DPhil SR953 RESEARCH FOR 21ST CENTURY SCHOLARSHIP Supplement 2015 Joy Montgomery and David Ward, Oxford Graduate School (Thanks to Allison Shade)
I. Reference Management Software 4 Learning How to Learn 4 Information Literacy 4 Developmental Readings 5 Zotero Overview 5 Pre-instillation Check-in 5 Install Zotero 6 Information Literacy System/ Tool Box 7 II. Zotero and its Features 8 Layout and Sections 8 Organize Research: Collections (Left Column) 8 Capture Research: Entries (Middle Column) 11 Books 11 Journals 13 Manual Entry 16 Developing Research: Expansion (Right Column) 17 Information 17 Notes 17 Tags 18 III. Creating 60 Day Assingments 19 Note Development 19 Notes and the Developmental Reading 19 2
Composition of Notes 19 Elements of Developmental Readings 21 Bibliography 22 Creating the Biblilography 22 Exporting the Biblilography 23 Putting it Together: Constructing the Assignment 24 Creating the Structure: Exporting and Pasting 24 Clean-up 26 Saving and Submitting the Assignment 27 Closing out a Session 27 IV.Creating 90 Day Assingments 28 In-text Citations 28 In-text Bibliography 30 In-text Troubleshooting 30 V. Other Items 32 APA Format 32 Practice 33 Example Developmental Reading Log 33 3
Reference Management Software Learning How to Learn Learning Tip: Learning how to learn is the 21st Century s key survival skill. A. Missional Learning: Reading with your learning goals in mind. B. Strategic Learning: 1. FOCUS- Keep the end in sight. 2. BE SELECTIVE- Choose sources wisely. 3. DEFLECT DISTRACTION- Manage discovery, Save rabbit trails, return to laters in another folder. 4. OMG Principle- Repeat previous insights. Information Literacy A. Reference management software, citation management software or personal bibliographic management software is software for scholars and authors to use for recording and utilizing bibliographic citations (references). Once a citation has been recorded, it can be used time and again in generating bibliographies, such as lists of references in scholarly books, articles and essays. B. Information Literacy is the ability to: a. Identify. b. Locate. c. Evaluate. d. Use information effectively.
Developmental Readings A. Developmental Readings are one of the main applications in the program for learning information literacy. B. Developmental Readings = (Enhanced) Annotated Bibliographies. C. The way OGS teaches research involves using Reference Management Software to create a specific format of annotated bibliographies. D. Zotero is the RMS means to create the Developmental Readings Assignment. Zotero Overview A. Store all your online sources in one place. B. Access sources and notes from any computer with Internet access (it is both cloud based and stand alone on your computer). C. Annotate, highlight, and create notes for each source. D. Automatically cite sources. E. Create records and citations for non-web sources, too. F. Organize sources in collections. G. Tag sources with multiple topics (keywords). H. Get started with basic tools immediately. I. With the Word Plugin, you can export Works Cited pages directly to a Microsoft Word document. Learning Tip: Zotero is your Artificial Intelligence help for 21st Century Research! Pre-instillation Check-in A. Google Chrome- installed, updated and open B. Microsoft Word- installed, updated and open 5
Install Zotero A. Download- go to www.zotero.org, click download to access download page. B. You will be taken to the page www.zotero.org/download/ C. Save- here you have the choice of Zotero for Firefox or Standalone- here choose Standalone as we wish to use it in Google Chrome, the same browser we use for Populi Software. 1 2 D.1st download Zotero for (Windows or Mac)- Run and install. E. 2nd add a browser extension for Chrome. F. 3rd click on Zotero Connector in the page that opens and you are done. 3 The blue box Free should turn green to Added to Chrome 6
Information Literacy System/ Tool Box A. Reference Management Software helps your information literacy to use what you find by organizing it so you can use it to produce assignments. B. Return to http://www.zotero.org/download/ and note at the bottom of the page: C D E C. Client= Operating System- Your Computer (PC/Mac). D. Connectors= Browsers - Prefered Search Engine (In this case, we are using Google Chrome due to its compatibility with Populi). E. Extensions= Word Processors, Plugins - For Programs and additions. 7
Zotero and its Features Layout and Sections A. Open Zotero and notice three sections: My Library, Title, and Information B. In the above illustration the left column collection selected is An Example Center Column: Capture Research Left Column: Organize Research Right Column: Develop Research Folder, the Center Column reference selected is a book entitled Zotero: A guide for librarians.., and the book s bibliographic information is listed in the right hand column including its type, title, author, publisher, date, number of pages, language, and ISBN. Organize Research: Collections (Left Column) A. Collections allow hierarchical organization of groups of items. B. It is important to understand that items can be assigned to multiple collections, and that doing so does not duplicate the item. In this sense collections are more like itunes playlists than folders in a computer filesystem: just as a single song can be added to more than one playlist, a single item in a Zotero library can be added to multiple collections. The library root My Library for personal libraries or the group name for group libraries always shows all 8
