Uni Six A a resauran Targe Language I was wondering if you are free his Saurday evening. Le s have dinner ogeher, shall we? I can wai o see you. Are you ready o order now? Would you like anyhing o drink? <Key Vocabulary> VERBS sui scan recommend wonder ick order NOUNS reservaion resauran hos/ hosess ADJECTIVES ready
Six LISTENING AND READING 1. Wach your eacher playing he roles of Q-rex and Q-y on he phone. 2. Read and lisen. Q-y : Hello? Q-rex : Hello. Is ha Q-y? I s Q-rex here. I was wondering if you are free his Saurday evening. Q-y : Hi, Q-rex. Yes. I ll be free afer 6 o clock. Q-rex : Oh, good. Le s have dinner ogeher, shall we? Q-y : I d love o. Wha ime? Q-rex : Would Saurday a seven sui you? Q-y : I can wai o see you. 3. Lisen and repea. Informal expression LISTENING AND READING Formal expression I can wai o see you. I look forward o seeing you. (or I am looking forward o seeing you.) I look forward o see you. N.B. o is a preposiion here. Are you free his Saurday? I was wondering if you are free his Saurday. ROLE PLAYING 4. Roleplay. 5. Change roles. Your eacher is Q-rex. You are Q-y. 6. Q-rex and Q-y are a a resauran. Wach your eacher playing he roles of Q-rex and a resauran hos. 7. Read and lisen. Hos : Good evening. Welcome o Risorane Sabaini. Q-rex : Thank you. A able for wo please. Hos : Have you made a reservaion? Q-rex : Yes. Q-rex for seven o clock. (The hos scans hrough he lis and icks he name.) Hos : Of course. Please come his way. 8. Lisen and repea. ROLE PLAYING 9. Roleplay. 10. Change roles. Your eacher is he resauran hos. You are Q-rex. GRAMMAR MEMO Afer Le s + infiniive, he quesion-ag is shall we? GRAMMAR MEMO Resauran hoss (or hosesses) are responsible for greeing guess when hey arrive a he resauran. They also sea he guess a ables and make sure ha hey enjoy heir meal.
Six LISTENING AND READING 11. Wach your eacher playing he roles of Q-rex and a resauran waier. 12. Read and lisen. Waier : Are you ready o order now? Q-rex : Yes, I hink so. I ll have he roas lamb wih a salad and my friend will have he chicken and rice wih omaoes. Waier : And would you like anyhing o drink? Q-rex : I d like some red wine. Is here an Ialian wine you can recommend? Waier : Well, he Valpolicella is very nice. Q-rex : Yes, a bole of he Valpolicella hen, please. Waier : Thank you. 13. Lisen and repea. ROLE PLAYING 14. Roleplay. 15. Change roles. Your eacher is he waier. You are Q-rex. SPEAKING 16. Now answer your eacher s quesions Grammar Focus Afer Le s + infiniive, he quesion-ag is shall we? look forward o I was wondering if WRITING Check 6 Word order Wrie he words in he correc order. Each senence mus begin wih a capial leer. 1. wondering / evening / I / you / was / free / Saurday / are / his / if /. / 2. order / are / now / o / ready / you /? / 3. o / like / anyhing / you / would / drink /?/
Seven His books are never boring. Targe Language Tha s why I have chosen his resauran. Are you reading anyhing ineresing now? You know I m fond of reading ficion. Wha do you hink of he book? <Key Vocabulary> NOUNS paperback ficion auhor inrigue ADJECTIVES glad fascinaing ineresing exciing leading boring ADVERBS definiely
