UNIT 4 FOOD, GLORIOUS FOOD COMMUNICATIVE OBJECTIVES Speaking Talking about specific things Talking about things in general Talking about quantity Comparing people, things and places Ordering food Listening Listening to people doing a questionnaire Listening to people talking about food Reading Reading an article about unusual dishes Reading an article about diet Writing Writing a recipe 82
CONTENTS READING GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Choosing the correct meaning in a bilingual dictionary Predicting what word is going to come next Definite and indefinite articles Countable and uncountable nouns Comparatives Superlatives Types of food Adjectives LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING Reading a questionnaire carefully before listening Listening and reading the tapescript Learning set phrases people use when buying things A procedure for writing a recipe INDEX READING 1.......................................................................... 84 COMPREHENSION CHECK............................................................ 85 GRAMMAR 1: Definite and indefinite articles................................................ 86 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1............................................................... 87 VOCABULARY BUILDING 1: Types of food................................................. 88 LISTENING 1........................................................................ 89 GRAMMAR 2: Countable and uncountable nouns........................................... 90 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2............................................................... 91 STOP AND SEND 1................................................................... 92 READING 2.......................................................................... 93 VOCABULARY BUILDING 2: Adjectives................................................... 94 GRAMMAR 3: Comparatives............................................................ 95 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3............................................................... 96 LISTENING 2........................................................................ 97 GRAMMAR 4: Superlatives............................................................. 98 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4............................................................... 99 STOP AND SEND 2.................................................................. 100 SPEAKING......................................................................... 101 WRITING: Writing a recipe............................................................. 102 STOP AND SEND 3.................................................................. 104 MY LEARNER DIARY................................................................. 105 83
UNIT 4 READING 1 Reading strategy: Use a bilingual dictionary to look up key words when you are reading. Many words have more than one translation. Look carefully at the context and choose the correct translation of the word. 1. Find these words in the text and write a translation. Paragraph 1: dishes Paragraph 2: course ; nest ; swift ; cliff Paragraph 3: main ; spider ; octopus ; swallow ; snake Paragraph 4: dessert ; rotten ; maggot Paragraph 5: berry ; digest SPIDERS, ANYONE? People like travelling to new countries to see new places and try different foods. And, of course every country has its own very special dishes. Dishes such as pizza in Italy, paella in Spain or hamburgers in the United States are all well known and much loved. But there are some less well-known dishes that most people never try. An unusual first course in China is birds nest soup. The nests are made out of the saliva of swifts and they are only found in remote caves and on high cliffs. Collecting the nests is very difficult and dangerous, which makes them an expensive delicacy. A bowl of soup can cost from $30 to $100. For an unusual main course, you could try a Cambodian speciality: fried tarantulas. These are cheaper than birds nests, costing only a few cents, and locals say they taste delicious when they are fried whole with a little garlic and salt. Or if you don t like spiders, you can try some sannakji from Korea. This is a raw dish of live