items in the library, and items are duplicates only if they appear multiple times in that view ( http://www.zotero.org/support/collections_and_tags ). C. Creating Collections: 1. To create a collection click the button in the top left hand corner = add collection. 2. Practice: Add a collection now and entitle it Core 1. 3. Practice: Right click Core 1 to add a new subcollection entitle it COM 803. 4. It is suggested that you set up your folders to look something like this: Title of Course Assignments Downloaded Research Syllabus and Worksheets Title of Course A Digital Filing Cabinet: Your Organizational System 9
5. Practice: Please add a collection under My Library entitled Example. a. Highlight My Library under the left hand column. b. Left Click the top left hand button to add collection. c. Type in the name: Example and clik OK. F. Deleting Collection: Highlight the collection and the delete button. 10
Capture Research: Entries (Middle Column) Books A. Open Zotero (which you should have open now and the Example file selected). B. Open Google Chrome and go to Google Search www.google.com. C. Now go to the far right and select the more tab and click books. D. In search tab write how to read a book then click Search books. 11
E. Here is what your search in google books resulted in: choose the first book. F. A screen like this appeared and something magical happened! G. Look in the top right corner, a blue book much like in Zotero should appear if you have Zotero open. H. If Zotero that you have the collection you wish to add it to selected- then Click on the book and its information should be automatically added! 12
Journals A. Let us try now to add a few journal articles! B. Keep Zotero open, go back to www.google.com. C. Now scroll over to the More tab, then click at the bottom Even More. D. Scroll down to Scholar under Specialized Search on the right side. 13
E. Now type in How to read a book and search journal articles! F. Notice that a folder appears in the top right hand corner of your window. 14
G. Click on the folder and it should look like this: H. At this point you can check off which articles you wish to add to your collection and it will be done, select the first four, hit ok button at the bottom right and look back at Zotero. I. All these articles should have been added to your collection and look something like this: J. Amazon is also another good source for grabbing sources. 15
K. Practice: Take a book off the shelf and add it to Zotero by looking it up in Google Books: http://books.google.com/. Manual Entry A. You can also type in your entry manually into Zotero. B. Practice: Take a book from the shelf. C. Method 1- Enter ISBN for a book. D. Method 2- Add Entry- Select what type you wish to enter-this time, a book. E. Now you can manually enter the information for the source in the left column. 16
Developing Research: Expansion (Right Column) Information A. The information tab is where Biblographic information on an entry is stored. B. Information can be edited, changed, and added to here. Notes A. The note tab is where you can add notes to yourself or store quotes. B. You can add a note to an entry: 1. Slecting the entry you wish to take a note for in the center column. 2. Select the Notes tab in the right column. 3. Select Add. 4. Your result should look like this:... more on this later... 1 2 3 17
Tags A. Tags are basically keywords added to an entry. B. You can add a tag to an entry: 1. Slect the entry you wish to make a tag for in the center column. 2. Select the Tag tab in the right column. 3. Select Add. 4. Your result should look like this: 1 2 3 5. It is good to add a tag or two on the a. Course topic. b. Course number. c. One tag was already added to this first entry (in red) Philosophy/ General. d. Here I added (blue tags) COM 803, Example, and Research. C. Tags are searchable and can help when compiling research on a subject. 18
Creating 60 Day Assignments Note Development Notes and the Developmental Reading A. Notes will be critical to the Developmental Readings process. B. For each source you will add a note for each entry of your Developmental Readings log. C. From these notes you will build your Developmental Readings assignments for each class that you take. D. For each source you may average 2-5 entries of quotes/paraphrases. Composition of Notes A. Each Developmental Reading Note Entry will have three sections: (Quote/ Paraphrase, Additive/Variant Analysis, Contextualization) 1. Quote = direct quote from the source, in quotation marks with the page number. (p. 2) ; Paraphrase = summarizing the quote in your own words with the page number. (p. 2) 19