Seven LISTENING AND READING 1. Wach your eacher playing he roles of Q-rex and Q-y. 2. Read and lisen. Q-y : Q-rex. This Ialian resauran is lovely. Q-rex : I m glad you like i here. I know you like Ialian food. Tha s why I have chosen his resauran. I also know you like reading paperback books. Are you reading anyhing ineresing now? Q-y : Yes. You know I m fond of reading ficion. And now I m reading a book iled Avenger by Frederick Forsyh. He is he auhor of fascinaing books, such as The Day Of The Jackal, The Dogs of War and The Odessa File. GRAMMAR MEMO Q-rex : Wha do you hink of he book? Q-y : I hink i s really exciing. Forsyh is a leading auhor of suspense and inernaional inrigue. All his books have been inernaional bessellers. His books are never boring. Q-rex : Maybe I should read i myself. Q-y : Yes, definiely. I recommend ha you read i. I ve almos finished reading i. And I mus say I m looking forward o reading his nex book! 3. Lisen and repea. 4. Underline and number (from 1 o 12) all he ~ing forms in he ex. 5. Say which of he underlined words are: a) ing forms acing as nouns (e.g. I love reading.) b) adjecives formed by adding ing (e.g. an ineresing book) c) presen pariciples, funcioning as componens of a verb phrase (e.g. He is reading a book.) Complee he char for he ~ing forms. Wrie he examples from he dialog. -ing nouns -ing adjecives -ing verbs Modal verb should expresses wha, in he speaker s opinion, is righ or good for people o do. 1. Suggesion or advice I hink you should exercise more. 2. Mild obligaion American ciizens in his counry should regiser wih he American Embassy. 1. like reading 2. Are (you) reading 3. anyhing ineresing 4. of reading 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Seven Grammar Reference -ing form (a) -ing nouns* = gerund = nouns (formed by adding -ing o he verb) (b) -ing adjecives = paricipial adjecives (formed by adding -ing o he verb) o modify nouns = he presen pariciple funcioning as an adjecive (c) -ing verbs = progressive enses made wih forms of be + presen pariciple -ing * Remember ha a o-infiniive never follows a preposiion, bu an ing form or a noun does. He is good a o swim. He is good a swimming. * The ing nouns ac like a verb and a noun a he same ime. I can be followed by an objec (e.g. reading paperback books), bu i can also iself be he subjec (e.g. Reading books will do you good.), he objec (e.g. I like reading books.), or he complemen of a senence (e.g. His hobby is reading books.) EVERYDAY ENGLISH Asking and giving opinions Wha do you hink of ~? I recommend (ha) you (should) read i I recommend you o read i. SPEAKING 13. Now answer your eacher s quesions Grammar Focus Difference in ing forms Modal verb should Asking and giving opinions WRITING Check 7 Word order Wrie he words in he correc order. Each senence mus begin wih a capial leer. 1. bessellers / have / inernaional / books / his / all / been /. / 2. book / looking / reading / nex / his / forward / I m / o /. / 3. anyhing / you / ineresing / are / now / reading /? / 4. book / wha / you / hink / he / of / do /? /
Eigh I was really impressed by he fascinaing plo. Targe Language I was a page urner for me. I was also amused by he wis ending. I m geing excied o read his nex novel. <Key Vocabulary> NOUNS page urner plo advenure VERBS miss ADJECTIVES fascinaing saisfying fas-moving impressed amused saisfied disappoined excied LISTENING AND READING 1. Lisen o Q-y. 2. Read and lisen. Hello, (S s name). I jus finished Frederick Forsyh s Avenger. I was a page urner for me. I was really impressed by he fascinaing plo. And I was also amused by he wis ending. A smooh and saisfying read. Forsyh fans will enjoy his fas-moving advenure and hey will be saisfied wihou doub. I ve loved Forsyh since I read The Day of he Jackal when I was abou fifeen years old. I ve read all he books he wroe and I have never been disappoined. I m geing excied o read his nex novel. I don wan o miss i.