octopus. To help you swallow it, consider a bottle of snake wine from Vietnam. This rice wine has a venomous snake inside. But don t worry: the alcohol makes the venom inactive so it is not dangerous! For dessert, isn t it sometimes nice to have some cheese? Perhaps not! One of the world s strangest cheeses can be found in Sardinia. Casu Marzu is a very unusual cheese. Casu Marzu means rotten cheese, also called locally maggot cheese. As the name suggests, this cheese is full of maggots. Definitely not for me! Finally, to finish the meal, what about a nice cup of coffee? What better than kopi luwak from Indonesia, the most expensive coffee in the world? However, like the rest of this strange meal, this is not typical coffee. It is actually made from the excrement of a cat-like creature called the luwak. The luwak eats only the ripest coffee berries but its stomach can t digest the coffee beans, so they come out whole. Before you get too excited however, you should know that the coffee costs between US$120 and $300 per pound, so you can t have too many cups! 84
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Mark the sentences true or false according to the article. 1. Swifts make their nests near people. TRUE FALSE 2. Birds nest soup is expensive because it is difficult to prepare. TRUE FALSE 3. Fried tarantulas are not expensive. TRUE FALSE 4. Sannakji comes from Vietnam. TRUE FALSE 5. Snake wine has a poisonous snake in the bottle. TRUE FALSE 6. Casu Marzu is a type of wine. TRUE FALSE 7. Kopi luwak has passed through an animal s stomach. TRUE FALSE 2. Rewrite the false sentences correctly. a) b) c) d) 3. Write words from the article in these categories. 1. Dishes and food: 2. Drinks: 3. Insects, animals and birds: 4. Countries: 85
UNIT 4 GRAMMAR 1: Definite and indefinite articles 1. Match the rules to the examples. We use the indefinite articles a and an 1. with singular nouns to indicate one. 2. with jobs. 3. when we talk about a person or thing for the first time. a) I met a nice girl at the dance. The girl was a friend of my sister s. b) She works as a waitress. c) Can I have a hamburger, please? 2. Read the rule and the examples and circle the correct article. We use (1) a / an before nouns beginning with a consonant sound and (2) a / an before nouns beginning with a vowel sound. a cat an orange an umbrella a university an hour a hat 3. Read the rules about the use of the article the. We use the definite article the 1. when the person or the thing is unique. the moon, the sun, the King of Spain 2. when something has been mentioned before. I met a nice girl at the dance. The girl was a friend of my sister s. 3. before superlatives and ordinal numbers. the best, the most difficult, the first 4. with musical instruments. I play the piano. I used to play the guitar. 5. with names of geographical areas. the Grand Canyon, the Sahara Desert We do not use the definite article the 1. when we talk about things in general. I love chocolate. Cats are very clean. 2. with meals of the day. What time do you have lunch? 3. With the verb go to + school / work / university / hospital / church / prison. Do you go to church on Sundays? 86
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 1. Complete the sentences with a, an, the or no article. 1. My mother works as a nurse in biggest hospital in town. 2. Waiter, there s fly in my soup! 3. I like coffee but I don t usually drink tea. 4. Would you like cup of coffee? 5. What time do you usually go to bed? 6. Earth moves around Sun. 7. There s e-mail for you from your English teacher. 8. Have you ever eaten fried tarantulas? 9. oranges are sweeter than lemons. 10. This is best paella I ve ever had. 2. Write a or an. 1. an apple 2. horse 3. unusual meal 4. airport 5. umbrella 6. interesting book 7. university 8. hour 9. hole 3. Complete the sentences with the or no article. 1. What time do you usually have breakfast? 2. How do you go to school? 3. I don t normally like action films but film I saw yesterday was really exciting. 4. I m not very fond of cats. I prefer dogs. My next door neighbour has got a dog and a cat. dog wakes me up every morning! It s best alarm clock you can get. 5. I prefer cinema to theatre. I normally watch science fiction films and romantic comedies. 6. Chicago is located on south shore of Lake Michigan. 7. Paris is capital of France. 8. We went to Tarifa last summer. beaches were wonderful but very windy. 87