2. Additive/Variant Analysis = In relation to the quote or paraphrase, whether it is additive information (twofold: it adds to your knowledge, and agrees with your worldview and your perspective) or variant information (adds to your knowledge but disagrees with your worldview or perspective, getting to know positions to be aware of that you may need to refute). 3. Contextualization = how this piece of knowledge can be applied personally, professionally, culturally, or to later research. Also include unresolved questions. B. Practice: In the note you have opened, type in the Notes to look like this: C. This is where you will write your Developmental Readings. D. Each Note will be comprised of the three sections. E. You may have several Notes for each source. F. Number the Notes as you go along: 1, 2, etc. for each source G. You can duplicate the entry we had before (layout of Quote, Analysis, and Contextualization) by right clicking the Note in the center column, and choosing Duplicate Item - all that is within this note will be replicated into another note 20
H.Practice: Add two more notes to our source to look like this: I. Change the numbers in each note so you have 3 note outlines for the source. Elements of Developmental Readings A. Each 60 day Collection (left side) for each class will have the following: B. 8-12 Sources (middle section). C. At least 2 journals. D. 25-50 entries total for collection. 21
Bibliography Creating the Biblilography A. Practice: We will now create a Developmental Reading Log step by step, starting with the Bibliography. Open Microsoft word and Zotero. B. The Biblography will create a list of our sources arranged alphabetically by the author s last name in APA format. C. In the left column, right-click the Example Folder to highlight all entries in that folder, a screen like this should appear: D. Select: Create Bibliography From Collection...Left Click. E. A Screen like this should appear, select the following: a.citation Style: American Psychological Association 6th edition. b.output Mode: Bibliography. c.output Method: Copy to Clipboard. d.click the OK button in the bottom right hand corner. 22
Exporting the Biblilography A. Go to your blank Microsoft Word page. B. At the cursor in the top left hand corner Click Ctrl + V (in PC) or Command + V (in Mac) to paste your Biblography. C. Your Paper should look (similar) to this: D. Now Bring your cursor to the end of the paper and hit Ctrl + V (or Command + V) again to create an additional Bibliography. E. Label the top Bibliography of your Page: Developmental Reading. F. Lable the top of your Second Bibliography: Bibliography. G. Note: The first Biblography will be flushed out to to create our Annotated Biblography/Developmental Reading- The second Bibliography is for aiding in allowing an overview of sources used. 23
Putting it Together: Constructing the Assignment Creating the Structure: Exporting and Pasting A. Practice: Now we are going to insert our notes or entries into the top section Bibliography section to create our Annotated Bibliography/Developmental Reading Log. B. Keep your Word document open and return to Zotero. C. Highlight in the left section the collection you wish to take the notes from. D. Place your cursor in the middle section and hold down Shift and the ÒYÓ key: each entry s subfolders should appear. E. Now that all the notes have appeared for us under each entry we can begin to insert them into our Developmental Reading Assignment. Open your bibliography in word and prepare your document to insert the notes into your assignment: 24
F. Let us say in this example we wish to export the notes from our first source into our bibilography. Left-click to highlight the first note, then on your keyboard press and hold down shift and the down arrow key until all the notes for your source are highlighted. G. Left click and drag this collected information into where you wish this information to be placed in your word document (under the top biblographic entry for this source) and drop (remove your finger from the Drag from Zotero to Word mouse) H. The result should appear like this: do this for every section of notes. 25
Clean-up A. Now we are going to Clean up our entries. B. Re-number all notes or entries from the beginning numerically from 1-25 (50) to complete your Developmental Reading. C. One more house cleaning- Paragraph Spacing. a. Click Ctrl + A (to select your full document). b. Right click the highlighted section and select Paragraph. c.in the Spacing section, esure that the Before reads 0, the After reads 0, and that line spacing is Double, then click the OK button. B C d. Now your paper should be properly formated for APA and you are done! 26