Eigh 3. Lisen and repea. 4. Underline and number he pariciples, boh he ing pariciples and he pas pariciples, (from 1 o 11) in he ex. (a) (b) Grammar Hins Adjecives and adverbs Adjecives describe nouns. We normally use adjecives in wo posiions before nouns ( aribuive adjecives ; e.g. She is a beauiful woman.) and afer linking verbs, such as be, ge, seem, appear, become, urn, grow, feel, look, ase, sound, smell, ec. The laer is called predicaive adjecives ; e.g. She is beauiful. She looks happy. Wih verbs, we usually use adverbs, no adjecives. She sang beauiful. She sang beauifully. Bu wih linking verbs, we use adjecives. She looked beauifully. She looked beauiful. Paricipial adjecives The presen pariciple (Verb-ing) conveys an acive meaning. 1. The game excies he people. I is an exciing game. The game is exciing. In (a): The noun game performs an acion, causing he people an emoion of exciemen. The pas pariciple (Verb ed) conveys a passive meaning. 2. The people are excied by he game. They are excied people. They are excied. In (b): The noun people receives he acion. Thus, hey are described as excied people. 5. Complee he senences wih he presen or pas pariciple of he verbs in ialics. 1. The game bores he people. I is a.. game. 2. The people are bored by he game. They are.people. 3. The news surprised he man. I was.news. 4. The man was surprised by he news. He was a man. 5. The work exhaused he men. I was..work. 6. The men were exhaused by he work. They were men. 6. Complee he senences wih he presen or pas pariciple of he verbs in parenheses. 1. The (seal) car was recovered. 2. A..(damage) earhquake occurred in Japan recenly. 3. People are sill repairing he many (damage) buildings and srees. 4. The eacher gave us a.(challenge) assignmen. GRAMMAR HINTS In he Unied Saes, bracke usually refers specifically o he square or box ype; in Briish usage i normally refers o he round ype, which is called a parenhesis mark in American usage. Square brackes also called simply brackes (US) [ ] Parenheses (singular, parenhesis) also called simply brackes (UK), or round brackes ( )
Eigh 7. ERROR ANALYSIS Find and correc errors in he following. 1. John is ineresing in poliics. 2. The news was shocked. 3. The breaking window needs o be repaired. 4. John hinks ha poliics is ineresed. 5. Is your life ineresed? 6. I am exciing by he prospec of a promoion. SPEAKING 8. Now answer your eacher s quesions. Respond wih a presen or pas pariciple. 1. (a) If a noise annoys you, how would you describe he noise? The noise is annoying. (b) How would you describe yourself? I am annoyed (by he noise). 2. (a) If a book disappoins you, how would you describe he book? (b) How would you describe yourself? 3. (a) If an even amazes you, how would you describe he even? (b) How would you describe yourself? 4. (a) If he weaher depresses you, how would you describe he weaher? (b) How would you describe yourself? Grammar Focus Paricipial adjecives Adjecives vs Adverbs Parenheses and Brackes WRITING Check 8 Word order Wrie he words in he correc order. Each senence mus begin wih a capial leer. 1. never / disappoined / been / have / I /. / 2. me / was / urner / for / page / a / i /. / 3. novel / nex / excied / read / o / geing / I m / his /. /
Nine The food smells nice. Targe Language This is our living-dining room. The room looks really comforable! You look hungry. The soup ases good. <Key Vocabulary> NOUNS living-dining room helping VERBS gree ase ADJECTIVES comforable LISTENING AND READING 1. Lisen o he conversaion beween Q-y and Q-rex. Q-y invied Q-rex o come o her house for dinner.
Nine 2. Read and lisen. (Q-y grees Q-rex a he door.) Q-rex : Hi, Q-y. Q-y : Hi, Q-rex. Glad you could come. (Q-rex gives her a bole of wine.) Q-y : Thanks, bu you didn have o bring anyhing. Please come his way. This is our living-dining room. Q-rex : Wow! The room looks really comforable! Q-y : Please make yourself a home. Q-rex : And he food smells nice. Q-y : Good! You look hungry. Would you like o sar wih he soup? Q-rex : Yes... The soup ases good. I ll have a second helping, please! 3. Lisen and repea. EVERYDAY ENGLISH When invied o someone s home for dinner, i is proper eiquee o show your appreciaion by bringing a houghful gif such as flowers, a bole of fine wine, ec. The hosess/ hos will usually say, Thanks, bu you didn have o bring anyhing. You say, Please make yourself a home. o ell your gues o relax and feel less formal. When you like he food and wan more, you say, I ll have a second helping, please! Grammar Reference Linking verbs(=copulaive verbs) A linking verb is a verb which links he subjec(noun) and a complemen(noun or adjecive). Linking verbs do no describe acion. 1. This is our living-dining room. (Subjec) (Linking verb) (Complemen: noun) S = C Is in his senence is a linking verb 2. You looked hungry. (Subjec) (Linking verb) (Complemen: adjecive) S = C In his senence looked is a linking verb. 3. You looked for food. (Subjec) (Acion verb) (Modifier: preposiion + noun) S M Looked is an acion verb in his senence. Look for means search for. Some common linking verbs include: be / become (and ge/ urn/ grow/ when hey mean become ) look/ seem/ appear/ smell/ sound/ ase/ feel/ remain/ say/ keep.