UNIT 4 VOCABULARY BUILDING 1: Types of food 1. Find the words in the word soup and write them in the lists. l a m b p e a r s p l u m s g o o s e d u c k h e r r i n g l o b s t e r p o r k b e e f c r a b r a b b i t c h i c k e n p r a w n s a p p l e s p e a s c a b b a g e t u r k e y m u s s e l s o r a n g e s c a r r o t s p o t a t o e s c o d s o l e l e m o n s s h r i m p s g r a p e s MEAT: l, p, b, r POULTRY: g, d, c, t FISH: h, c, s SEAFOOD: l, c, p, m, s VEGETABLES: p, cab, c, po FRUIT: p, pl, a, o, l g 2. Listen to check, then repeat. 3. Underline the odd word out in the lists. 1. mushroom, bacon, egg, pizza, tomato 2. butter, cheese, bread, milk, yogurt 3. lemon, apple, banana, cherry, grape, eggplant 4. steak, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, onion 5. chocolate, cake, doughnut, bread, biscuit LEARNING TIP Picture dictionaries are a useful way to learn words grouped according to meaning, for example: food, transport, the house etc. Choose the words that are useful for you and write them in your notebook, together with a translation and a picture if you want. 88
LISTENING 1 Listening strategy: When completing a questionnaire, read the questions and answers carefully before you listen. 1. Do the questionnaire and decide: have you got a healthy diet? HEALTHY DIET QUESTIONNAIRE 1) How much junk food do you eat during the week? a) none b) some c) a lot 2) How many bottles of soda do you drink at the weekend? a) none b) some c) a lot 3) How many snacks do you eat between meals? a) none b) some c) a lot 4) How many sweets do you eat a day? a) none b) some c) a lot 5) How much fruit do you eat? a) a lot b) some c) none 6) How many vegetables do you eat with your meals? a) a lot b) some c) none Score (a = 3 points; b = 2 points; c = 1 point) 6 9 points: You have a terrible diet! Eat some fruit and vegetables! 10 15 points: Be careful! Remember, junk food isn t very healthy! 16 18 points: Wow! What a super diet! 2. Listen and circle the answers Jake gives on the questionnaire. What is his final score? 3. Complete the phrases Jake and Sylvia use, then listen to check. I m afraid I hate and stuff like that what about really like How many How much 1. I hamburgers and crisps. 2. snacks do you eat? 3. A lot,. 4. And fruit? do you eat? 5. fruit. 89
UNIT 4 GRAMMAR 2: Countable and uncountable nouns 1. Read the explanations and label the nouns C (countable) or U (uncountable). 1. Countable nouns refer to things that we can count. They have a singular and a plural form. 2. Uncountable nouns are for things that we cannot count. They do not have a plural form and are used with a singular verb. 1. fruit 2. orange 3. vegetable 4. soda 5. meat 6. crisps 7. hamburger 8. sweets 9. fish 10. chicken 11. money 12. dollar 13. bread 14. time Note that certain nouns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable. I don t like chocolate. (U) I gave her a box of chocolates. (C) Can I have another piece of chicken? (U) The man ate the whole chicken. (C) 2. Read the rules, then circle the correct option in the examples. 1. We use many and how many with countable nouns. 2. We use much and how much with uncountable nouns. 3. We use a lot of and lots of with countable and uncountable nouns. 4. We use a few with countable nouns and a little with uncountable nouns. 5. We normally use much and many in negative sentences and questions. 6. We use a lot of and lots of in all types of sentences. 1. How much / many milk do you drink a day? 2. How much / many books do you read in a month? 3. I drink a lot of / much water. 4. There s a little/ a few wine in the bottle. 5. I ve got a little / a few English-speaking friends. 6. I don t have much / many free time during the week. 7. There are much / a lot of foreign restaurants in the town. 90
