Display Technologies Corning: The Technology Behind the Glass Dr. David Chen Director, Application Engineering and Asia Commercial Technology Taiwan Corning Display Technologies Taiwan June 13, 2008
Forward Looking And Cautionary Statements Certain statements in this presentation constitute forward looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward looking statements are based on current expectations and involve certain risks and uncertainties. Actual results might differ from those projected in the forward looking statements. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from those in the forward looking statements is contained in the Securities and Exchange Commission filings of the Company. 2
Outline The history and future of electronic display: four waves of opportunity Corning s contributions to a-si AMLCD TV application and large-size trends Corning s innovation portfolio for high-performance portable applications A look ahead: enabling component solutions for reflective display 3
Corning s technology strategy is based upon our central role in the history of display and on our vision of the future WW End Application Market Revenue $US B 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Access CRT a-si TFT-LCD Versatility Elegance P-Si/OLED epaper Simplicity 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 4
Corning s role in electronic display spans many decades The formula for success: scalable products and processes + enabling technologies $US B 400 WW End Application Market Revenue 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Corning s cathode ray tube display (1939 New York World s Fair) Access CRT Centrifugal casting of large-size color TV funnels High-frequency electric sealing 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 5
Our innovation formula helped enable the AMLCD revolution $US B 400 a-si TFT-LCD Versatility WW End Application Market Revenue 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Precision fusion forming and optical melting processes Advanced application support 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Innovative glass compositions 6
within which Corning has made a number of contributions Reliable Supply Ever-larger Sizes Improved Attributes AM-LCD Revolution Innovative Compositions 7
Two concurrent technology trends have evolved during this remarkable period of innovation Large-size, high performance displays 1800 1600 1400 Glass Demand 1200 1000 800 600 Larger Higher Performance Lower Cost Integration Higher performance New Form Factors 400 200 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Small mobile devices 8
We have continued to increase Gen sizes to support the emergence of large-size LCD TV Year In Development Gen 10 2006 2005 2004 2003 Gen 6 Gen 7.5 Gen 7 Gen 8 LCD TV 2002 Gen 5 2000 1995 1993 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Information Technology 9
History of substrate size increases 1800 1600 1400 Glass Demand 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Worldwide Glass Demand 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7 Gen 8 10
Gen 8 the current industry standard Gen 8 panelization 52 46 32 26 23 Panel # 6 8 18 24 32 Efficiency 90% 95% 97% 90% 94% Illustration showing Gen 8 substrate with six 52-inch panels 11
Gen 10 will support a wide range of panel sizes Gen 10 panelization 65 57 42 37 32 Panel # 6 8 15 18 24 Efficiency 84% 86% 89% 84% 84% Illustration showing Gen 10 substrate with eight 57-inch panels 12
Corning is locating Gen 10 glass manufacturing at Sharp s new manufacturing complex in Sakai City Sharp site size: ~314 acres Size of ~240 football fields Source: Sharp Corporation (aerial photo) Start-up timed with Sharp s commercial plan Mutual economic benefits in logistics, inventory, and quality 13
Three technology initiatives are critical to the success of Gen 10 manufacturing Large size + Lowest cost + Superior Attributes Gen 8 Gen 10 Extend Size Increase Flow Improve Glass Quality 14
Trends in visual performance are pushing glass attributes to higher performance levels Faster response times Higher contrast ratio Wider viewing angles Contrast Ratio 800:1 >5000:1 Response Time 8 12 ms 2 5 ms Viewing Angle H: 170 / V: 160 H: 178 / V: 178 Brightness 300 400 nits 450 550 nits Resolution Full HD 1920 x 1080 Full HD 15
An active area of R&D in fundamental attributes connecting sheet properties and mura Glass surface non-flatness can cause Cell gap thickness variation will cause Variation in the intensity of the transmitted light or a contrast Backlight Polarizer Electrode Cell Gap The human eye has a certain sensitivity in detecting a contrast Substrate Output Light For a contrast to be visible to the human eye, it must exceed the minimal detectable contrast i.e., contrast threshold 32 VA mode module with cell gap of 3.7 um If the contrast > human eye contrast threshold, it is observed as mura on the LCD screen 16
Corning is also very active in delivering innovations for the portable device/ltps/oled markets $US B 400 WW End Application Market Revenue 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Elegance P-Si/OLED 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 17
High-functionality portable devices have a number of application challenges Ultimate Light and Thin Vivid High Resolution Screen Long Battery Life Mechanically Robust Multiple Functionality User Interface Versatility 18
and offer multiple opportunities for Corning innovations Polysilicon Substrate Green Laser OLED Frit Sealing Silicon-on-Glass Cover Glass 19
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What is Jade? Jade glass for advanced display: Designed specifically for high-performance portable devices Intended for low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) and active matrix OLED applications (AMOLED) Jade is a new composition that has thermal durability built into its glass chemistry for unparalleled high temperature performance Eliminates the need for heat treatment or polishing, which can degrade the surface quality, shape, and attributes of the glass Pristine surface quality with cleanliness near semiconductor levels 21