Nine 4. Choose he correc form (adjecive or adverb) in parenheses. 1. This problem looks (easy/ easily). I m sure I can solve i (easy/ easily). 2. This milk ases (srange/ srangely). 3. You d beer hurry. You re always so (slow/ slowly). 4. The soup ases (good/ well). 5. Complee each senence wih a verb (in he correc form) and an adjecive from he boxes. urn be sound smell seem keep ge feel 1. Jane seemed unhappy his morning. Somehing mus be wrong wih her. 2. My grandmoher is... Her hair is 3. I s cold ouside. You d beer 4. Mike has jus come back from Brazil. Rio de Janeiro. really. 5. Mm! Somehing 6. I.. o discover ha I had been omied. 6. Pu in he correc word. 1. I always feel (happy/ happily) when he sun is shining. 2. The child was playing (happy/ happily) on he beach. 3. If a sory is (exciing/ excied), you are (exciing/ excied) when you read i. 4. Afer a (iring/ ired) day a work, you feel (iring/ ired). 5. If an explanaion is (confusing/ confused), you ge (confusing/ confused). ROLE PLAYING 7. Roleplay. 8. Change roles. SPEAKING WRITING Your eacher is Q-rex. You are Q-y. 9. Now answer your eacher s quesions. Grammar Focus Linking verbs Adjecives vs Adverbs grey exciing angry warm wrong good old unhappy Check 9 Word order Wrie he words in he correc order. Each senence mus begin wih a capial leer. 1. bring / anyhing / o / have / didn / you /. / 2. helping / have / second / a / I ll / please /. / 3. sun / happy / shining / feel / always / he / I / when / is /. /
Ten Wha is solar energy? Targe Language Sunligh is a clean, renewable source of energy. I is a susainable resource. We don know when we will be able o make full use of his energy. <Key Vocabulary> NOUNS energy elecriciy indusry businesses source resource demand poenial environmen insallaion VERBS provide ADJECTIVES solar renewable susainable available significan LISTENING AND READING 1. Lisen o Q-rex.
Ten 2. Read and lisen. Wha is solar energy? Solar energy means using he energy of sunligh o provide elecriciy, o hea waer, and o hea or cool homes, businesses or indusry. Sunligh, unlike gas, oil and coal, is a clean, renewable source of energy. I is a susainable resource. I is available in pleny. In fac, i is ineresing o know ha one hour of solar power on he earh can mee he energy demand of he world for one year! I is well-known ha solar power has grea poenial and solar energy is he energy of he fuure, bu i is surprising ha in 2008 solar power supplied less han 0.02% of he world s oal energy supply. A significan problem wih solar power is he capial insallaion cos, alhough he energy from he sun is pracically FREE! Solar energy is clean and susainable. I plays an imporan role in proecing our environmen. We don know, however, when we will be able o make full use of his environmenally friendly energy. 3. Lisen and repea 4. Underline and number (from 1 o 6) every i in he ex. Wha does each i refer o? Gender-neural pronoun i 1. I ofen refers back o a noun or noun phrase already menioned, in order o preven repeiion. 2. I : preparaory subjec When he subjec of a senence is a o-infiniive or a ha-clause, his is no usually pu a he beginning. We ofen begin he senence wih i and pu he real subjec a he end. To wear a safey bel is compulsory. Uncommon and oo formal I is compulsory o wear a sea bel. More naural Tha she loves you is obvious. Uncommon and oo formal I is obvious ha she loves you. More naural 3. Empy i We use i as an empy subjec in alking abou he ime, he weaher, and oher background condiions. Wha ime is i? I s en o clock. I s warm oday. How far is i o London? WRITING Grammar Reference 5. Change he quesion in parenheses o a noun clause. 1. (How old is he?) I don know how old he is. 2. (Wha was she alking abou?) Wha she was alking abou was ineresing. 3. (Where do you work?) Please ell me.. 4. (Wha did she say?).. wasn rue. 5. (How much does i cos?) I can remember. 6. (Why did she leave he counry?) is a secre. 7. (How many leers are here in he English alphabe?) I don remember