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 1. Complete the questions with How much or How many. 1. How many brothers and sisters have you got? 2. coffee do you drink a day? 3. chocolate do you eat in a week? 4. hours do you sleep? 5. countries have you visited? 6. time do you spend on the internet? 2. Complete the sentences with a lot of, much, many, a little or a few. 1. I don t eat much chocolate. It s bad for my skin. 2. There aren t people without an internet connection at home. 3. Are there supermarkets run by Chinese people in your area? 4. There s only milk in the fridge. Shall I buy some? 5. I don t know how eggs I have to put in the omelette. 6. There were cinemas in the town centre but now there are only. 3. Rewrite the sentences with a different quantifier. 1. I don t eat much fish. I eat a little fish. 2. John doesn t have many friends. 3. My tennis teacher doesn t have a lot of patience. 4. I haven t got much money for this weekend. 5. My mum cooks with a little salt. 6. There weren t many people at the party. 91
UNIT 4 STOP AND SEND 1 1. There is one mistake in each of these sentences. Rewrite the sentences correctly. 1. I like the cucumbers but I don t like cabbage. 2. This is best roast chicken I ve eaten. 3. There was a car parked in front of the house. There were three people inside car. 4. The doctors say fish is good for you. 5. What time do you go to the bed? 6. The oranges have a lot of vitamin C. 2. Write full questions with how many and how much. Then answer the questions about you. 1. cups of coffee / you / drink / a day? 2. fruit / you / eat / in a week? 3. exercise / you / take / in a week? 4. friends / you / talk to / every day? 5. books / you / have? 6. times / you / check / your e-mail every day? 7. TV / you / watch / a day? 8. hours / you / normally / sleep? 3. Read the description of Ben s diet and write six sentences with the quantifiers below. not many not much a few a little a lot of lots of I drink about four or five cups of coffee a day. It depends how stressed I am. I only eat vegetables once or twice a week. They re boring and I don t like them much. Fruit? Maybe an apple or a banana but I prefer cakes for dessert. Cheesecake is my favourite. I love hamburgers, hot dogs and steaks. I like chicken, too. I eat meat about four or five times a week. I hardly eat any fish. I don t like it. Rice is OK and pasta is great! I drink coke or other soft drinks everyday. Sometimes I drink some wine if I go out for dinner. I drink a pint or two of beer at the pub with my friends. He drinks a lot of coffee. 92
READING 2 Reading strategy: When we read we automatically predict what words we are going to read next. This helps us to read faster. 1. Read the text quickly and underline the words that do not belong. There are two words in each paragraph. (There are no words in the last paragraph.) YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT They say we are what we eat. Some obvious differences between us are partly caused by diet: some people are taller or shorter, thinner or fatter, more active or lazier. But did you know how intelligent we are also depends in part on having a healthy diet? This is not surprising when you think our brain yellow uses more than a quarter of all the calories we consume each day. So to boost our brain power or have a better but memory we need to improve our diet. Perhaps the most important meal of the day is breakfast. Breakfast provides bedroom the fuel that the brain needs to start the day properly. The best way to supply energy to the brain is with a high carbohydrate breakfast; breads and cereals are ideal. A high fat breakfast leaves you feeling tomato more fatigued and less imaginative. Although carbohydrates help start our day, a lunch high in carbohydrates makes us sleepy university. Fish is an excellent option for both lunch and hate dinner. Fish is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids which help to transport nutrients to the brain cells. It is also important to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables every day. Experts recommend between five and happy nine servings. The antioxidants in fruit and vegetables help neutralize molecules that can damage brain cells. We should also eat plenty of foods that are dogs rich in iron, like nuts and red beans. Iron helps transport oxygen to brain cells. A lack of oxygen can cause cell functions to slow which leads to shorter attention spans, lower intelligence, poorer coordination, and an inability to concentrate. So now you know... to be smart, eat smart! 2. Read the text again and write answers to the questions. 1. How many of the calories that we consume every day does our brain use? 2. Why is breakfast the most important meal of the day? 3. Why is it not a good idea to eat food with a lot of fat at breakfast? 4. Why are omega-3 fatty acids good for us? 5. What does iron do in our brain? 93