Some glass suppliers or customers employ a secondary heat treatment method to stabilize the glass a-si glass Post-forming heat treatment step Finishing process Results of heat treatment step: Pre-compacts the glass for increased thermal stability, thereby reducing glass contributions to dimensional errors in LTPS process However - Introduces additional process complexity Increases risk of the substrate introducing variability in sheet shape, surface quality, or thermal properties 22
Other glass suppliers employ a secondary polishing step in substrate finishing a-si glass Post-forming heat treatment step Polishing process Results of polishing step: Prepares the surface for the extraordinary surface requirements arising from the demanding device design of the polysilicon backplane However - Introduces variability into customer process through substrate surface issues Polished substrate s surface roughness is propagated into critical device features Polished surface may increase likelihood of particle contamination Polishing introduces non-uniformities across the substrate surface 23
Jade eliminates need for heat treatment or polishing Fusion-formed p-si glass: Jade Finishing process New high viscosity glass eliminates need for additional heat treatment step Product maintains dimensional stability and uniformity - critical to the LTPS process Elimination of pre-compaction step preserves benefits of fusion glass: Pristine surface quality Outstanding thickness and shape control Flexible capacity and reliable supply Jade is stronger under mechanical stress than conventional a-si glass 24
Jade provides improved compaction variability through its glass chemistry All thermal processes in panel manufacture have thermal gradients These gradients will result in a variation in dimensional change according to the following formula: ( 1 exp ( / η) ) C = α T Kt T2 T1 For high viscosity glasses, exp term goes to 1 and C = 0 no matter how big delta T is! 25
Jade has a more stable shape in high temperature customer processes Calculation and our experimental results show that high viscosity glass (such as Jade) distort much less under a high temperature / time condition w C ρ = 6.125 T η l t 4 2 Comparison of Visco-Elastic Behavior of Corning Inc. Glasses at 600 C ( Thermal Sag ) (Conditions: Applied total load 117.24 [g] in the center, span 5.2 [cm], thickness: 0.07 [cm], width: 0.30 [cm], initial train load 32.53 [g]) a-si Glass w c - sag at center of glass - viscosity (Pa sec) - density (kg/m 3 ) - time duration w/ creep flow (sec) l - half length of the glass sheet (m) t - thickness of glass sheet (m) Normalized deflection [cm] VISCOUS DEFORMATION Jade 117.24 [g] total load 32.53 [g] train load ELASTIC DEFORMATION Time (Hours) 26
Jade has higher strength than a-si glass Positive ROR (Ring-on-Ring) Test Result Jade has a higher surface strength that should result in a stronger end product. WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION ROR - Abraded, Water Saturated Air, Lab Temperature EAGLE 2000 Jade Jade a-si Glass Failure Probability 1737G EAGLE XG Strength (MPa) Strength (MPa) Stress Rate (MPa/s) 27
Now in development: Vita hermetic sealing solution for OLEDs Vita is a complete technology solution for OLED manufacture Glass-based approach offers an impermeable seal, increasing the lifespan of OLEDs by locking out air and moisture Expected to launch later in 2008 28
Glass-based approach offers an impermeable seal, increasing the lifespan of OLEDs Existing Solution Vita Desiccant Cavity Etched Cover Glass Epoxy Glass Seal RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B Cover Glass RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B RG B TFT Backplane (LTPS) TFT Backplane (LTPS) Not hermetic Limited lifetime Cavity etch and desiccant Cost Top emission challenging Impractical for devices over 10 Hermetic Proprietary sealing process No cavity or desiccant Facilitates top emission Scalable to large size applications 29
Combination of Jade and Vita represents a breakthrough for OLED displays Two major technical barriers have slowed the growth of the OLED industry and limited the OLED application to small displays Problem Solution Polysilicon backplane performance: OLEDs require a backplane with much higher performance than a conventional LCD Sensitivity of OLEDs to moisture and oxygen Introduction of these products will help OLED technology scale up to larger applications 30
Silicon-on-glass to enable next-generation, high-performance electronic devices Jade glass substrate Polysilicon Technology Single crystal silicon LCD/OLED TFT & driver circuits Single Crystal Silicon-on-glass Display Jade is an optimal glass substrate for SiOG SiOG provides increased electron mobility and uniformity Offers value to high-end small to medium size (3 to 11 ) screens Major consumer electronics firms actively participating in development 31
Green lasers enable portable micro-projection devices Laser projectors offer several advantages vs. LED Image quality Size Power consumption Projectors with Corning s green laser technology were showcased at CES and SID 2008 Ongoing engagement with handset and projector manufacturers Planning capacity to meet market demand 32
Following emissive and transmissive technologies, reflective displays represent the next era in display Transmissive displays a-si TFT-LCD Reflective displays Create new applications Non competing with LCD Emissive displays CRT PDP OLED p-si TFT-LCD Potentially very large market Long term opportunities 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 * Graph is intended to show trends only. Curves are not quantitative. 33
Thin glass is an enabler of new form factors Drivers Thin and light Flexible and conformable Roll-to-roll processing 100µm TFTquality research glass by Corning Advantages of glass O 2 and H 2 O barrier Chemically durable Thermal capability High surface quality Bonding ability Dimensional stability and elastic to failure No memory from repeated stressing Challenges Mechanical resistance and handling 34
Thin glass is an enabler of new form factors 35
Summary Corning has a sustained history of contributions to electronic display In the area of active matrix LCD, we continue to drive scalable product and processes, innovative compositions and R&D for advanced applications Innovations for portable applications include Jade substrates for LTPS & OLED applications and Vita hermetic sealing solutions for OLEDs Our forward-looking research portfolio includes component solutions for bi-stable reflective display 36