Ten Grammar Hin Noun clauses wih quesion word A noun clause is used as a subjec or an objec in a senence. (a) I don know when she will arrive. (b) I ll call you when she arrives. In (a) : when she will arrive is a noun clause and he objec of he verb know. Do no use quesion word order in a noun clause. I don know when will she arrive. In (b): when she arrives is an adverbial Time clause and no he objec of he verb call. So, i is no followed by will. (vid. Uni 2) SPEAKING 6. Oral exercise wih your book closed Begin your response wih I don know Example : Wha ime is i? Response : I don know wha ime i is. 1. Wha is Q-y s favourie colour? 2. How long has she been living here? 3. Wha is Q-y s elephone number? 4. Why is she smiling? 5. Where did she go afer work yeserday? SPEAKING 7. Make a quesion from he given senence. The words in parenheses should be he answer o he quesion you make. Use a quesion word (who, wha, how, ec.), hen change he quesion o a noun clause. 1. Q-y lives (in London). Quesion : Where does Q-y live? Noun Clause : I wan o know where Q-y lives. 2. Jane bough (a new dicionary). Quesion : Noun Clause : Do you know? 3. I is (150 miles) from here o London. Quesion : Noun Clause : I need o know 4. Q-rex was lae for work (because he missed he bus). Quesion : Noun Clause : The head eacher wans o know 5. The plane is supposed o land (a 9:30 a.m.). Quesion : Noun Clause : Could you ell me
Ten SPEAKING 8. Now answer your eacher s quesions. Grammar Focus Gender-neural pronoun i Noun clauses wih quesion word WRITING Check 10 Word order Wrie he words in he correc order. Each senence mus begin wih a capial leer. 1. renewable / of / is / source / energy / a / sunligh /. / 2. available / pleny / sunligh / is / in /. / 3. grea / well-known / is / has / power / ha / i / poenial / solar /. /
Progress Check I. Make a zero condiional senence using he words. Ex. Waer / boil / hea / o 100 degrees Answer: Waer boils if you hea i o 100 degrees. 1. ice / floas / you / drop / i / in waer 2. iron / russ / i / ges / we 3. my daugher / eas / oo much chocolae / she / ges / sick 4. if / no / rain / he grass / no / grow / i 5. you / no / ea / you / die II. A. Choose he correc response for each senence. 1. If I leave now, I in Tokyo by 8:00 PM. a. will arrive b. arrive 2. If I bake a cake, have some? a. will you b. do you 3. If he ha, he will be sorry. a. will do b. does 4. If you don go o he pary I very upse. a. am b. will be 5. If you greasy food, you will become fa. a. ea b. will ea B. Complee each senence below wih when or if. 1. (When / If) i rains omorrow, we won have a picnic. 2. I m going o Japan. I ll phone you (when / if) I ge back. 3. We ll cach he rain (when / if) we leave immediaely. 4. My faher will buy me a car (when /if) I m eigheen. 5. (When / If) John doesn come in his car, we ll ake he subway. III. Fill in he gap using he verb in brackes. Some need negaives. 1. If she didn ake so long in he shower, she more ime for breakfas. ( have) 2. I wouldn do ha if I you. ( be) 3. If you so much beer, you wouldn be so fa. (drink) 4. If I had more free ime, I a play. ( wrie) 5. If hey so hard, hey wouldn be so ired all he ime. ( work) IV. For each siuaion, wrie a senence beginning wih If. 1. I didn alk o her because she was rude o me. 2. The weaher was so bad ha s why we didn go ou. 3. I didn go ou because I was so ired. 4. The acciden happened because he road was icy.
Progress Check V. Complee he senences wih he presen or pas pariciple of he verbs in ialics. 1. The game bores he people. I is a.. game. 2. The people are bored by he game. They were. people. 3. The news surprised he man. I was. news. 4. The man was surprised by he news. He was a. man. 5. The work exhaused he men. I was. work. 6. The men were exhaused by he work. They were men. VI. Choose he correc form (adjecive or adverb) in parenheses. 1. This problem looks (easy/easily). I m sure I can solve i (easy/easily). 2. This milk ases (srange/srangely). 3. You d beer hurry. You re always so (slow/slowly). 4. The soup ases (good/well). VII. Change he quesion in parenheses o a noun clause. 1. (How old is he?) I don know how old he is. 2. (Wha was she alking abou?) was ineresing. 3. (Where do you work?) Please ell me. 4. (Wha did she say?) wasn rue. 5. (How much does i cos?) I can remember _. 6. (Why did she leave he counry?) is a secre. 7. (How many leers are here in he English alphabe?) I don remember _. VIII. Mach he senence halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I wish he lived nearer. I wish I d passed he es. I wish you would go away. I wish I didn have o go. I wish you wouldn use bad language. I wish I d bough i. I wish I hadn done i. I wish she were here. I wish I weren going. I wish I could see him more ofen. bu you do. bu you won. bu I do. bu he doesn. bu i was so expensive. bu I didn. bu I can. bu I am. bu I did. bu she isn.