UNIT 4 VOCABULARY BUILDING 2: Adjectives 1. Underline the adjectives in these sentences. 1. The new chef is very talented. 2. The food was delicious but rather expensive. 3. The weather got colder and colder. 4. I enjoy eating in busy restaurants. 5. He was a quiet man but hardworking and honest. 6. They found comfortable seats in the corner of the popular bar. 2. Write the adjectives in the most appropriate column in the table. Some adjectives can go in more than one column. spicy interesting salty sweet clever sour cold delicious fat friendly angry strong generous horrible lazy remote historic tasty fashionable educated boring bland exciting rude People Places Food 3. Complete these sentences with appropriate adjectives from the table. 1. He was very - he was always giving his money away. 2. We had problems getting to the village because it is in a very location. 3. The food was too - even though we drank lots of water our mouths still burned. 4. The restaurant is in a old castle where Henry VIII once stayed. 5. I m afraid I find him rather boring he doesn t have any opinions. 6. The waitress was very so we didn t leave her a tip. 7. Gordon was so that he threatened to call the police. 8. The milk had gone so we had to throw it away. 94
GRAMMAR 3: Comparatives 1. Read the rule and the examples, then complete the table with the correct form of the missing adjectives. We use the comparative form of adjectives to compare two people, things or places. John weighs 85 kilos. Bill weighs 72 kilos. John is fatter than Bill. Bill is thinner than John. Bananas cost 3 euros a kilo. Oranges are 2.5 euros a kilo. Bananas are more expensive than oranges. Oranges are cheaper than bananas. Adjective Comparative Short adjectives (1 syllable): tall taller cheap cheaper nice (1) Short adjectives (1 syllable ending in consonant-vowel-consonant): fat fatter hot hotter thin (2) Adjectives with two syllables ending in y: healthy healthier easy easier funny (3) Adjectives with two or more syllables: active more active boring more boring interesting (4) A few adjectives have irregular forms: good better bad worse far farther / further 95
UNIT 4 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 1. Write the comparative form of the adjectives. 1. tall taller 2. short 3. thin 4. fat 5. small 6. big 7. salty 8. interesting 9. sweet 10. hot 11. cold 12. boring 13. tasty 14. modern 15. comfortable 2. Complete the sentences with the comparative forms of the adjectives. comfortable difficult exciting heavy hot expensive tasty strong sweet tall 1. Crisps are tastier than cereal. 2. A desert is than the North Pole. 3. Sugar is than pure chocolate. 4. Elephants are than lions. 5. Learning Chinese is than learning French. 6. An action film is than a romantic comedy. 7. A sofa is than a chair. 8. A basketball player is than a jockey. 9. A rugby player is usually than a table tennis player. 10. Travelling by taxi is than taking a bus. 3. Compare the items with the adjectives given. 1. vegetables / healthy / pizza Vegetables are healthier than pizza. 2. fast food / fattening / traditional food 3. strawberries / sweet / oranges 4. lobsters / expensive / shrimps 96
LISTENING 2 Listening strategy: After you complete the listening exercises, it is a good idea to listen once more and read the tapescript at the same time. 1. Listen to Claire and Mark talking about their eating experiences. Match the words they use to the dishes. 1. Spanish omelette a) not very healthy 2. curry b) unusual 3. lobster c) not very exciting 4. chocolate fried in batter d) expensive 5. jacket potatoes e) spicy 6. salad f) nice 7. roast camel g) disgusting 2. Listen again and number what Claire and Mark say in the correct order. Claire: That looks nice - what is it? C: You re joking! You mean the cheaper the better... a jacket potato with cheese on top is more your style. C: Yes, roasted. How did you know? C: Yes, but they re not very exciting. When I was on holiday in Morocco last year I had the most unusual food. C: Lobster? That s really expensive... C: I prefer spicy food... an Indian restaurant near my house has the spiciest curry in town! C: Well, it s not as disgusting as chocolate fried in batter. You had that last week. Mark: What? Camel? M: That s not very healthy... M: It s a Spanish omelette. It s the nicest omelette in the world! M: True, but you know I like salads as well. M: Not me! I like lobster. M: A little bird told me. M: Yes, only the most expensive dishes for me! 3. Read the tapescript on page 344 and listen again. 97
