The polarizer covering he display surface of he LCD module is sof and easily scrached. Handle his polarizer carefully. 5) If he display surface of LCD module becomes conaminaed, blow on he surface and genly wipe i wih a sof dry cloh. If i is heavily conaminaed, moisen cloh wih one of he following solvens. Isopropyl alcohol Ehyl alcohol Solvens oher han hose menioned above may damage he polarizer. Especially, do no use he following: Waer Keone Aromaic Solvens 6) When mouning he LCD module make sure ha i is free of wising, warping, and disorion. Disorion has grea influence upon display qualiy. Also keep he siffness enough regarding he ouer case. 7) Be sure o avoid any solven such as flux for soldering never sick o Hea-Seal. Such solven on Hea-Seal may cause connecion problem of hea-seal and TAB. 8) Do no forcibly pull or bend he TAB I/O erminals. 9) Do no aemp o disassemble or process he LCD module. 10) NC erminal should be open. Do no connec anyhing. 11) If he logic circui power is off, do no apply he inpu signals. 12) To preven desrucion of he elemens by saic elecriciy, be careful o mainain an opimum work environmen. Be sure o ground he body when handling he LCD module. Tools required for assembly, such as soldering irons, mus be properly grounded. To reduce he amoun of saic elecriciy generaed, do no conduc assembly and oher work under dry condiions. The LCD module is coaed wih a film o proec he display surface. Exercise care when peeling off his proecive film since saic elecriciy may be generaed. 11.2 Sorage Precauions 1) When soring he LCD module, avoid exposure o direc sunligh or o he ligh of fluorescen lamps and high emperaure/high humidiy. Whenever possible, he LCD module should be sored in he same condiions in which hey were shipped from our company.
YG128643-xxDWH6V Rev 0.1-19 - 2) Exercise care o minimize corrosion of he elecrodes. Corrosion of he elecrodes is acceleraed by waer droples or a curren flow in a high humidiy environmen. 11.3 Design Precauions 1) The absolue maximum raings represen he raed value beyond which LCD module can no exceed. When he LCD modules are used in excess of his raed value, heir operaing characerisics may be adversely affeced. 2) To preven he occurrence of erroneous operaion caused by noise, aenion mus be paid o saisfy VIL, VIH specificaion values, including aking he precauion of using signal cables ha are shor. 3) The liquid crysal display exhibis emperaure dependency characerisics. Since recogniion of he display becomes difficul when he LCD is used ouside is designaed operaing emperaure range, be sure o use he LCD wihin his range. Also, keep in mind ha he LCD driving volage levels necessary for clear displays will vary according o emperaure. 4) Sufficienly noice he muual noise inerference occurred by peripheral devices. 5) To cope wih EMI, ake measures basically on oupuing side. 6) If DC is impressed on he liquid crysal display panel, display definiion is rapidly deerioraed by he elecrochemical reacion ha occurs inside he liquid crysal display panel. To eliminae he opporuniy of DC impressing, be sure o mainain he AC characerisics of he inpu signals sen o he LCD Module. 11.4 Ohers 1) Liquid crysals solidify under low emperaures (below he sorage emperaure range) leading o defecive orienaion or he generaion of air bubbles (black or whie). Air bubbles may also be generaed if he LCD module is subjeced o a srong shock a a low emperaure. 2) If he LCD modules have been operaing for a long ime showing he same display paerns, he display paerns may remain on he screen as ghos images and a sligh conras irregulariy may also appear. A normal operaing saus can be regained by suspending use for some ime. I should be noed ha his phenomenon does no adversely affec performance reliabiliy. 3) To minimize he performance degradaion of he LCD modules resuling from desrucion caused by saic elecriciy, ec., exercise care o avoid ouching he following secions when handling he module: Terminal elecrode secions. Par of paern wiring on TAB, ec.