Saving and Submitting the Assignment A. Save to your folder system (remember the organizing OGS work on your computer training). B. Submit the Assignment from your course folder to DIAL or Moodle. C. Save your OGS Folder System from your computer into its own collection in Zotero (never loose your work again!). Closing out a Session A. Create a session note for your Core Journal which includes Date, Course, Assignment in the title - use standalone notes. B. Within the note, briefly state what you accomplished (for use in your 120 Day Journal Assignments) and your loose ends for next time (like ideas for 90 Day Assignments). C. Sync your Zotero ( i.e. you understand this in other programs as saving to the cloud). D. Periodically create a mirror of your folder system in Zotero (you are backing up your graduate work in the cloud to never loose it again!). 27
Creating 90 Day Assingments In-text Citations A. You can create in-text citations in word. This basically means that you can write a quote in your paper and then ask Zotero to cite it for you in Microsoft Word. B. First, open your Zotero and select the folder that contains the source you are quoting from. C. Second, open Microsoft Word and place your cursor where you wish to place your citation: D. Third, in Microsoft Word, go to the top of your menu bar where at the following icon and right click to open the following menu, select Add Citation ; if it is not here, then go to your Add-ins in Microsoft Word and go from there. 28
E. If you cannot find your Add-ins or the Zotero menu in Word, please refer to the In-Text Troubleshooting Section at the end of this section and then return to this step. F. Now after you click Add Citation a menu like this should appear: select American Psychological Association 6th edition, Fields, and Store references then select OK. G.Now a mock Zotero box will open: Highlight the source you wish to use, then in the bottom right hand corner type in the page number(s) you are citing from and then select OK. H. This should be your result in Microsoft Word: 29
In-text Bibliography A. Once all your citations are done in order to insert a bibliography based solely on what you cited from within your paper: B. First, open Word and place your cursor where you wish to place your bibliography. C. Second go to your Zotero menu within Microsoft Word (either Add-ins or the Symbol) and select Add Bibliography. D. In this instance, I only had one citation, therefore only one entry is in my bibliography: In-text Troubleshooting A. In a PC, the In-text Citations can be found in the Add-ins bar 30
B. Below is a layout of the Add-ins Zotero bar in Word and the various button from the Zotero website: http://www.zotero.org/support/ word processor plugin usagemeanings. 31
Other Items APA Format A. Papers and citations at OGS are to be done in APA (American Psychological Association) format. B. APA style establishes standards of written communication including: the organization of content, writing style, and citing references. 32
Practice A. Practice 1: We need to ensure that all of our items listed in the Bibliography are correct- grab a book off the shelf and go to google books, enter the title of the book and grab the source- once this is done, ensure that the data caught is the same as what is in the book namely the following information: (Note any discrepencies and discuss). 1. Author 2. Title 3. Publisher 4. Publisher Place 5. Date 6. Number of pages B. Practice 2: Now take another book and put in the information the old fashioned way for practice. C. Practice 3: Create a Journal entry based on the following information in your example folder using the highlighted button and the entering the following information: Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896. Example Developmental Reading Log 33
Developmental Reading Log Barton, D. (2012). The Jefferson lies: Exposing the myths you ve always believed about Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Nelson Inc. 1. Quote/Para phrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: 2. Quote/Para phrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: 3. Quote/Para phrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: Bass, D. B. (2012). Christianity after religion: The end of church and the birth of a new spiritual awakening. HarperOne. 4. Quote/Para phrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: 5. Quote/Para phrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: 34
Cosgrove, M. P. (2006). Foundations of christian thought: Faith, learning, and the christian worldview. Kregel Academic.
6. Quote/Paraphrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: 7. Quote/Paraphrase: Additive/Variant: Contextualization: (And so on to 25-50)... Bibliography Barton, D. (2012). The Jefferson lies: Exposing the myths you ve always believed about Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Nelson Inc. Bass, D. B. (2012). Christianity after religion: The end of church and the birth of a new spiritual awakening. HarperOne. Cosgrove, M. P. (2006). Foundations of christian thought: Faith, learning, and the christian worldview. Kregel Academic. (And so on with all sources... ) 35