UNIT 4 GRAMMAR 4: Superlatives 1. Read the rule and circle the correct adjective in the sentences. We use the superlative form of the adjective to compare three or more people or things. We use the before superlative adjectives in a sentence. Phil is 17 years old. Rick is 18 and Roger is 20. Roger is the oldest. 1. My brother is taller / tallest than me and my sister. He s the taller / tallest at home. 2. The underground is faster / the fastest means of transport in cities. 3. Jupiter is bigger / the biggest than Saturn. It is bigger / the biggest planet. 2. Read the rule and complete the superlative forms of the adjectives in the table. We make the superlative form of the adjective by adding est to the end of the adjective. We follow the same spelling rules as for the comparative form. Comparative Superlative Short adjectives (1 syllable): old older the oldest nice nicer (1) Short adjectives (1 syllable ending in consonant-vowel-consonant): hot hotter the hottest thin thinner (2) Two-syllable adjectives ending in y: healthy healthier the healthiest tasty tastier (3) Adjectives with two or more syllables: boring more boring the most boring expensive more expensive (4) Adjectives with an irregular form: good better the best bad worse the worst far farther the farthest further the furthest 98
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4 1. Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjectives. 1. My dad is the busiest person I know. (busy) 2. What is wine in the shop? (expensive) 3. Mexico DF is one of cities in the world. (polluted) 4. Who is person you know? (generous) 5. I think my brother is person in the family. (lazy) 6. What is meal you ve had? (good) 7. place in the world is Death Valley in California. (hot) 8. What is film that you ve seen? (bad) 2. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives. 1. Chips are more fattening (fattening) than pasta. 2. A Mediterranean diet is (healthy) diet that you can eat. 3. Deep-fried food is (bad) for your health than food cooked in the oven. 4. Fresh food is (tasty) than frozen food. 5. Mangoes are (juicy) than apples. 6. Salads are (healthy) than fried food. 7. My sister is (thin) person in our family. 8. Restaurants with Michelin stars are usually (expensive) in town. 3. Write two sentences comparing the items. 1. burgers / pizza / vegetables (nourishing) Vegetables are more nourishing than pizza or burgers. They are the most nourishing. 2. pizza / salads / chips (healthy) 3. travelling by plane / travelling by car / travelling by bus (expensive) 4. riding a horse / water-skiing / cycling (exciting) 99
UNIT 4 STOP AND SEND 2 1. Write sentences comparing the items. 1. chatting to friends online / meeting up with them Chatting to friends online is easier than meeting up with them. 2. taking exercise / watching sport on TV 3. downloading music / buying CD s 4. drinking soda / drinking fruit juice 5. fish / fast food 6. going to the cinema/ watching a video at home 7. history / maths 8. texting your friends / phoning them 2. Complete the sentences with an adjective in the comparative or superlative. beautiful boring difficult hot fast good 1. This restaurant is fine but the one we went last week was. 2. What a boring film! It s one of films I ve ever seen. 3. I think it s if we travel by underground. 4. city I ve visited is Venice. 5. I think physics is than chemistry. 6. Seville is much than Barcelona in summer. 3. Write about the things below using superlative adjectives. 1. important person in my life The most important person in my life is my sister. 2. relaxing time of the day 3. attractive person I know 4. good book I ve read 5. long exam I ve taken 6. boring subject I ve studied 7. interesting place I ve visited 8. good TV series at the moment 100
SPEAKING Speaking strategy: People often use set phrases when they buy things in shops and restaurants. Learn these phrases. They will give you confidence and make communication easier. 1. Listen and mark what the customer orders in the fish and chip shop. George and Angela s FISH AND CHIP SHOP Menu Fresh fish 1.10 Pork pie 1.75 Sausage 1.30 Hamburger 2.00 Chicken 1.20 Cheeseburger 1.85 Portion of chips 0.50 Chicken burger 0.95 Extras Portion of peas 50p Tub of gravy 25p Salad 1.55 Drinks Bottle of coke 1.00 Bottle of water 0.75 2. Complete the dialogue. bottle all portion much tub help pence want some pounds you Anything Server: Hi, can I (1) you? Customer: Yes, can I have (2) fish and chips, please? S: (3) else? C: A (4) of peas and a (5) of gravy. S: Do you (6) a drink? C: Yes, a (7) of coke please. S: Is that (8)? C: Yes, thanks. How (9) is that? S: Three (10) and thirty-five (11), please. C: Here (12) are. 3. Listen to check, then listen again and repeat. 101
UNIT 4 WRITING: Writing a recipe Writing strategy: When writing a recipe, first make a list of all the ingredients and equipment. Then imagine you are preparing the dish. Write down the steps in the correct order. 1. Read the recipe and write the name of the dish. My favourite dessert Ingredients a cup of flour a pinch of salt a couple of eggs Equipment a whisk a mixing bowl a small frying pan 2 1/4 tablespoons of butter a tablespoon a mixture of fresh fruit a jug Instructions Put the flour and salt into a mixing bowl. Then make a small hole in the centre of the flour. Break the eggs into the hole. Whisk the eggs and flour together. Next mix together the water and milk in a separate bowl or jug. Add the liquid to the flour, a little at a time, whisking to make a smooth batter. Melt two tablespoons of the butter in a small frying pan and stir it into the batter. Melt the rest of the butter in the pan to cover the bottom of the pan. Put two tablespoons of the batter into the pan. Cook the pancake for about one minute, and then flip it over. Cook the other side. Do the same with the remaining batter. Finally, fill the pancakes with plenty of fresh fruit. 102
2. Complete the phrases with the cooking verbs. Use your dictionary to help. Fry stir Slice Boil Roast Add toast Wash Peel mash Cut 1. the meat in the oven. 2. the eggs in a little oil. 3. the potatoes into small pieces. 4. the carrots until they are soft. 5. Put some butter in the carrots and potatoes and them together. 6. some flour and the mixture so that it does not form lumps. 7. the apples with a sharp knife. 8. the lettuce thoroughly in clean water. 9. the bread and it. NOTE When we write recipes we often use connecting words that indicate sequence: first, then, next, after that, finally. 3. Complete the recipe with the missing connecting words. Fresh Fruit Salad Ingredients 1/4 cup sugar 1 cup of cold water grapes, oranges, pears Instructions (1) add the sugar to the water. (2) boil the water and sugar to make a syrup. (3), wash the fruit. (4) that, peel and slice the fruit. When the syrup is cold, pour it over the fruit. (5), serve with fresh cream or ice cream. 103
UNIT 4 STOP AND SEND 3 Write a recipe for a dish you enjoy. GUIDE TO WRITING: WRITING A RECIPE Follow these steps when you write a recipe: Step 1: Make a list of the ingredients and equipment you need. Step 2: Imagine you are preparing the dish. Make a list of the steps in the process. Number the steps in order. Step 3: Write the recipe. Use your dictionary to look up words you do not know. Use connecting words to join the different steps. Step 4: Check your recipe. Step 5: Write the final draft. 104
MY LEARNER DIARY 1. Make a list of useful vocabulary you have learnt in this unit. 2. Translate these useful phrases into your language. Then add two more. 1. That looks nice. 2. You re joking! 3. Can I help you? 4. Can I have some fish and chips, please? 5. Anything else? 6. Is that all? 7. How much is that? 8. 9. 3. Circle how well you can do the following: Very well 5 4 3 2 1 0 Not at all I can talk about specific things. 5 4 3 2 1 0 I can talk about things in general. 5 4 3 2 1 0 I can talk about quantity. 5 4 3 2 1 0 I can compare people, things and places. 5 4 3 2 1 0 I can order food. 5 4 3 2 1 0 I can write a recipe. 5 4 3 2 1 0 LEARNER TIP If you score yourself low, look again at that part of the unit. Try doing the activities again. Remember: the more you practise the better you will get! 105